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  • What is wrong with my specular phong shading

    - by Thijser
    I'm sorry if this should be placed on stackoverflow instead however seeing as this is graphics related I was hoping you guys could help me: I'm attempting to write a phong shader and currently working on the specular. I came acros the following formula: base*pow(dot(V,R),shininess) and attempted to implement it (V is the posion of the viewer and R the reflective vector). This gave the following result and code: Vec3Df phongSpecular(const Vec3Df & vertexPos, Vec3Df & normal, const Vec3Df & lightPos, const Vec3Df & cameraPos, unsigned int index) { Vec3Df relativeLightPos=(lightPos-vertexPos); relativeLightPos.normalize(); Vec3Df relativeCameraPos= (cameraPos-vertexPos); relativeCameraPos.normalize(); int DotOfNormalAndLight = Vec3Df::dotProduct(normal,relativeLightPos); Vec3Df reflective =(relativeLightPos-(2*DotOfNormalAndLight*normal))*-1; reflective.normalize(); float phongyness= Vec3Df::dotProduct(reflective,relativeCameraPos); if (phongyness<0){ phongyness=0; } float shininess= Shininess[index]; float speculair = powf(phongyness,shininess); return Ks[index]*speculair; } I'm looking for something more like this:

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  • What is wrong with my speculair phong shading

    - by Thijser
    I'm sorry if this should be placed on stackoverflow instead however seeing as this is graphics related I was hoping you guys could help me: I'm attempting to write a phong shader and currently working on the specular. I came acros the following formula: base*pow(dot(V,R),shininess) and attempted to implement it (V is the posion of the viewer and R the reflective vector). This gave the following result and code: Vec3Df phongSpecular(const Vec3Df & vertexPos, Vec3Df & normal, const Vec3Df & lightPos, const Vec3Df & cameraPos, unsigned int index) { Vec3Df relativeLightPos=(lightPos-vertexPos); relativeLightPos.normalize(); Vec3Df relativeCameraPos= (cameraPos-vertexPos); relativeCameraPos.normalize(); int DotOfNormalAndLight = Vec3Df::dotProduct(normal,relativeLightPos); Vec3Df reflective =(relativeLightPos-(2*DotOfNormalAndLight*normal))*-1; reflective.normalize(); float phongyness= Vec3Df::dotProduct(reflective,relativeCameraPos); if (phongyness<0){ phongyness=0; } float shininess= Shininess[index]; float speculair = powf(phongyness,shininess); return Ks[index]*speculair; } I'm looking for something more like this:

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  • OpenGL 3.x Assimp trouble implementing phong shading (normals?)

    - by Defcronyke
    I'm having trouble getting phong shading to look right. I'm pretty sure there's something wrong with either my OpenGL calls, or the way I'm loading my normals, but I guess it could be something else since 3D graphics and Assimp are both still very new to me. When trying to load .obj/.mtl files, the problems I'm seeing are: The models seem to be lit too intensely (less phong-style and more completely washed out, too bright). Faces that are lit seem to be lit equally all over (with the exception of a specular highlight showing only when the light source position is moved to be practically right on top of the model) Because of problems 1 and 2, spheres look very wrong: picture of sphere And things with larger faces look (less-noticeably) wrong too: picture of cube I could be wrong, but to me this doesn't look like proper phong shading. Here's the code that I think might be relevant (I can post more if necessary): file: assimpRenderer.cpp #include "assimpRenderer.hpp" namespace def { assimpRenderer::assimpRenderer(std::string modelFilename, float modelScale) { initSFML(); initOpenGL(); if (assImport(modelFilename)) // if modelFile loaded successfully { initScene(); mainLoop(modelScale); shutdownScene(); } shutdownOpenGL(); shutdownSFML(); } assimpRenderer::~assimpRenderer() { } void assimpRenderer::initSFML() { windowWidth = 800; windowHeight = 600; settings.majorVersion = 3; settings.minorVersion = 3; app = NULL; shader = NULL; app = new sf::Window(sf::VideoMode(windowWidth,windowHeight,32), "OpenGL 3.x Window", sf::Style::Default, settings); app->setFramerateLimit(240); app->setActive(); return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownSFML() { delete app; return; } void assimpRenderer::initOpenGL() { GLenum err = glewInit(); if (GLEW_OK != err) { /* Problem: glewInit failed, something is seriously wrong. */ std::cerr << "Error: " << glewGetErrorString(err) << std::endl; } // check the OpenGL context version that's currently in use int glVersion[2] = {-1, -1}; glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION, &glVersion[0]); // get the OpenGL Major version glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION, &glVersion[1]); // get the OpenGL Minor version std::cout << "Using OpenGL Version: " << glVersion[0] << "." << glVersion[1] << std::endl; return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownOpenGL() { return; } void assimpRenderer::initScene() { // allocate heap space for VAOs, VBOs, and IBOs vaoID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes]; vboID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes*2]; iboID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes]; glClearColor(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 0.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); shader = new Shader("shader.vert", "shader.frag"); projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(60.0f, (float)windowWidth / (float)windowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); rot = 0.0f; rotSpeed = 50.0f; faceIndex = 0; colorArrayA = NULL; colorArrayD = NULL; colorArrayS = NULL; normalArray = NULL; genVAOs(); return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownScene() { delete [] iboID; delete [] vboID; delete [] vaoID; delete shader; } void assimpRenderer::renderScene(float modelScale) { sf::Time elapsedTime = clock.getElapsedTime(); clock.restart(); if (rot > 360.0f) rot = 0.0f; rot += rotSpeed * elapsedTime.asSeconds(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT); viewMatrix = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, -3.0f, -10.0f)); // move back a bit modelMatrix = glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(modelScale)); // scale model modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, rot, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)); //modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, 25.0f, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)); glm::vec3 lightPosition( 0.0f, -100.0f, 0.0f ); float lightPositionArray[3]; lightPositionArray[0] = lightPosition[0]; lightPositionArray[1] = lightPosition[1]; lightPositionArray[2] = lightPosition[2]; shader->bind(); int projectionMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "projectionMatrix"); int viewMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "viewMatrix"); int modelMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "modelMatrix"); int ambientLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "ambientColor"); int diffuseLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "diffuseColor"); int specularLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "specularColor"); int lightPositionLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "lightPosition"); int normalMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "normalMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &projectionMatrix[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(viewMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &viewMatrix[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(modelMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &modelMatrix[0][0]); glUniform3fv(lightPositionLocation, 1, lightPositionArray); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++) { colorArrayA = new float[3]; colorArrayD = new float[3]; colorArrayS = new float[3]; material = scene->mMaterials[scene->mNumMaterials-1]; normalArray = new float[scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3]; unsigned int normalIndex = 0; for (unsigned int j = 0; j < scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3; j+=3, normalIndex++) { normalArray[j] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].x; // x normalArray[j+1] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].y; // y normalArray[j+2] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].z; // z } normalIndex = 0; glUniformMatrix3fv(normalMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, normalArray); aiColor3D ambient(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_AMBIENT, ambient); aiColor3D diffuse(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_DIFFUSE, diffuse); aiColor3D specular(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_SPECULAR, specular); colorArrayA[0] = ambient.r; colorArrayA[1] = ambient.g; colorArrayA[2] = ambient.b; colorArrayD[0] = diffuse.r; colorArrayD[1] = diffuse.g; colorArrayD[2] = diffuse.b; colorArrayS[0] = specular.r; colorArrayS[1] = specular.g; colorArrayS[2] = specular.b; // bind color for each mesh glUniform3fv(ambientLocation, 1, colorArrayA); glUniform3fv(diffuseLocation, 1, colorArrayD); glUniform3fv(specularLocation, 1, colorArrayS); // render all meshes glBindVertexArray(vaoID[i]); // bind our VAO glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumFaces*3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0); glBindVertexArray(0); // unbind our VAO delete [] normalArray; delete [] colorArrayA; delete [] colorArrayD; delete [] colorArrayS; } shader->unbind(); app->display(); return; } void assimpRenderer::handleEvents() { sf::Event event; while (app->pollEvent(event)) { if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) { app->close(); } if ((event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) && (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Escape)) { app->close(); } if (event.type == sf::Event::Resized) { glViewport(0, 0, event.size.width, event.size.height); } } return; } void assimpRenderer::mainLoop(float modelScale) { while (app->isOpen()) { renderScene(modelScale); handleEvents(); } } bool assimpRenderer::assImport(const std::string& pFile) { // read the file with some example postprocessing scene = importer.ReadFile(pFile, aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | aiProcess_SortByPType); // if the import failed, report it if (!scene) { std::cerr << "Error: " << importer.GetErrorString() << std::endl; return false; } return true; } void assimpRenderer::genVAOs() { int vboIndex = 0; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++, vboIndex+=2) { mesh = scene->mMeshes[i]; indexArray = new unsigned int[mesh->mNumFaces * sizeof(unsigned int) * 3]; // convert assimp faces format to array faceIndex = 0; for (unsigned int t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; std::memcpy(&indexArray[faceIndex], face->mIndices, sizeof(float) * 3); faceIndex += 3; } // generate VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &vaoID[i]); glBindVertexArray(vaoID[i]); // generate IBO for faces glGenBuffers(1, &iboID[i]); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboID[i]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(GLuint) * mesh->mNumFaces * 3, indexArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // generate VBO for vertices if (mesh->HasPositions()) { glGenBuffers(1, &vboID[vboIndex]); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID[vboIndex]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->mNumVertices * sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, mesh->mVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)0); glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); } // generate VBO for normals if (mesh->HasNormals()) { normalArray = new float[scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3]; unsigned int normalIndex = 0; for (unsigned int j = 0; j < scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3; j+=3, normalIndex++) { normalArray[j] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].x; // x normalArray[j+1] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].y; // y normalArray[j+2] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].z; // z } normalIndex = 0; glGenBuffers(1, &vboID[vboIndex+1]); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID[vboIndex+1]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->mNumVertices * sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, normalArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)1); glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); delete [] normalArray; } // tex coord stuff goes here // unbind buffers glBindVertexArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); delete [] indexArray; } vboIndex = 0; return; } } file: shader.vert #version 150 core in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; uniform vec3 lightPosition; uniform mat3 normalMatrix; smooth out vec3 vVaryingNormal; smooth out vec3 vVaryingLightDir; void main() { // derive MVP and MV matrices mat4 modelViewProjectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix; mat4 modelViewMatrix = viewMatrix * modelMatrix; // get surface normal in eye coordinates vVaryingNormal = normalMatrix * in_Normal; // get vertex position in eye coordinates vec4 vPosition4 = modelViewMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); vec3 vPosition3 = vPosition4.xyz / vPosition4.w; // get vector to light source vVaryingLightDir = normalize(lightPosition - vPosition3); // Set the position of the current vertex gl_Position = modelViewProjectionMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); } file: shader.frag #version 150 core out vec4 out_Color; uniform vec3 ambientColor; uniform vec3 diffuseColor; uniform vec3 specularColor; smooth in vec3 vVaryingNormal; smooth in vec3 vVaryingLightDir; void main() { // dot product gives us diffuse intensity float diff = max(0.0, dot(normalize(vVaryingNormal), normalize(vVaryingLightDir))); // multiply intensity by diffuse color, force alpha to 1.0 out_Color = vec4(diff * diffuseColor, 1.0); // add in ambient light out_Color += vec4(ambientColor, 1.0); // specular light vec3 vReflection = normalize(reflect(-normalize(vVaryingLightDir), normalize(vVaryingNormal))); float spec = max(0.0, dot(normalize(vVaryingNormal), vReflection)); if (diff != 0) { float fSpec = pow(spec, 128.0); // Set the output color of our current pixel out_Color.rgb += vec3(fSpec, fSpec, fSpec); } } I know it's a lot to look through, but I'm putting most of the code up so as not to assume where the problem is. Thanks in advance to anyone who has some time to help me pinpoint the problem(s)! I've been trying to sort it out for two days now and I'm not getting anywhere on my own.

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  • point light illumination using Phong model

    - by Myx
    Hello: I wish to render a scene that contains one box and a point light source using the Phong illumination scheme. The following are the relevant code snippets for my calculation: R3Rgb Phong(R3Scene *scene, R3Ray *ray, R3Intersection *intersection) { R3Rgb radiance; if(intersection->hit == 0) { radiance = scene->background; return radiance; } ... // obtain ambient term ... // this is zero for my test // obtain emissive term ... // this is also zero for my test // for each light in the scene, obtain calculate the diffuse and specular terms R3Rgb intensity_diffuse(0,0,0,1); R3Rgb intensity_specular(0,0,0,1); for(unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->lights.size(); i++) { R3Light *light = scene->Light(i); R3Rgb light_color = LightIntensity(scene->Light(i), intersection->position); R3Vector light_vector = -LightDirection(scene->Light(i), intersection->position); // check if the light is "behind" the surface normal if(normal.Dot(light_vector)<=0) continue; // calculate diffuse reflection if(!Kd.IsBlack()) intensity_diffuse += Kd*normal.Dot(light_vector)*light_color; if(Ks.IsBlack()) continue; // calculate specular reflection ... // this I believe to be irrelevant for the particular test I'm doing } radiance = intensity_diffuse; return radiance; } R3Rgb LightIntensity(R3Light *light, R3Point position) { R3Rgb light_intensity; double distance; double denominator; if(light->type != R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) { distance = (position-light->position).Length(); denominator = light->constant_attenuation + (light->linear_attenuation*distance) + (light->quadratic_attenuation*distance*distance); } switch(light->type) { ... case R3_POINT_LIGHT: light_intensity = light->color/denominator; break; ... } return light_intensity; } R3Vector LightDirection(R3Light *light, R3Point position) { R3Vector light_direction; switch(light->type) { ... case R3_POINT_LIGHT: light_direction = position - light->position; break; ... } light_direction.Normalize(); return light_direction; } I believe that the error must be somewhere in either LightDirection(...) or LightIntensity(...) functions because when I run my code using a directional light source, I obtain the desired rendered image (thus this leads me to believe that the Phong illumination equation is correct). Also, in Phong(...), when I computed the intensity_diffuse and while debugging, I divided light_color by 10, I was obtaining a resulting image that looked more like what I need. Am I calculating the light_color correctly? Thanks.

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  • Problem implementing Blinn–Phong shading model

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I did this very simple, perfectly working, implementation of Phong Relflection Model (There is no ambience implemented yet, but that doesn't bother me for now). The functions should be self explaining. /** * Implements the classic Phong illumination Model using a reflected light * vector. */ public class PhongIllumination implements IlluminationModel { @RGBParam(r = 0, g = 0, b = 0) public Vec3 ambient; @RGBParam(r = 1, g = 1, b = 1) public Vec3 diffuse; @RGBParam(r = 1, g = 1, b = 1) public Vec3 specular; @FloatParam(value = 20, min = 1, max = 200.0f) public float shininess; /* * Calculate the intensity of light reflected to the viewer . * * @param P = The surface position expressed in world coordinates. * * @param V = Normalized viewing vector from surface to eye in world * coordinates. * * @param N = Normalized normal vector at surface point in world * coordinates. * * @param surfaceColor = surfaceColor Color of the surface at the current * position. * * @param lights = The active light sources in the scene. * * @return Reflected light intensity I. */ public Vec3 shade(Vec3 P, Vec3 V, Vec3 N, Vec3 surfaceColor, Light lights[]) { Vec3 surfaceColordiffused = Vec3.mul(surfaceColor, diffuse); Vec3 totalintensity = new Vec3(0, 0, 0); for (int i = 0; i < lights.length; i++) { Vec3 L = lights[i].calcDirection(P); N = N.normalize(); V = V.normalize(); Vec3 R = Vec3.reflect(L, N); // reflection vector float diffuseLight = Vec3.dot(N, L); float specularLight = Vec3.dot(V, R); if (diffuseLight > 0) { totalintensity = Vec3.add(Vec3.mul(Vec3.mul( surfaceColordiffused, lights[i].calcIntensity(P)), diffuseLight), totalintensity); if (specularLight > 0) { Vec3 Il = lights[i].calcIntensity(P); Vec3 Ilincident = Vec3.mul(Il, Math.max(0.0f, Vec3 .dot(N, L))); Vec3 intensity = Vec3.mul(Vec3.mul(specular, Ilincident), (float) Math.pow(specularLight, shininess)); totalintensity = Vec3.add(totalintensity, intensity); } } } return totalintensity; } } Now i need to adapt it to become a Blinn-Phong illumination model I used the formulas from hearn and baker, followed pseudocodes and tried to implement it multiple times according to wikipedia articles in several languages but it never worked. I just get no specular reflections or they are so weak and/or are at the wrong place and/or have the wrong color. From the numerous wrong implementations I post some little code that already seems to be wrong. So I calculate my Half Way vector and my new specular light like so: Vec3 H = Vec3.mul(Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V), Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V).length()); float specularLight = Vec3.dot(H, N); With theese little changes it should already work (maby not with correct intensity but basically it should be correct). But the result is wrong. Here are two images. Left how it should render correctly and right how it renders. If i lower the shininess factor you can see a little specular light at the top right: Altough I understand the concept of Phong illumination and also the simplified more performant adaptaion of blinn phong I am trying around for days and just cant get it to work. Any help is appriciated. Edit: I was made aware of an error by this answer, that i am mutiplying by |L+V| instead of dividing by it when calculating H. I changed to deviding doing so: Vec3 H = Vec3.mul(Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V), 1/Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V).length()); Unfortunately this doesnt change much. The results look like this: and if I rise the specular constant and lower the shininess You can see the effects more clearly in a smilar wrong way: However this division just the normalisation. I think I am missing one step. Because the formulas like this just dont make sense to me. If you look at this picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blinn-Phong_vectors.svg The projection of H to N is far less than V to R. And if you imagine changing the vector V in the picture the angle is the same when the viewing vector is "on the left side". and becomes more and more different when going to the right. I pesonally would multiply the whole projection by two to become something similiar (and the hole point is to avoid the calculation of R). Altough I didnt read anythinga bout that anywehre i am gonna try this out... Result: The intension of the specular light is far too much (white areas) and the position is still wrong. I think I am messing something else up because teh reflection are just at the wrong place. But what? Edit: Now I read on wikipedia in the notes that the angle of N/H is in fact approximalty half or V/R. To compensate that i should multiply my shineness exponent by 4 rather than my projection. If i do that I end up with this: Far to intense but still one thing. The projection is at the wrong place. Where could i mess up my vectors?

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  • OpenGL render vs. own Phong Illumination Implementation

    - by Myx
    Hello: I have implemented a Phong Illumination Scheme using a camera that's centered at (0,0,0) and looking directly at the sphere primitive. The following are the relevant contents of the scene file that is used to view the scene using OpenGL as well as to render the scene using my own implementation: ambient 0 1 0 dir_light 1 1 1 -3 -4 -5 # A red sphere with 0.5 green ambiance, centered at (0,0,0) with radius 1 material 0 0.5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 sphere 0 0 0 0 1 The resulting image produced by OpenGL. The image that my rendering application produces. As you can see, there are various differences between the two: The specular highlight on my image is smaller than the one in OpenGL. The diffuse surface seems to not diffuse in the correct way, resulting in the yellow region to be unneccessarily large in my image, whereas in OpenGL there's a nice dark green region closer to the bottom of the sphere The color produced by OpenGL is much darker than the one in my image. Those are the most prominent three differences that I see. The following is my implementation of the Phong illumination: R3Rgb Phong(R3Scene *scene, R3Ray *ray, R3Intersection *intersection) { R3Rgb radiance; if(intersection->hit == 0) { radiance = scene->background; return radiance; } R3Vector normal = intersection->normal; R3Rgb Kd = intersection->node->material->kd; R3Rgb Ks = intersection->node->material->ks; // obtain ambient term R3Rgb intensity_ambient = intersection->node->material->ka*scene->ambient; // obtain emissive term R3Rgb intensity_emission = intersection->node->material->emission; // for each light in the scene, obtain calculate the diffuse and specular terms R3Rgb intensity_diffuse(0,0,0,1); R3Rgb intensity_specular(0,0,0,1); for(unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->lights.size(); i++) { R3Light *light = scene->Light(i); R3Rgb light_color = LightIntensity(scene->Light(i), intersection->position); R3Vector light_vector = -LightDirection(scene->Light(i), intersection->position); // calculate diffuse reflection intensity_diffuse += Kd*normal.Dot(light_vector)*light_color; // calculate specular reflection R3Vector reflection_vector = 2.*normal.Dot(light_vector)*normal-light_vector; reflection_vector.Normalize(); R3Vector viewing_vector = ray->Start() - intersection->position; viewing_vector.Normalize(); double n = intersection->node->material->shininess; intensity_specular += Ks*pow(max(0.,viewing_vector.Dot(reflection_vector)),n)*light_color; } radiance = intensity_emission+intensity_ambient+intensity_diffuse+intensity_specular; return radiance; } Here are the related LightIntensity(...) and LightDirection(...) functions: R3Vector LightDirection(R3Light *light, R3Point position) { R3Vector light_direction; switch(light->type) { case R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT: light_direction = light->direction; break; case R3_POINT_LIGHT: light_direction = position-light->position; break; case R3_SPOT_LIGHT: light_direction = position-light->position; break; } light_direction.Normalize(); return light_direction; } R3Rgb LightIntensity(R3Light *light, R3Point position) { R3Rgb light_intensity; double distance; double denominator; if(light->type != R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) { distance = (position-light->position).Length(); denominator = light->constant_attenuation + light->linear_attenuation*distance + light->quadratic_attenuation*distance*distance; } switch(light->type) { case R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT: light_intensity = light->color; break; case R3_POINT_LIGHT: light_intensity = light->color/denominator; break; case R3_SPOT_LIGHT: R3Vector from_light_to_point = position - light->position; light_intensity = light->color*( pow(light->direction.Dot(from_light_to_point), light->angle_attenuation)); break; } return light_intensity; } I would greatly appreciate any suggestions as to any implementation errors that are apparent. I am wondering if the differences could be occurring simply because of the gamma values used for display by OpenGL and the default gamma value for my display. I also know that OpenGL (or at least tha parts that I was provided) can't cast shadows on objects. Not that this is relevant for the point in question, but it just leads me to wonder if it's simply display and capability differences between OpenGL and what I am trying to do. Thank you for your help.

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  • Lighting-Reflectance Models & Licensing Issues

    - by codey
    Generally, or specifically, is there any licensing issue with using any of the well known lighting/reflectance models (i.e. the BRDFs or other distribution or approximation functions): Phong, Blinn–Phong, Cook–Torrance, Blinn-Torrance-Sparrow, Lambert, Minnaert, Oren–Nayar, Ward, Strauss, Ashikhmin-Shirley and common modifications where applicable, such as: Beckmann distribution, Blinn distribution, Schlick's approximation, etc. in your shader code utilised in a commercial product? Or is it a non-issue?

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  • Doxygen, too heavy to maintain ?

    - by Phong
    I am currently starting using doxygen to document my source code. I have notice that the syntax is very heavy, every time I modify the source code, I also need to change the comment and I really have the impression to pass too much time modifying the comment for every change I make in the source code. Do you have some tips to document my source code efficiently ? Does some editor (or plugin for existing editor) for doxygen to do the following exist? automatically track unsynchronized code/comment and warn the programmer about it. automatically add doxygen comment format (template with parameter name in it for example) in the source code (template) for every new item PS: I am working on a C/C++ project.

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  • Set Height of Div Equal to Parent Tag

    - by Phong Dang
    Hello, I have a snip code HTML as below : <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" lang="en-us" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=8" /> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft SharePoint" /> <meta name="progid" content="SharePoint.WebPartPage.Document" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" /> <title>Demo </title> <style type="text/css"> A { font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_layouts/1033/styles/Themable/wiki.css?rev=AWRyZDbGxZSekWBubaxPXw%3D%3D" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_layouts/1033/styles/Themable/corev4.css?rev=w9FW7ASZnUjiWWCtJEcnTw%3D%3D" /> </head> <body topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" style="height:100%;"> <form method="" name="frm"> <table style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" id="ctl00_m_g_510fd150_a968_41ee_a28d_d47ff4a7198e_BambooCalendarControl" height="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> <span> <nobr>8:00 AM</nobr> </span> </td> <td style="border-bottom: #d4d0c8 1px dotted; background-color: #ccffcc; border-left: 0px; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="100%" valign="top" rowspan="8" width="50%"> <div style="border-bottom: gray 1px solid; border-left: gray 1px solid; background-color: #ffa500; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; border-top: gray 1px solid; border-right: gray 1px solid" nowrap width="100%" valign="top"> <a style="height: 100%; color: black" href="#"><font color="white">Item </font></a> </div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: #d4d0c8 1px dotted; border-left: 0px; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" width="100%" colspan="1"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: 0px; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" width="100%" colspan="1"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> <span> <nobr>9:00 AM</nobr> </span> </td> <td style="border-bottom: #d4d0c8 1px dotted; background-color: #ccffcc; border-left: 0px; border-right: black 1px solid" height="100%" valign="top" rowspan="4" width="50%"> <div style="border-bottom: gray 1px solid; border-left: gray 1px solid; background-color: #bdb76b; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; border-top: gray 1px solid; border-right: gray 1px solid" nowrap width="100%" valign="top"> <a style="height: 100%; color: black" title="" href="#"><font color="white">Item 2 </font> </a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> </td> </tr> <tr style="border-left: medium none; border-right: #696969 1px solid"> <td style="border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> <span> <nobr>10:00 AM</nobr> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> <span> <nobr>11:00 AM</nobr> </span> </td> <td style="border-bottom: #d4d0c8 1px dotted; border-left: 0px; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" width="100%" colspan="1"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" rowspan="1" width="1%" align="right"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: 0px; border-right: black 1px solid" height="25" valign="top" width="100%" colspan="2"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form> </body> </html> I set the height of the div 100% so that it full of TD but it did not effect. Please help me ! Thanks / PD

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  • Static source code analysis with LLVM

    - by Phong
    I recently discover the LLVM (low level virtual machine) project, and from what I have heard It can be used to performed static analysis on a source code. I would like to know if it is possible to extract the different function call through function pointer (find the caller function and the callee function) in a program. I could find the kind of information in the website so it would be really helpful if you could tell me if such an library already exist in LLVM or can you point me to the good direction on how to build it myself (existing source code, reference, tutorial, example...). EDIT: With my analysis I actually want to extract caller/callee function call. In the case of a function pointer, I would like to return a set of possible callee. both caller and callee must be define in the source code (this does not include third party function in a library).

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  • How to draw multiple line text to uiimageview iphone?

    - by Hu?nh Phong
    I have UITextView for text, after user press DONE, I convert text to UIImageView and show it. It works with one line of text very good, and Screenshot 1 . But if user types two lines, or more: the result is still one line??? Screenshot 2 I want to display two or more lines in UIimageView Can anybody help me! Thank you very much! Here is my code: -(UIImage *)convertTextToImage : (ObjectText *) objT; { UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(([objT.content sizeWithFont:objT.font].width+10), ([objT.content sizeWithFont:objT.font].height+10))); [[objT getcolor] set]; [objT.content drawAtPoint:CGPointMake(5, 5) withFont:objT.font]; UIImage *result = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); return result; }

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  • Using normals in DirectX 10

    - by Dave
    I've got a working OBJ loader that loads vertices, indices, texture coordinates, and normals. As of right now it doesn't process texture coordinates or normals but it stores them in arrays and creates a valid mesh with the vertices and indices. Now I am trying to figure out how can I make the shader use the correct normal in the array for the current vertex if I can't setnormals() to my mesh. If I were to just use an index in my array of normals corresponding to the index in the vertices, how would I retrieve the current index the shader is processing? BTW: I am trying to write a blinn-phong shader technique. Also when I create the input layout and I've added the semantic NORMAL to it, how would I list the multiple semantics in that single parameter? Would I just separate it with a space? PS: If you need to see any code, just let me know.

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  • How do I integrate a BSDF into a ray caster.

    - by pelb
    I'm trying to implement sub surface scattering at isosurfaces and looked up how a BSDF works mathematically. Implementing the reflective and diffuse part seems to be quite easy as i just have to evaluate phong at the isosurface intersection, but how do you I apply the transmissive part of the BSDF? In what way do i have to modify the ray direction. Any pointers to a practical implementation are welcome. Thanks and So long!

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  • What books would I recommend?

    - by user12277104
    One of my mentees (I have three right now) said he had some time on his hands this Summer and was looking for good UX books to read ... I sigh heavily, because there is no shortage of good UX books to read. My bookshelves have titles by well-read authors like Nielsen, Norman, Tufte, Dumas, Krug, Gladwell, Pink, Csikszentmihalyi, and Roam. I have titles buy lesser-known authors, many whom I call friends, and many others whom I'll likely never meet. I have books on Excel pivot tables, typography, mental models, culture, accessibility, surveys, checklists, prototyping, Agile, Java, sketching, project management, HTML, negotiation, statistics, user research methods, six sigma, usability guidelines, dashboards, the effects of aging on cognition, UI design, and learning styles, among others ... many others. So I feel the need to qualify any book recommendations with "it depends ...", because it depends on who I'm talking to, and what they are looking for.  It's probably best that I also mention that the views expressed in this blog are mine, and may not necessarily reflect the views of Oracle. There. I'm glad I got that off my chest. For that mentee, who will be graduating with his MS HFID + MBA from Bentley in the Fall, I'll recommend this book: Universal Principles of Design -- this is a great book, which in its first edition held "100  ways to enhance usability, influence perception, increase appeal, make better design decisions, and teach through design." Granted, the second edition expanded that number to 125, but when I first found this book, I felt like I'd discovered the Grail. Its research-based principles are all laid out in 2 pages each, with lots of pictures and good references. A must-have for the new grad. Do I have recommendations for a book that will teach you how to conduct a usability test? Yes, three of them. To communicate what we do to management? Yes. To create personas? Yep -- two or three. Help you with UX in an Agile environment? You bet, I've got two I'd recommend. Create an excellent presentation? Uh hunh. Get buy-in from your team? Of course. There are a plethora of excellent UX books out there. But which ones I recommend ... well ... it depends. 

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  • Using textureGrad for anisotropic integration approximation

    - by Amxx
    I'm trying to develop a real time rendering method using real time acquired envmap (cubemap) for lightning. This implies that my envmap can change as often as every frame and I therefore cannot use any method base on precomputation of the envmap (such as convolution with BRDF...) So far my method worked well with Phong BRDF. For specular contribution I direclty read the value in my sampleCube and I use mipmap levels + linear filter for simulating the roughtness of the material considered: int size = textureSize(envmap, 0).x; float specular_level = log2(size * sqrt(3.0)) - 0.5 * log2(ns + 1); vec3 env_specular = ks * specular_color * textureLod(envmap, l_g, specular_level); From this method I would like to upgrade to a microfacet based BRDF. I already have algorithm for evaluating the shape (including anisotropic direction) of the reflection but I cannot manage to read the values I want in my sampleCube. I believe I have to use textureGrad(envmap, l_g, X, Y); with l_g being the reflection direction in global space but I cannot manage to find which values to give to X and Y in order to correctly specify the area I want to consider. What value should I give to X and Y in orther for textureGrad(envmap, l_g, X, Y); to give the same result as textureLod(envmap, l_g, specular_level);

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  • CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, May 23, 2014

    CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, May 23, 2014Popular Releasesbabelua: 1.5.5: V1.5.5 - 2014.5.23New feature: support lua5.1 keywords auto completion; debug message would write to output window now; editor outline combobox’s members now will sorting by the first letter; Stability improvement: fix a bug that when search in a file which not exists in current setting folder , result of switch relative path function would not correct; Some other bug fix;DotNet.Highcharts: DotNet.Highcharts 4.0 with Examples: DotNet.Highcharts 4.0 Tested and adapted to the latest version of Highcharts 4.0.1 Added new chart type: Heatmap Added new type PointPlacement which represents enumeration or number for the padding of the X axis. Changed target framework from .NET Framework 4 to .NET Framework 4.5. Closed issues: 974: Add 'overflow' property to PlotOptionsColumnDataLabels class 997: Split container from JS 1006: Series/Categories with numeric names don't render DotNet.Highcharts.Samples Updated s...String.Format Diagnostic (Roslyn): Diagnostic Format String (v1,3): In this release the tool is now capable of reporting multiple issues contained within the text of a formatstring. v1.3 Extends these capability to include if the formatstring argument is a String Constant. Validation Rules Supported Are the Argument Index supplied within range, of those supplied? Is the Argument Index less than the limit of 1000000 (This is defined inside of the .net framework's implementation) Is the Alignment with less than the limit of 1000 000 (This is define insid...Aspose for Apache POI: Missing Features of Apache POI SL - v 1.1: Release contain the Missing Features in Apache POI SL SDK in Comparison with Aspose.Slides for dealing with Microsoft Power Point. What's New ?Following Examples: Managing Slide Transitions Manage Smart Art Adding Media Player Adding Audio Frame to Slide Feedback and Suggestions Many more examples are yet to come here. Keep visiting us. Raise your queries and suggest more examples via Aspose Forums or via this social coding site.OSGi.NET: Asp.net MVC 4.0 integration v2.2: + Support AreaRegistrationPowerShell App Deployment Toolkit: PowerShell App Deployment Toolkit v3.1.3: Added CompressLogs option to the config file. Each Install / Uninstall creates a timestamped zip file with all MSI and PSAppDeployToolkit logs contained within Added variable expansion to all paths in the configuration file Added documentation for each of the Toolkit internal variables that can be used Changed Install-MSUpdates to continue if any errors are encountered when installing updates Implement /Force parameter on Update-GroupPolicy (ensure that any logoff message is ignored) ...WordMat: WordMat v. 1.07: A quick fix because scientific notation was broken in v. 1.06 read more at http://wordmat.blogspot.comConEmu - Windows console with tabs: ConEmu 140522 [Alpha]: ConEmu - developer build x86 and x64 versions. Written in C++, no additional packages required. Run "ConEmu.exe" or "ConEmu64.exe". Some useful information you may found: http://superuser.com/questions/tagged/conemu http://code.google.com/p/conemu-maximus5/wiki/ConEmuFAQ http://code.google.com/p/conemu-maximus5/wiki/TableOfContents If you want to use ConEmu in portable mode, just create empty "ConEmu.xml" file near to "ConEmu.exe" WebExtras: v1.4.0-Beta-1: Enh: Adding support for jQuery UI framework Enh: Adding support for jqPlot charting library Dropping dependency on MoreLinq library Note: Html.LabelForV2(...) extension method has now been deprecated. You should use Html.RequiredFieldLabelFor(...) extension method instead. This extension method will be removed in future versions.????: 《????》: 《????》(c???)??“????”???????,???????????????C?????????。???????,???????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????;????????????????????????????。Mini SQL Query: Mini SQL Query (1.0.72.457): Apologies for the previous update! FK issue fixed and also a template data cache issue.Wsus Package Publisher: Release v1.3.1405.17: Add Russian translation (thanks to VSharmanov) Fix a bug that make WPP to crash if the user click on "Connect/Reload" while the Report Tab is loading. Enhance the way WPP store the password for remote computers command.MoreTerra (Terraria World Viewer): More Terra 1.12.9: =========== = Compatibility = =========== Updated to account for new format 1.2.4.1 =========== = Issues = =========== all items have not been added. Some colors for new tiles may be off. I wanted to get this out so people have a usable program.LINQ to Twitter: LINQ to Twitter v3.0.3: Supports .NET 4.5x, Windows Phone 8.x, Windows 8.x, Windows Azure, Xamarin.Android, and Xamarin.iOS. New features include Status/Lookup, Mute APIs, and bug fixes. 100% Twitter API v1.1 coverage, Async, Portable Class Library (PCL).CS-Script for Notepad++ (C# intellisense and code execution): Release v1.0.26.0: Added access to the Release Notes during 'Check for Updates...'' Debug panels Added support for generic types members Members are grouped into 'Raw View' and 'Non-Public members' categories Implemented dedicated (array-like) view for Lists and Dictionaries http://download-codeplex.sec.s-msft.com/Download?ProjectName=csscriptnpp&DownloadId=846498ClosedXML - The easy way to OpenXML: ClosedXML 0.70.0: A lot of fixes. See history.TBox - tool to make developer's life easier.: TBox 1.29: Bug fixing. Add LocalizationTool pluginYAXLib: Yet Another XML Serialization Library for the .NET Framework: YAXLib 2.13: Fixed a bug and added unit tests related to serializing path like aliases with one letter (e.g., './B'). Thanks go to CodeProject user B.O.B. for reporting this bug. Added `Bin/*.dll.mdb` to `.gitignore`. Fixed the issue with Indexer properties. Indexers must not be serialized/deserialized. YAXLib will ignore delegate (callback/function pointer) properties, so that the exception upon serializing them is prevented. Significant improve in cycling object reference detection Self Referr...SFDL.NET: SFDL.NET (2.2.9.2): Changelog: Neues Icon Xup.in CnL Plugin BugfixSEToolbox: SEToolbox 01.030.008 Release 1: Fixed cube editor failing to apply color to cubes. Added to cube editor, replace cube dialog, and Build Percent dialog. Corrected for hidden asteroid ore, allowing rare ore to show when importing an asteroid, or converting a 3d model to an asteroid (still appears to be limitations on rare ore in small asteroids). Allowed ore selection to Asteroid file import. (Can copy/import and convert existing asteroid to another ore). Added progress bars to common long running operations. Fixed ...New ProjectsBlueCurve Search: BlueCurve is a small experimental search engine, implemented on top of Lucene. The goal is to test ways to create a powerfull search engine system framework.C64 Studio: C64 Studio is a .NET based IDE. The program supports project based C64 assembly and/or Basic V2 and is geared towards game development.ExpressToAbroad: ExpressToAbroadFarragoJS: A set of simple JavaScript functions: FarragoJS is a set of simple JavaScript functions offering features ranging from useful to totally pointless! But hey, there's a use for everything, right?fischetest: nothingIsDrone: Simple windows client for Parrot ar Drone. ??????? ?????? ??? Parrot ar Drone ??? Windows. Jewelry: this is project about auto generate codeMRBrowserLibrary: webbrowser control libraryQuan Ly Phong Tro DevExpress and LinQ: Quan Ly Phong Tro DevExpress + LinQUseless Games: JavaScript games written for practicing this wonderful language.?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????1992?,????????????????。??????????????????????。????????????,????,????????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????、??????????????????,???????.??????????,????????。 ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????,????????????,????????,???,???????????,????,????。?????,??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????,???????????,??????????,????:??,????,???????? ??????????,????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????1992?,????????????????。??????????????????????。????????????,????,????????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????,???????????,??????????,????:??,????,???????? ??????????,????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????,??????,??????,??????、??????,??????、??,????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????2005?,????????????????????,??????????,??????。?????,???????????????????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????,???????????,??????????,????:??,????,???????? ??????????,????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????,???????????,??????????,????:??,????,???????? ??????????,????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????2005?,????????????????????,??????????,??????。?????,???????????????????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????:??????!?????!???:????、????、????、????。??,??????????!??????. ??????-??????【??】??????????: ?????????????????????,??????,???????????,????????????????,????????.??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????:??????!?????!???:????、????、????、????。??,??????????!??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,????,????“???、???、???”?????,?????,?????????????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????,??????,??????,??????、??????,??????、??,????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????,??????,??????,??????、??????,??????、??,????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????????????????????,??????,???????????,????????????????,????????.??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????,????????????,????????,???,???????????,????,????。?????,??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????:??????!?????!???:????、????、????、????。??,??????????!??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????,??????,??????,??????、??????,??????、??,????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????????,????,?????、???、?????,???????,?????,???????????100%。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????2005?,????????????????????,??????????,??????。?????,???????????????????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,???????????,??????,??????????????...????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,???????????,??????,??????????????...????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????????,???,??????????、???????????????????。??????,????、????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????,??????,??????,??????、??????,??????、??,????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????????????????????,??????,???????????,????????????????,????????.??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,????,????“???、???、???”?????,?????,?????????????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????????????????????,??????,???????????,????????????????,????????.??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????1992?,????????????????。??????????????????????。????????????,????,????????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????、??????????????????,???????.??????????,????????。 ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????????,????,?????、???、?????,???????,?????,???????????100%。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????,???????????,??????????,????:??,????,???????? ??????????,????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????,????????????,????????,???,???????????,????,????。?????,??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????2005?,????????????????????,??????????,??????。?????,???????????????????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,???????????,??????,??????????????...????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,???????????,??????,??????????????...????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????,??????,??????,??????、??????,??????、??,????,??????! ??????-??????【??】??????????: ?????????????????????,??????,???????????,????????????????,????????.??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????:??????!?????!???:????、????、????、????。??,??????????!??????. ??????-??????【??】??????????: ????????,???????????,??????????,????:??,????,???????? ??????????,????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????????,????,?????、???、?????,???????,?????,???????????100%。??????! ?????-?????【???????????: ??????????????,????????????,????????,???,???????????,????,????。?????,??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????,????????????,????????,???,???????????,????,????。?????,??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????????,???,??????????、???????????????????。??????,????、????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????????????????????,???????????,??????,??????????????...????????。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ????????????,????,?????、???、?????,???????,?????,???????????100%。??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????1992?,????????????????。??????????????????????。????????????,????,????????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????、??????????????????,???????.??????????,????????。 ?????-?????【??】?????????: ???????2005?,????????????????????,??????????,??????。?????,???????????????????,??????! ?????-?????【??】?????????: ?????????????????????,??????,???????????,????????????????,????????.??????. ?????-?????【??】?????????: ??????????????????,???,??????????、???????????????????。??????,????、????,??????!

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  • Illumination and Shading for computer graphics class

    - by Sam I Am
    I am preparing for my test tomorrow and this is one of the practice questions. I solved it partially but I am confused with the rest. Here is the problem: Consider a gray world with no ambient and specular lighting ( only diffuse lighting). The screen coordinates of a triangle P1,P2,P3, are P1=(100,100), P2= (300,150), P3 = (200, 200). The gray values at P!,P2,P3 are 1/2, 3/4, and 1/4 respectively. The light is at infinity and its direction and gray color are (1,1,1) and 1.0 respectively. The coefficients of diffused reflection is 1/2. The normals of P1,P2,P3 are N1= (0,0,1), N2 = (1,0,0), and N3 = (0,1,0) respectively. Consider the coordinates of three points P1,P2,P3 to be 0. Do not normalize the normals. I have computed that the illumination at the 3 vertices P1,P2,P3 is (1/4,3/8,1/8). Also I computed that interpolation coefficients of a point P inside the triangle whose coordinates are (220, 160) are given by (1/5,2/5,2/5). Now I have 4 more questions regarding this problem. 1) The illumination at P using Gouraud Shading is: i) 1/2 The answer is 1/2, but I have no idea how to compute it.. 2) The interpolated normal at P is given by i) (2/5, 2/5,1/5) ii) (1/2, 1/4, 1/4) iii) (3/5, 1/5, 1/5) 3) The interpolated color at P is given by: i) 1/2 Again, I know the correct answer but no idea how to solve it 4) The illumination at P using Phong Shading is i) 1/4 ii) 9/40 iii) 1/2

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  • How to handle multiple effect files in XNA

    - by Adam 'Pi' Burch
    So I'm using ModelMesh and it's built in Effects parameter to draw a mesh with some shaders I'm playing with. I have a simple GUI that lets me change these parameters to my heart's desire. My question is, how do I handle shaders that have unique parameters? For example, I want a 'shiny' parameter that affects shaders with Phong-type specular components, but for an environment mapping shader such a parameter doesn't make a lot of sense. How I have it right now is that every time I call the ModelMesh's Draw() function, I set all the Effect parameters as so foreach (ModelMesh m in model.Meshes) { if (isDrawBunny == true)//Slightly change the way the world matrix is calculated if using the bunny object, since it is not quite centered in object space { world = boneTransforms[m.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateScale(scale) * rotation * Matrix.CreateTranslation(position + bunnyPositionTransform); } else //If not rendering the bunny, draw normally { world = boneTransforms[m.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateScale(scale) * rotation * Matrix.CreateTranslation(position); } foreach (Effect e in m.Effects) { Matrix ViewProjection = camera.ViewMatrix * camera.ProjectionMatrix; e.Parameters["ViewProjection"].SetValue(ViewProjection); e.Parameters["World"].SetValue(world); e.Parameters["diffuseLightPosition"].SetValue(lightPositionW); e.Parameters["CameraPosition"].SetValue(camera.Position); e.Parameters["LightColor"].SetValue(lightColor); e.Parameters["MaterialColor"].SetValue(materialColor); e.Parameters["shininess"].SetValue(shininess); //e.Parameters //e.Parameters["normal"] } m.Draw(); Note the prescience of the example! The solutions I've thought of involve preloading all the shaders, and updating the unique parameters as needed. So my question is, is there a best practice I'm missing here? Is there a way to pull the parameters a given Effect needs from that Effect? Thank you all for your time!

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  • OrbitFX: JavaFX 8 3D & NetBeans Platform in Space!

    - by Geertjan
    Here is a collection of screenshots from a proof of concept tool being developed by Nickolas Sabey and Sean Phillips from a.i. solutions. Before going further, read a great new article here written on java.net by Kevin Farnham, in light of the Duke's Choice Award (DCA) recently received at JavaOne 2013 by the a.i. solutions team. Here's Sean receiving the award on behalf of the a.i. solutions team, surrounded by the DCA selection committee and other officials: They won the DCA for helping facilitate and deploy the 2014 launch of NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, using JDK 7, the NetBeans Platform, and JavaFX to create the GEONS Ground Support System, helping reduce software development time by approximately 35%. The prototype tool that Nicklas and Sean are now working on uses JavaFX 3D with the NetBeans Platform and is nicknamed OrbitFX. Much of the early development is being done to experiment with different patterns, so that accuracy is currently not the goal. For example, you'll notice in the screenshots that the Earth is really close to the Sun, which is obviously not correct. The screenshots are generated using Java 8 build 111, together with NetBeans Platform 7.4. Inspired by various JavaOne demos using JavaFX 3D, Nick began development integrating them into their existing NetBeans Platform infrastructure. The 3D scene showing the Sun and Earth objects is all JavaFX 8 3D, demonstrating the use of Phong Material support, along with multiple light and camera objects. Each JavaFX component extends a JFXPanel type, so that each can easily be added to NetBeans Platform TopComponents. Right-clicking an item in the explorer view offers a context menu that animates and centers the 3D scene on the selected celestial body.  With each JavaFX scene component wrapped in a JFXPanel, they can easily be integrated into a NetBeans Platform Visual Library scene.  In this case, Nick and Sean are using an instance of their custom Slipstream PinGraphScene, which is an extension of the NetBeans Platform VMDGraphScene. Now, via the NetBeans Platform Visual Library, the OrbitFX celestial body viewer can be used in the same space as a WorldWind viewer, which is provided by a previously developed plugin. "This is a clear demonstration of the power of the NetBeans Platform as an application development framework," says Sean Phillips. "How else could you have so much rich application support placed literally side by side so easily?"

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  • Difference between the terms Material & Effect

    - by codey
    I'm making an effect system right now (I think, because it may be a material system... or both!). The effects system follows the common (e.g. COLLADA, DirectX) effect framework abstraction of Effects have Techniques, Techniques have Passes, Passes have States & Shader Programs. An effect, according to COLLADA, defines the equations necessary for the visual appearance of geometry and screen-space image processing. Keeping with the abstraction, effects contain techniques. Each effect can contain one or many techniques (i.e. ways to generate the effect), each of which describes a different method for rendering that effect. The technique could be relate to quality (e.g. high precision, high LOD, etc.), or in-game-situation (e.g. night/day, power-up-mode, etc.). Techniques hold a description of the textures, samplers, shaders, parameters, & passes necessary for rendering this effect using one method. Some algorithms require several passes to render the effect. Pipeline descriptions are broken into an ordered collection of Pass objects. A pass provides a static declaration of all the render states, shaders, & settings for "one rendering pipeline" (i.e. one pass). Meshes usually contain a series of materials that define the model. According to the COLLADA spec (again), a material instantiates an effect, fills its parameters with values, & selects a technique. But I see material defined differently in other places, such as just the Lambert, Blinn, Phong "material types/shaded surfaces", or as Metal, Plastic, Wood, etc. In game dev forums, people often talk about implementing a "material/effect system". Is the material not an instance of an effect? Ergo, if I had effect objects, stored in a collection, & each effect instance object with there own parameter setting, then there is no need for the concept of a material... Or am I interpreting it wrong? Please help by contributing your interpretations as I want to be clear on a distinction (if any), & don't want to miss out on the concept of a material if it should be implemented to follow the abstraction of the DirectX FX framework & COLLADA definitions closely.

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  • 256 Windows Azure Worker Roles, Windows Kinect and a 90's Text-Based Ray-Tracer

    - by Alan Smith
    For a couple of years I have been demoing a simple render farm hosted in Windows Azure using worker roles and the Azure Storage service. At the start of the presentation I deploy an Azure application that uses 16 worker roles to render a 1,500 frame 3D ray-traced animation. At the end of the presentation, when the animation was complete, I would play the animation delete the Azure deployment. The standing joke with the audience was that it was that it was a “$2 demo”, as the compute charges for running the 16 instances for an hour was $1.92, factor in the bandwidth charges and it’s a couple of dollars. The point of the demo is that it highlights one of the great benefits of cloud computing, you pay for what you use, and if you need massive compute power for a short period of time using Windows Azure can work out very cost effective. The “$2 demo” was great for presenting at user groups and conferences in that it could be deployed to Azure, used to render an animation, and then removed in a one hour session. I have always had the idea of doing something a bit more impressive with the demo, and scaling it from a “$2 demo” to a “$30 demo”. The challenge was to create a visually appealing animation in high definition format and keep the demo time down to one hour.  This article will take a run through how I achieved this. Ray Tracing Ray tracing, a technique for generating high quality photorealistic images, gained popularity in the 90’s with companies like Pixar creating feature length computer animations, and also the emergence of shareware text-based ray tracers that could run on a home PC. In order to render a ray traced image, the ray of light that would pass from the view point must be tracked until it intersects with an object. At the intersection, the color, reflectiveness, transparency, and refractive index of the object are used to calculate if the ray will be reflected or refracted. Each pixel may require thousands of calculations to determine what color it will be in the rendered image. Pin-Board Toys Having very little artistic talent and a basic understanding of maths I decided to focus on an animation that could be modeled fairly easily and would look visually impressive. I’ve always liked the pin-board desktop toys that become popular in the 80’s and when I was working as a 3D animator back in the 90’s I always had the idea of creating a 3D ray-traced animation of a pin-board, but never found the energy to do it. Even if I had a go at it, the render time to produce an animation that would look respectable on a 486 would have been measured in months. PolyRay Back in 1995 I landed my first real job, after spending three years being a beach-ski-climbing-paragliding-bum, and was employed to create 3D ray-traced animations for a CD-ROM that school kids would use to learn physics. I had got into the strange and wonderful world of text-based ray tracing, and was using a shareware ray-tracer called PolyRay. PolyRay takes a text file describing a scene as input and, after a few hours processing on a 486, produced a high quality ray-traced image. The following is an example of a basic PolyRay scene file. background Midnight_Blue   static define matte surface { ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.7 } define matte_white texture { matte { color white } } define matte_black texture { matte { color dark_slate_gray } } define position_cylindrical 3 define lookup_sawtooth 1 define light_wood <0.6, 0.24, 0.1> define median_wood <0.3, 0.12, 0.03> define dark_wood <0.05, 0.01, 0.005>     define wooden texture { noise surface { ambient 0.2  diffuse 0.7  specular white, 0.5 microfacet Reitz 10 position_fn position_cylindrical position_scale 1  lookup_fn lookup_sawtooth octaves 1 turbulence 1 color_map( [0.0, 0.2, light_wood, light_wood] [0.2, 0.3, light_wood, median_wood] [0.3, 0.4, median_wood, light_wood] [0.4, 0.7, light_wood, light_wood] [0.7, 0.8, light_wood, median_wood] [0.8, 0.9, median_wood, light_wood] [0.9, 1.0, light_wood, dark_wood]) } } define glass texture { surface { ambient 0 diffuse 0 specular 0.2 reflection white, 0.1 transmission white, 1, 1.5 }} define shiny surface { ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.6 specular white, 0.6 microfacet Phong 7  } define steely_blue texture { shiny { color black } } define chrome texture { surface { color white ambient 0.0 diffuse 0.2 specular 0.4 microfacet Phong 10 reflection 0.8 } }   viewpoint {     from <4.000, -1.000, 1.000> at <0.000, 0.000, 0.000> up <0, 1, 0> angle 60     resolution 640, 480 aspect 1.6 image_format 0 }       light <-10, 30, 20> light <-10, 30, -20>   object { disc <0, -2, 0>, <0, 1, 0>, 30 wooden }   object { sphere <0.000, 0.000, 0.000>, 1.00 chrome } object { cylinder <0.000, 0.000, 0.000>, <0.000, 0.000, -4.000>, 0.50 chrome }   After setting up the background and defining colors and textures, the viewpoint is specified. The “camera” is located at a point in 3D space, and it looks towards another point. The angle, image resolution, and aspect ratio are specified. Two lights are present in the image at defined coordinates. The three objects in the image are a wooden disc to represent a table top, and a sphere and cylinder that intersect to form a pin that will be used for the pin board toy in the final animation. When the image is rendered, the following image is produced. The pins are modeled with a chrome surface, so they reflect the environment around them. Note that the scale of the pin shaft is not correct, this will be fixed later. Modeling the Pin Board The frame of the pin-board is made up of three boxes, and six cylinders, the front box is modeled using a clear, slightly reflective solid, with the same refractive index of glass. The other shapes are modeled as metal. object { box <-5.5, -1.5, 1>, <5.5, 5.5, 1.2> glass } object { box <-5.5, -1.5, -0.04>, <5.5, 5.5, -0.09> steely_blue } object { box <-5.5, -1.5, -0.52>, <5.5, 5.5, -0.59> steely_blue } object { cylinder <-5.2, -1.2, 1.4>, <-5.2, -1.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <5.2, -1.2, 1.4>, <5.2, -1.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <-5.2, 5.2, 1.4>, <-5.2, 5.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <5.2, 5.2, 1.4>, <5.2, 5.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <0, -1.2, 1.4>, <0, -1.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <0, 5.2, 1.4>, <0, 5.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue }   In order to create the matrix of pins that make up the pin board I used a basic console application with a few nested loops to create two intersecting matrixes of pins, which models the layout used in the pin boards. The resulting image is shown below. The pin board contains 11,481 pins, with the scene file containing 23,709 lines of code. For the complete animation 2,000 scene files will be created, which is over 47 million lines of code. Each pin in the pin-board will slide out a specific distance when an object is pressed into the back of the board. This is easily modeled by setting the Z coordinate of the pin to a specific value. In order to set all of the pins in the pin-board to the correct position, a bitmap image can be used. The position of the pin can be set based on the color of the pixel at the appropriate position in the image. When the Windows Azure logo is used to set the Z coordinate of the pins, the following image is generated. The challenge now was to make a cool animation. The Azure Logo is fine, but it is static. Using a normal video to animate the pins would not work; the colors in the video would not be the same as the depth of the objects from the camera. In order to simulate the pin board accurately a series of frames from a depth camera could be used. Windows Kinect The Kenect controllers for the X-Box 360 and Windows feature a depth camera. The Kinect SDK for Windows provides a programming interface for Kenect, providing easy access for .NET developers to the Kinect sensors. The Kinect Explorer provided with the Kinect SDK is a great starting point for exploring Kinect from a developers perspective. Both the X-Box 360 Kinect and the Windows Kinect will work with the Kinect SDK, the Windows Kinect is required for commercial applications, but the X-Box Kinect can be used for hobby projects. The Windows Kinect has the advantage of providing a mode to allow depth capture with objects closer to the camera, which makes for a more accurate depth image for setting the pin positions. Creating a Depth Field Animation The depth field animation used to set the positions of the pin in the pin board was created using a modified version of the Kinect Explorer sample application. In order to simulate the pin board accurately, a small section of the depth range from the depth sensor will be used. Any part of the object in front of the depth range will result in a white pixel; anything behind the depth range will be black. Within the depth range the pixels in the image will be set to RGB values from 0,0,0 to 255,255,255. A screen shot of the modified Kinect Explorer application is shown below. The Kinect Explorer sample application was modified to include slider controls that are used to set the depth range that forms the image from the depth stream. This allows the fine tuning of the depth image that is required for simulating the position of the pins in the pin board. The Kinect Explorer was also modified to record a series of images from the depth camera and save them as a sequence JPEG files that will be used to animate the pins in the animation the Start and Stop buttons are used to start and stop the image recording. En example of one of the depth images is shown below. Once a series of 2,000 depth images has been captured, the task of creating the animation can begin. Rendering a Test Frame In order to test the creation of frames and get an approximation of the time required to render each frame a test frame was rendered on-premise using PolyRay. The output of the rendering process is shown below. The test frame contained 23,629 primitive shapes, most of which are the spheres and cylinders that are used for the 11,800 or so pins in the pin board. The 1280x720 image contains 921,600 pixels, but as anti-aliasing was used the number of rays that were calculated was 4,235,777, with 3,478,754,073 object boundaries checked. The test frame of the pin board with the depth field image applied is shown below. The tracing time for the test frame was 4 minutes 27 seconds, which means rendering the2,000 frames in the animation would take over 148 hours, or a little over 6 days. Although this is much faster that an old 486, waiting almost a week to see the results of an animation would make it challenging for animators to create, view, and refine their animations. It would be much better if the animation could be rendered in less than one hour. Windows Azure Worker Roles The cost of creating an on-premise render farm to render animations increases in proportion to the number of servers. The table below shows the cost of servers for creating a render farm, assuming a cost of $500 per server. Number of Servers Cost 1 $500 16 $8,000 256 $128,000   As well as the cost of the servers, there would be additional costs for networking, racks etc. Hosting an environment of 256 servers on-premise would require a server room with cooling, and some pretty hefty power cabling. The Windows Azure compute services provide worker roles, which are ideal for performing processor intensive compute tasks. With the scalability available in Windows Azure a job that takes 256 hours to complete could be perfumed using different numbers of worker roles. The time and cost of using 1, 16 or 256 worker roles is shown below. Number of Worker Roles Render Time Cost 1 256 hours $30.72 16 16 hours $30.72 256 1 hour $30.72   Using worker roles in Windows Azure provides the same cost for the 256 hour job, irrespective of the number of worker roles used. Provided the compute task can be broken down into many small units, and the worker role compute power can be used effectively, it makes sense to scale the application so that the task is completed quickly, making the results available in a timely fashion. The task of rendering 2,000 frames in an animation is one that can easily be broken down into 2,000 individual pieces, which can be performed by a number of worker roles. Creating a Render Farm in Windows Azure The architecture of the render farm is shown in the following diagram. The render farm is a hybrid application with the following components: ·         On-Premise o   Windows Kinect – Used combined with the Kinect Explorer to create a stream of depth images. o   Animation Creator – This application uses the depth images from the Kinect sensor to create scene description files for PolyRay. These files are then uploaded to the jobs blob container, and job messages added to the jobs queue. o   Process Monitor – This application queries the role instance lifecycle table and displays statistics about the render farm environment and render process. o   Image Downloader – This application polls the image queue and downloads the rendered animation files once they are complete. ·         Windows Azure o   Azure Storage – Queues and blobs are used for the scene description files and completed frames. A table is used to store the statistics about the rendering environment.   The architecture of each worker role is shown below.   The worker role is configured to use local storage, which provides file storage on the worker role instance that can be use by the applications to render the image and transform the format of the image. The service definition for the worker role with the local storage configuration highlighted is shown below. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceDefinition name="CloudRay" >   <WorkerRole name="CloudRayWorkerRole" vmsize="Small">     <Imports>     </Imports>     <ConfigurationSettings>       <Setting name="DataConnectionString" />     </ConfigurationSettings>     <LocalResources>       <LocalStorage name="RayFolder" cleanOnRoleRecycle="true" />     </LocalResources>   </WorkerRole> </ServiceDefinition>     The two executable programs, PolyRay.exe and DTA.exe are included in the Azure project, with Copy Always set as the property. PolyRay will take the scene description file and render it to a Truevision TGA file. As the TGA format has not seen much use since the mid 90’s it is converted to a JPG image using Dave's Targa Animator, another shareware application from the 90’s. Each worker roll will use the following process to render the animation frames. 1.       The worker process polls the job queue, if a job is available the scene description file is downloaded from blob storage to local storage. 2.       PolyRay.exe is started in a process with the appropriate command line arguments to render the image as a TGA file. 3.       DTA.exe is started in a process with the appropriate command line arguments convert the TGA file to a JPG file. 4.       The JPG file is uploaded from local storage to the images blob container. 5.       A message is placed on the images queue to indicate a new image is available for download. 6.       The job message is deleted from the job queue. 7.       The role instance lifecycle table is updated with statistics on the number of frames rendered by the worker role instance, and the CPU time used. The code for this is shown below. public override void Run() {     // Set environment variables     string polyRayPath = Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), PolyRayLocation);     string dtaPath = Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), DTALocation);       LocalResource rayStorage = RoleEnvironment.GetLocalResource("RayFolder");     string localStorageRootPath = rayStorage.RootPath;       JobQueue jobQueue = new JobQueue("renderjobs");     JobQueue downloadQueue = new JobQueue("renderimagedownloadjobs");     CloudRayBlob sceneBlob = new CloudRayBlob("scenes");     CloudRayBlob imageBlob = new CloudRayBlob("images");     RoleLifecycleDataSource roleLifecycleDataSource = new RoleLifecycleDataSource();       Frames = 0;       while (true)     {         // Get the render job from the queue         CloudQueueMessage jobMsg = jobQueue.Get();           if (jobMsg != null)         {             // Get the file details             string sceneFile = jobMsg.AsString;             string tgaFile = sceneFile.Replace(".pi", ".tga");             string jpgFile = sceneFile.Replace(".pi", ".jpg");               string sceneFilePath = Path.Combine(localStorageRootPath, sceneFile);             string tgaFilePath = Path.Combine(localStorageRootPath, tgaFile);             string jpgFilePath = Path.Combine(localStorageRootPath, jpgFile);               // Copy the scene file to local storage             sceneBlob.DownloadFile(sceneFilePath);               // Run the ray tracer.             string polyrayArguments =                 string.Format("\"{0}\" -o \"{1}\" -a 2", sceneFilePath, tgaFilePath);             Process polyRayProcess = new Process();             polyRayProcess.StartInfo.FileName =                 Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), polyRayPath);             polyRayProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = polyrayArguments;             polyRayProcess.Start();             polyRayProcess.WaitForExit();               // Convert the image             string dtaArguments =                 string.Format(" {0} /FJ /P{1}", tgaFilePath, Path.GetDirectoryName (jpgFilePath));             Process dtaProcess = new Process();             dtaProcess.StartInfo.FileName =                 Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), dtaPath);             dtaProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = dtaArguments;             dtaProcess.Start();             dtaProcess.WaitForExit();               // Upload the image to blob storage             imageBlob.UploadFile(jpgFilePath);               // Add a download job.             downloadQueue.Add(jpgFile);               // Delete the render job message             jobQueue.Delete(jobMsg);               Frames++;         }         else         {             Thread.Sleep(1000);         }           // Log the worker role activity.         roleLifecycleDataSource.Alive             ("CloudRayWorker", RoleLifecycleDataSource.RoleLifecycleId, Frames);     } }     Monitoring Worker Role Instance Lifecycle In order to get more accurate statistics about the lifecycle of the worker role instances used to render the animation data was tracked in an Azure storage table. The following class was used to track the worker role lifecycles in Azure storage.   public class RoleLifecycle : TableServiceEntity {     public string ServerName { get; set; }     public string Status { get; set; }     public DateTime StartTime { get; set; }     public DateTime EndTime { get; set; }     public long SecondsRunning { get; set; }     public DateTime LastActiveTime { get; set; }     public int Frames { get; set; }     public string Comment { get; set; }       public RoleLifecycle()     {     }       public RoleLifecycle(string roleName)     {         PartitionKey = roleName;         RowKey = Utils.GetAscendingRowKey();         Status = "Started";         StartTime = DateTime.UtcNow;         LastActiveTime = StartTime;         EndTime = StartTime;         SecondsRunning = 0;         Frames = 0;     } }     A new instance of this class is created and added to the storage table when the role starts. It is then updated each time the worker renders a frame to record the total number of frames rendered and the total processing time. These statistics are used be the monitoring application to determine the effectiveness of use of resources in the render farm. Rendering the Animation The Azure solution was deployed to Windows Azure with the service configuration set to 16 worker role instances. This allows for the application to be tested in the cloud environment, and the performance of the application determined. When I demo the application at conferences and user groups I often start with 16 instances, and then scale up the application to the full 256 instances. The configuration to run 16 instances is shown below. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceConfiguration serviceName="CloudRay" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration" osFamily="1" osVersion="*">   <Role name="CloudRayWorkerRole">     <Instances count="16" />     <ConfigurationSettings>       <Setting name="DataConnectionString"         value="DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=cloudraydata;AccountKey=..." />     </ConfigurationSettings>   </Role> </ServiceConfiguration>     About six minutes after deploying the application the first worker roles become active and start to render the first frames of the animation. The CloudRay Monitor application displays an icon for each worker role instance, with a number indicating the number of frames that the worker role has rendered. The statistics on the left show the number of active worker roles and statistics about the render process. The render time is the time since the first worker role became active; the CPU time is the total amount of processing time used by all worker role instances to render the frames.   Five minutes after the first worker role became active the last of the 16 worker roles activated. By this time the first seven worker roles had each rendered one frame of the animation.   With 16 worker roles u and running it can be seen that one hour and 45 minutes CPU time has been used to render 32 frames with a render time of just under 10 minutes.     At this rate it would take over 10 hours to render the 2,000 frames of the full animation. In order to complete the animation in under an hour more processing power will be required. Scaling the render farm from 16 instances to 256 instances is easy using the new management portal. The slider is set to 256 instances, and the configuration saved. We do not need to re-deploy the application, and the 16 instances that are up and running will not be affected. Alternatively, the configuration file for the Azure service could be modified to specify 256 instances.   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceConfiguration serviceName="CloudRay" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration" osFamily="1" osVersion="*">   <Role name="CloudRayWorkerRole">     <Instances count="256" />     <ConfigurationSettings>       <Setting name="DataConnectionString"         value="DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=cloudraydata;AccountKey=..." />     </ConfigurationSettings>   </Role> </ServiceConfiguration>     Six minutes after the new configuration has been applied 75 new worker roles have activated and are processing their first frames.   Five minutes later the full configuration of 256 worker roles is up and running. We can see that the average rate of frame rendering has increased from 3 to 12 frames per minute, and that over 17 hours of CPU time has been utilized in 23 minutes. In this test the time to provision 140 worker roles was about 11 minutes, which works out at about one every five seconds.   We are now half way through the rendering, with 1,000 frames complete. This has utilized just under three days of CPU time in a little over 35 minutes.   The animation is now complete, with 2,000 frames rendered in a little over 52 minutes. The CPU time used by the 256 worker roles is 6 days, 7 hours and 22 minutes with an average frame rate of 38 frames per minute. The rendering of the last 1,000 frames took 16 minutes 27 seconds, which works out at a rendering rate of 60 frames per minute. The frame counts in the server instances indicate that the use of a queue to distribute the workload has been very effective in distributing the load across the 256 worker role instances. The first 16 instances that were deployed first have rendered between 11 and 13 frames each, whilst the 240 instances that were added when the application was scaled have rendered between 6 and 9 frames each.   Completed Animation I’ve uploaded the completed animation to YouTube, a low resolution preview is shown below. Pin Board Animation Created using Windows Kinect and 256 Windows Azure Worker Roles   The animation can be viewed in 1280x720 resolution at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5jy6bvSxWc Effective Use of Resources According to the CloudRay monitor statistics the animation took 6 days, 7 hours and 22 minutes CPU to render, this works out at 152 hours of compute time, rounded up to the nearest hour. As the usage for the worker role instances are billed for the full hour, it may have been possible to render the animation using fewer than 256 worker roles. When deciding the optimal usage of resources, the time required to provision and start the worker roles must also be considered. In the demo I started with 16 worker roles, and then scaled the application to 256 worker roles. It would have been more optimal to start the application with maybe 200 worker roles, and utilized the full hour that I was being billed for. This would, however, have prevented showing the ease of scalability of the application. The new management portal displays the CPU usage across the worker roles in the deployment. The average CPU usage across all instances is 93.27%, with over 99% used when all the instances are up and running. This shows that the worker role resources are being used very effectively. Grid Computing Scenarios Although I am using this scenario for a hobby project, there are many scenarios where a large amount of compute power is required for a short period of time. Windows Azure provides a great platform for developing these types of grid computing applications, and can work out very cost effective. ·         Windows Azure can provide massive compute power, on demand, in a matter of minutes. ·         The use of queues to manage the load balancing of jobs between role instances is a simple and effective solution. ·         Using a cloud-computing platform like Windows Azure allows proof-of-concept scenarios to be tested and evaluated on a very low budget. ·         No charges for inbound data transfer makes the uploading of large data sets to Windows Azure Storage services cost effective. (Transaction charges still apply.) Tips for using Windows Azure for Grid Computing Scenarios I found the implementation of a render farm using Windows Azure a fairly simple scenario to implement. I was impressed by ease of scalability that Azure provides, and by the short time that the application took to scale from 16 to 256 worker role instances. In this case it was around 13 minutes, in other tests it took between 10 and 20 minutes. The following tips may be useful when implementing a grid computing project in Windows Azure. ·         Using an Azure Storage queue to load-balance the units of work across multiple worker roles is simple and very effective. The design I have used in this scenario could easily scale to many thousands of worker role instances. ·         Windows Azure accounts are typically limited to 20 cores. If you need to use more than this, a call to support and a credit card check will be required. ·         Be aware of how the billing model works. You will be charged for worker role instances for the full clock our in which the instance is deployed. Schedule the workload to start just after the clock hour has started. ·         Monitor the utilization of the resources you are provisioning, ensure that you are not paying for worker roles that are idle. ·         If you are deploying third party applications to worker roles, you may well run into licensing issues. Purchasing software licenses on a per-processor basis when using hundreds of processors for a short time period would not be cost effective. ·         Third party software may also require installation onto the worker roles, which can be accomplished using start-up tasks. Bear in mind that adding a startup task and possible re-boot will add to the time required for the worker role instance to start and activate. An alternative may be to use a prepared VM and use VM roles. ·         Consider using the Windows Azure Autoscaling Application Block (WASABi) to autoscale the worker roles in your application. When using a large number of worker roles, the utilization must be carefully monitored, if the scaling algorithms are not optimal it could get very expensive!

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  • CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, June 12, 2013

    CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, June 12, 2013Popular ReleasesWeb Pages CMS: 0.5.0.5: Added empty media directoryWindows 8 App Desing Reference Template: Education Big Picture: EducationBigPicture: Download includes the following -> Source (C# and JS) -> Package -> Snapshots -> DocumentationModern UI for WPF: Modern UI 1.0.4: The ModernUI assembly including a demo app demonstrating the various features of Modern UI for WPF. Related downloads NuGet ModernUI for WPF is also available as NuGet package in the NuGet gallery, id: ModernUI.WPF Download Modern UI for WPF Templates A Visual Studio 2012 extension containing a collection of project and item templates for Modern UI for WPF. The extension includes the ModernUI.WPF NuGet package. DownloadToolbox for Dynamics CRM 2011: XrmToolBox (v1.2013.6.11): XrmToolbox improvement Add exception handling when loading plugins Updated information panel for displaying two lines of text Tools improvementMetadata Document Generator (v1.2013.6.10)New tool Web Resources Manager (v1.2013.6.11)Retrieve list of unused web resources Retrieve web resources from a solution All tools listAccess Checker (v1.2013.2.5) Attribute Bulk Updater (v1.2013.1.17) FetchXml Tester (v1.2013.3.4) Iconator (v1.2013.1.17) Metadata Document Generator (v1.2013.6.10) Privilege...Document.Editor: 2013.23: What's new for Document.Editor 2013.23: New Insert Emoticon support Improved Format support Minor Bug Fix's, improvements and speed upsChristoc's DotNetNuke Module Development Template: DotNetNuke 7 Project Templates V2.4 for VS2012: V2.4 - Release Date 6/10/2013 Items addressed in this 2.4 release Updated MSBuild Community Tasks reference to 1.4.0.61 Setting up your DotNetNuke Module Development Environment Installing Christoc's DotNetNuke Module Development Templates Customizing the latest DotNetNuke Module Development Project TemplatesLayered Architecture Sample for .NET: Leave Sample - June 2013 (for .NET 4.5): Thank You for downloading Layered Architecture Sample. Please read the accompanying README.txt file for setup and installation instructions. This is the first set of a series of revised samples that will be released to illustrate the layered architecture design pattern. This version is only supported on Visual Studio 2012. This samples illustrates the use of ASP.NET Web Forms, ASP.NET Model Binding, Windows Communications Foundation (WCF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) and Microsoft Ente...Papercut: Papercut 2013-6-10: Feature: Shows From, To, Date and Subject of Email. Feature: Async UI and loading spinner. Enhancement: Improved speed when loading large attachments. Enhancement: Decoupled SMTP server into secondary assembly. Enhancement: Upgraded to .NET v4. Fix: Messages lost when received very fast. Fix: Email encoding issues on display/Automatically detect message Encoding Installation Note:Installation is copy and paste. Incoming messages are written to the start-up directory of Papercut. If you do n...SFDL.NET: SFDL.NET v1.1.0.4: Changelog: Ciritical Bug Fixed : Downloading of Files not possibleMapWinGIS ActiveX Map and GIS Component: MapWinGIS v4.8.8 Release Candidate - 32 Bit: This is the first release candidate of MapWinGIS. Please test it thoroughly.MapWindow 4: MapWindow GIS v4.8.8 - Release Candidate - 32Bit: Download the release notes here: http://svn.mapwindow.org/svnroot/MapWindow4Dev/Bin/MapWindowNotes.rtfLINQ to Twitter: LINQ to Twitter v2.1.06: Supports .NET 3.5, .NET 4.0, .NET 4.5, Silverlight 4.0, Windows Phone 7.1, Windows Phone 8, Client Profile, Windows 8, and Windows Azure. 100% Twitter API coverage. Also supports Twitter API v1.1! Also on NuGet.VR Player: VR Player 0.3 ALPHA: New plugin system with individual folders TrackIR support Maya and 3ds max formats support Dual screen support Mono layouts (left and right) Cylinder height parameter Barel effect factor parameter Razer hydra filter parameter VRPN bug fixes UI improvements Performances improvements Stabilization and logging with Log4Net New default values base on users feedback CTRL key to open menuSimCityPak: SimCityPak 0.1.0.8: SimCityPak 0.1.0.8 New features: Import BMP color palettes for vehicles Import RASTER file (uncompressed 8.8.8.8 DDS files) View different channels of RASTER files or preview of all layers combined Find text in javascripts TGA viewer Ground textures added to lot editor Many additional identified instances and propertiesWsus Package Publisher: Release v1.2.1306.09: Add more verifications on certificate validation. WPP will not let user to try publishing an update until the certificate is valid. Add certificate expiration date on the 'About' form. Filter Approbation to avoid a user to try to approve an update for uninstallation when the update do not support uninstallation. Add the server and console version on the 'About' form. WPP will not let user to publish an update until the server and console are not at the same level. WPP do not let user ...AJAX Control Toolkit: June 2013 Release: AJAX Control Toolkit Release Notes - June 2013 Release Version 7.0607June 2013 release of the AJAX Control Toolkit. AJAX Control Toolkit .NET 4.5 – AJAX Control Toolkit for .NET 4.5 and sample site (Recommended). AJAX Control Toolkit .NET 4 – AJAX Control Toolkit for .NET 4 and sample site (Recommended). AJAX Control Toolkit .NET 3.5 – AJAX Control Toolkit for .NET 3.5 and sample site (Recommended). Notes: - Instructions for using the AJAX Control Toolkit with ASP.NET 4.5 can be found at...Rawr: Rawr 5.2.1: This is the Downloadable WPF version of Rawr!For web-based version see http://elitistjerks.com/rawr.php You can find the version notes at: http://rawr.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=VersionNotes Rawr Addon (NOT UPDATED YET FOR MOP)We now have a Rawr Official Addon for in-game exporting and importing of character data hosted on Curse. The Addon does not perform calculations like Rawr, it simply shows your exported Rawr data in wow tooltips and lets you export your character to Rawr (including ba...VG-Ripper & PG-Ripper: PG-Ripper 1.4.13: changes NEW: Added Support for "ImageJumbo.com" links FIXED: Ripping of Threads with multiple pagesJson.NET: Json.NET 5.0 Release 6: New feature - Added serialized/deserialized JSON to verbose tracing New feature - Added support for using type name handling with ISerializable content Fix - Fixed not using default serializer settings with primitive values and JToken.ToObject Fix - Fixed error writing BigIntegers with JsonWriter.WriteToken Fix - Fixed serializing and deserializing flag enums with EnumMember attribute Fix - Fixed error deserializing interfaces with a valid type converter Fix - Fixed error deser...Biller: Biller 1.49: This release fixes company sales statisticsNew Projectsapiviewer: Documentation viewer for your service API.ArgusLib: Set of libraries I use in most of my projects.arwani: this is armani project.Blue Mercs Data Gateway: The Data Gateway is an open source project which simplifies coding fluently database SQL statements, stored procedure, connections and transactions.Convert Hashtable Rows into DataTable Columns in C#: Simplest way to convert a Hashtable into a DataTable with all the Hashtable rows converted into DataTable columns.everynet: EveryNet is an internet service provider servicing homes Fraktalysator: Software to visualize fractals such as the Mandelbrot Set. Still in early development state.Free BarCode API for .NET: Freee BarCode API for .NETGraphic filters in WPF: FiltersGrid Plugin: Grid Plugin , Turn your <table> into a fully functional price grid.mediamonitor: this is mediamonitor project.MyCodingStuffs: This solution includes C#, WCF, MVC4.0, ASP.net libraries.OpenErp .Net Connector: Access to OpenErp from .NetPhong and Flat shading: Phong shadingPixel Replacer: The Pixel Replacer is a simple library for replacing pixel colors with a new color, by setting a filter rule.plainetl in vb.net: a one db to another db transform, threaded, commandline tool, ... initially created to get a flat-File db (FoxPro) into a mssql.Programming in HTML5 with JavaScript and CSS3: Contains material developed while visiting a Microsoft course for the MCSD exam 70-480ProjectLinker2012: This tool helps to automatically create and maintain links from a source project to a target project to share code that is common to Silverlight and WPF.SALDERA Project: SALDERA TEST Project Summary Mire lesz ez jó? Majd Kiderül.TCPMessageServer: Simple TCP Client/Server used to pass an object between client and serverThats-Me Dot Net API: Thats-Me Dot Net API is a library which implements the Thats-Me.ch API for the Dot Net Framework.T-Sql Code Documentor: Document T-SQL Code and Extract Comments for all objects in a database.Windows 8 App Design Reference Template: Measurement: Measurement template will help if you want to build an app which addresses Mass/Weight, Distance/Length, Capacity/Volume etc. measurement placeholders.Windows 8 App Design Reference Template: Weather Clock: Weather Clock Template will help if you want to build an app which has the features to add Current/Previous day temperatures and add cities for coverage. Windows 8 App Desing Reference Template: Education Big Picture: Education Big Picture Template will help if you want to build an app which has an option for showcasing campus details, courses, student life etc dataWinodws 8 App Design Reference Template: Social Feed: Social Feed template will help if you want to build an app which has the Messaging, Facebook, twitter feeds sections. WP7FlacPlayer: Implemented JFlacLib in C# A simple player to play flac in windows phone system

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