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  • Difference between "Data Binding'","Data Hiding","Data Wraping" and "Encapsulation"?

    - by krishna Chandra
    I have been studying the conpects of Object oriented programming. Still I am not able to distinguish between the following concepts of object oriented programming.. a) Data Binding b) Data Hiding c) Data Wrapping d) encapsulation e) Data Abstraction I have gone through a lot of books ,and I also search the difference in google. but still I am not able to make the difference between these? Could anyone please help me ?

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  • Should testers approve releases, or just report on tests?

    - by Ernest Friedman-Hill
    Does it make sense to give signoff authority to testers? Should a test team Just test features, issues, etc, and simply report on a pass/fail basis, leaving it up to others to act on those results, or Have authority to hold up releases themselves based on those results? In other words, should testers be required to actually sign off on releases? The testing team I'm working with feels that they do, and we're having an issue with this because of "testing scope creep" -- the refusal to approve releases is sometimes based on issues explicitly not addressed by the release in question.

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  • How to translate formulas into form of natural language?

    - by Ricky
    I am recently working on a project aiming at evaluating whether an android app crashes or not. The evaluation process is 1.Collect the logs(which record the execution process of an app). 2.Generate formulas to predict the result (formulas is generated by GP) 3.Evaluate the logs by formulas Now I can produce formulas, but for convenience for users, I want to translate formulas into form of natural language and tell users why crash happened.(I think it looks like "inverse natural language processing".) To explain the idea more clearly, imagine you got a formula like this: 155 - count(onKeyDown) >= 148 It's obvious that if count(onKeyDown) 7, the result of "155 - count(onKeyDown) = 148" is false, so the log contains more than 7 onKeyDown event would be predicted "Failed". I want to show users that if onKeyDown event appears more than 7 times(155-148=7), this app will crash. However, the real formula is much more complicated, such as: (< !( ( SUM( {Att[17]}, Event[5]) <= MAX( {Att[7]}, Att[0] >= Att[11]) OR SUM( {Att[17]}, Event[5]) > MIN( {Att[12]}, 734 > Att[19]) ) OR count(Event[5]) != 1 ) > (< count(Att[4] = Att[3]) >= count(702 != Att[8]) + 348 / SUM( {Att[13]}, 641 < Att[12]) mod 587 - SUM( {Att[13]}, Att[10] < Att[15]) mod MAX( {Att[13]}, Event[2]) + 384 > count(Event[10]) != 1)) I tried to implement this function by C++, but it's quite difficult, here's the snippet of code I am working right now. Does anyone knows how to implement this function quickly?(maybe by some tools or research findings?)Any idea is welcomed: ) Thanks in advance.

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  • Small-scale database options for .NET

    - by raney
    I have a .NET 4.0/WPF based application I've developed and maintain for my company that acts as a friendly GUI central-point-of-information, combining information pulled from a couple of SQL databases, as well as CSV exports from a few other applications. I would like to build out my own database to support the entirety of the information that the application accesses, so that I could have a service running on my server that would read in necessary remote SQL info and file exports, to provide the user's application with a single database to connect to, as well as to remove all of the file handling currently involved in the program (copying new CSV resources from network location, reading them into memory each launch.) I have complete control and flexibility here as long as the user's experience isn't affected, and this is as much a learning experience as it is tidying up. Caveat being, I don't have much in the way of a budget. Right now I recognize my options to be: SQL Express - I'm comfortable with the server setup, I like ADO.NET and LINQ to SQL. I feel that I have the least to learn here, but it would let me focus on SQL in a familiar environment. Perhaps in conjunction with Entity Framework? MongoDB - I don't know a whole lot about, but I've heard the name enough to make me curious. Brief research seems friendly enough, and there is .NET support. I like working with open source projects. My questions are: What's popular and extensible right now? I'm not far from starting to job-hunt, and I'd like this project to be relevant going forward. What am I missing? Pros, cons? Other options? What plays well with .NET? What are the things I should be considering, the questions I should be asking, when making a decision like this? Thanks for your time.

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  • Is there such a thing as too much experience?

    - by sunpech
    For modern software developers in today's world, is there such a thing as having too much experience with a certain technology or programming language? To a recruiter, interviewer, or company hiring-- could there often be cases where a particular candidate has so much experience in a certain area or technology where it works against the candidate to being hired? I'm not talking about cases where a senior developer is applying for an entry-level developer position, and has a lot of experience in that sense. Nor am I talking about cases where a candidate is outright lying (e.g. 20+ years experience with Ruby on Rails). I've overheard this in conversations between hiring managers/developers during happy hours, yet I'm not quite sure I fully understand what they mean.

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  • OOP - Composition, Components and Composites Example?

    - by coder3
    I've been reading a bit about OOP in relation to Composition, Components and Composites. I believe I understand the fundamental principle (not sure). Can some one please provide a code example of a person or car (both have many properties) using Composition, Components and Composites. I think seeing it in code would clear up the confusion I have regarding this pattern. Preferably in Java or PHP - many thanks!

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  • How to fill certain application design learning "gaps"?

    - by e4rthdog
    In life it doesnt matter if you do one thing for 15 years. You will end up waking one day and asking stuff that are equal to "how do i walk?" :) My specific question is that as a new entrant to C# and OOP i am stepping into many little "details" that need to be addressed. Written a lot of code in VB.NET / cobol / simple php e.t.c surely does not help much into the OOP world... So , even after reading entry level books for C# and watching some videos i recently found out about the "factory model design" for applications. I would appreciate if any of you guys recomment some reading on application design architecture for further reading...

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  • What are your advice, methods, or practices to take out the most from a day on-site at a customer?

    - by Stephane
    We just deployed a large software that affects the way the user work-day looks like in many aspects. It changes a lot of things in the way they interact between eachothers. The developers of the team are taking rounds and spending one day at the customer's site to understand better what is a typical day for our user, and the learning process they go through. In this context, what How would you approach that day, what kind of questions do you ask, how do you observe the user. Are there defined practices that exist? Also what wouldn't you do? Did you have some bad experience out of this?

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  • Why is there no generic implementation of OrderedDictionary in .net?

    - by nonot1
    Why did Microsoft not provide generic implementation of OrderedDictionary? There are a few custom implementations I've seen, including: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/recipes/GenericOrderedDictionary.aspx But why did Microsoft not include it in the base .net library? Surely they had a reason for not building a generic.... but what is it? Prior to posting this message, I did see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2629027/no-generic-implementation-of-ordereddictionary But that just confirms that it does not exist. Not why it does not exist. Thanks

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  • What's the relationship between meta-circular interpreters, virtual machines and increased performance?

    - by Gomi
    I've read about meta-circular interpreters on the web (including SICP) and I've looked into the code of some implementations (such as PyPy and Narcissus). I've read quite a bit about two languages which made great use of metacircular evaluation, Lisp and Smalltalk. As far as I understood Lisp was the first self-hosting compiler and Smalltalk had the first "true" JIT implementation. One thing I've not fully understood is how can those interpreters/compilers achieve so good performance or, in other words, why is PyPy faster than CPython? Is it because of reflection? And also, my Smalltalk research led me to believe that there's a relationship between JIT, virtual machines and reflection. Virtual Machines such as the JVM and CLR allow a great deal of type introspection and I believe they make great use it in Just-in-Time (and AOT, I suppose?) compilation. But as far as I know, Virtual Machines are kind of like CPUs, in that they have a basic instruction set. Are Virtual Machines efficient because they include type and reference information, which would allow language-agnostic reflection? I ask this because many both interpreted and compiled languages are now using bytecode as a target (LLVM, Parrot, YARV, CPython) and traditional VMs like JVM and CLR have gained incredible boosts in performance. I've been told that it's about JIT, but as far as I know JIT is nothing new since Smalltalk and Sun's own Self have been doing it before Java. I don't remember VMs performing particularly well in the past, there weren't many non-academic ones outside of JVM and .NET and their performance was definitely not as good as it is now (I wish I could source this claim but I speak from personal experience). Then all of a sudden, in the late 2000s something changed and a lot of VMs started to pop up even for established languages, and with very good performance. Was something discovered about the JIT implementation that allowed pretty much every modern VM to skyrocket in performance? A paper or a book maybe?

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  • What simple techniques do you use to improve performance?

    - by Cristian
    I'm talking about the way we write simple routines in order to improve performance without making your code harder to read... for instance, this is the typical for we learned: for(int i = 0; i < collection.length(); i++ ){ // stuff here } But, I usually do this when a foreach is not applicable: for(int i = 0, j = collection.length(); i < j; i++ ){ // stuff here } I think this is a better approach since it will call the length method once only... my girlfriend says it's cryptic though. Is there any other simple trick you use on your own developments?

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  • When following SRP, how should I deal with validating and saving entities?

    - by Kristof Claes
    I've been reading Clean Code and various online articles about SOLID lately, and the more I read about it, the more I feel like I don't know anything. Let's say I'm building a web application using ASP.NET MVC 3. Let's say I have a UsersController with a Create action like this: public class UsersController : Controller { public ActionResult Create(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { } } In that action method I want to save a user to the database if the data that was entered is valid. Now, according to the Single Responsibility Principle an object should have a single responsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the class. All its services should be narrowly aligned with that responsibility. Since validation and saving to the database are two separate responsibilities, I guess I should create to separate class to handle them like this: public class UsersController : Controller { private ICreateUserValidator validator; private IUserService service; public UsersController(ICreateUserValidator validator, IUserService service) { this.validator = validator; this.service= service; } public ActionResult Create(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { ValidationResult result = validator.IsValid(viewModel); if (result.IsValid) { service.CreateUser(viewModel); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } else { foreach (var errorMessage in result.ErrorMessages) { ModelState.AddModelError(String.Empty, errorMessage); } return View(viewModel); } } } That makes some sense to me, but I'm not at all sure that this is the right way to handle things like this. It is for example entirely possible to pass an invalid instance of CreateUserViewModel to the IUserService class. I know I could use the built in DataAnnotations, but what when they aren't enough? Image that my ICreateUserValidator checks the database to see if there already is another user with the same name... Another option is to let the IUserService take care of the validation like this: public class UserService : IUserService { private ICreateUserValidator validator; public UserService(ICreateUserValidator validator) { this.validator = validator; } public ValidationResult CreateUser(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { var result = validator.IsValid(viewModel); if (result.IsValid) { // Save the user } return result; } } But I feel I'm violating the Single Responsibility Principle here. How should I deal with something like this?

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  • Questioning the motivation for dependency injection: Why is creating an object graph hard?

    - by oberlies
    Dependency injection frameworks like Google Guice give the following motivation for their usage (source): To construct an object, you first build its dependencies. But to build each dependency, you need its dependencies, and so on. So when you build an object, you really need to build an object graph. Building object graphs by hand is labour intensive (...) and makes testing difficult. But I don't buy this argument: Even without dependency injection, I can write classes which are both easy to instantiate and convenient to test. E.g. the example from the Guice motivation page could be rewritten in the following way: class BillingService { private final CreditCardProcessor processor; private final TransactionLog transactionLog; // constructor for tests, taking all collaborators as parameters BillingService(CreditCardProcessor processor, TransactionLog transactionLog) { this.processor = processor; this.transactionLog = transactionLog; } // constructor for production, calling the (productive) constructors of the collaborators public BillingService() { this(new PaypalCreditCardProcessor(), new DatabaseTransactionLog()); } public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) { ... } } So dependency injection may really be an advantage in advanced use cases, but I don't need it for easy construction and testability, do I?

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  • Game Trees Conceptual Question

    - by Chris Corbin
    I am struggling to conceptually understand a question in a programming assignment for an algorithms class. The problem is dealing with a fictitious 2 player game, named Easy. The rules of the game are simple; each player may chose one of 4 integers {0-3} after which that integer is not available for the other player. The catch is, a player picks {0} it means they quit. The objective is for Player 1 to get {1} and Player 2 to get {2}, in which case they may win, however if both or neither succeed, then the game ends in a draw. I have been asked to draw the game tree for Easy, showing all nodes, which they explained as 4! = 24. Labeling the edges, which represent moves (selecting a number) and the leaves with who won (1 means Player 1 won, -1 means Player 2 won, and 0 means a tie). I have drawn out a game tree, which I believe is correct, however I am not 100% certain hence I am asking the question. My game tree only has 16 leaves. I am thinking that when a player picks {0}, and then quits, the game tree stops there? I don't see how it is possible to get to 24 leaves? Any help would be greatly appreciate, and if you need more information I would be happy to provide it. Thanks

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  • My Client wants to convert me from a Contractor to an Employee. I'd like part of the Headhunter's fee. Is this fair?

    - by Bob Kaufman
    I am happily working on a contract for a good, solid company. This client is very happy with my work and has asked me to consider converting to full-time employment. My problem is the headhunter. This firm has not been entirely upfront with me throughout this contract. A mistake was made by the firm that benched me for several days, costing me those days' pay. Inadequate healthcare coverage left me with a bill of several thousand dollars after my wife's brief hospital stay. My feeling is that I did the work that earned me the invitation to work full-time for this company. Asking for 1/3 of the commission I figure they're going to receive would nicely counterbalance the inequities that I perceive were dealt to me. Is this an (un)reasonable or (in)appropriate request?

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  • Do I need a degree in Computer Science to get a Jr Programming job in the world? [closed]

    - by t84
    As above really, do I need to go to Uni to get a job as a Junior C# coder? I'm 26 and have been working in Games (Production) for 6 years and I am thinking of a change, I've had exposure to VB6, VBA, HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript over the past few years and did a web design NCFE at College, but other than that, nothing else! I'm teaching myself C# at the moment with books and I was wondering 'how much' I need to learn and also how I can improve my chances of getting a programming job! Am I a late started to learn coding? (I know many people who started at a very young age!) Thanks for the help :)

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  • Why is it that software is still easily pirated today?

    - by mohabitar
    I've always been curious about this. Now I wouldn't call myself a programmer yet, but I'm learning, so maybe the answer to this is obvious. It just seems a little hard to believe that with all of our technological advances and the billions of dollars spent on engineering the most unbelievable and mind-blowing software, we still have no other means of protecting against piracy then a "serial number/activation key". I'm sure a ton of money, maybe even billions, went into creating Windows 7 or Office and even Snow Leopard, yet I can get it for free in less than 20 minutes. Same for all of Adobe's products, which are probably the easiest. I guess my question is: can there exist a fool proof and hack proof method of protecting your software against piracy? If not realistically, how about theoretically possible? Or no matter what mechanisms these companies deploy, hackers can always find a way around it? EDIT: So apparently, the answer is no. There's pretty much no way. And so I'm sure these big companies have realized this as well. Should they adopt another sales model rather than charging a crapload for their software (I know its justified and they put a lot of hard work into their software, but its still a lot of money). Are there any alternative solutions that will benefit both the company and the user (i.e. if you purchase our product, we'll apply $X dollars to your account that will apply to future purchases from our company)?

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  • Calendar like tool for managing multiple clients simultaneously?

    - by Yuji Tomita
    I've tried several systems to keep my clients requests / work organized, but somehow they still fall through the cracks. I don't like the idea of a bug tracker-like site for every client (I would not check them all). Ideally, it's all in one page but separated by client. What systems do you guys use? I'm about to just use a spreadsheet with columns for clients. Just curious if there's something better out there :) I've seen smartsheet in action which is basically a really nice spreadsheet that shows bars of time between things that are due. This looks promising.

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  • Understanding Visitor Pattern

    - by Nezreli
    I have a hierarchy of classes that represents GUI controls. Something like this: Control-ContainerControl-Form I have to implement a series of algoritms that work with objects doing various stuff and I'm thinking that Visitor pattern would be the cleanest solution. Let take for example an algorithm which creates a Xml representaion of a hierarchy of objects. Using 'classic' approach I would do this: public abstract class Control { public virtual XmlElement ToXML(XmlDocument document) { XmlElement xml = document.CreateElement(this.GetType().Name); // Create element, fill it with attributes declared with control return xml; } } public abstract class ContainerControl : Control { public override XmlElement ToXML(XmlDocument document) { XmlElement xml = base.ToXML(document); // Use forech to fill XmlElement with child XmlElements return xml; } } public class Form : ContainerControl { public override XmlElement ToXML(XmlDocument document) { XmlElement xml = base.ToXML(document); // Fill remaining elements declared in Form class return xml; } } But I'm not sure how to do this with visitor pattern. This is the basic implementation: public class ToXmlVisitor : IVisitor { public void Visit(Form form) { } } Since even the abstract classes help with implementation I'm not sure how to do that properly in ToXmlVisitor. Perhaps there is a better solution to this problem. The reason that I'm considering Visitor pattern is that some algorithms will need references not available in project where the classes are implemented and there is a number of different algorithms so I'm avoiding large classes. Any thoughts are welcome.

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  • Are there any tools for testing drag & drop Windows desktop applications?

    - by Andrew
    I need to develop a Windows desktop application (win32 API) which will use drag & drop extensively in many formats, including my own. I need to test it, for example, with CF_TEXT dragging, CF_RTF, CF_DIB, CF_METAFILEPICT, and many others. The tool needs to have the following features: Displaying the content of DataObject dragged into it with all available format viewers. Allows preparation of a few samples of different clipboard formats together in a single DataObject, ready for dragging into my app. Allows including my own format names into the formats list of the testing tool.

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  • Should integer divide by zero halt execution?

    - by Pyrolistical
    I know that modern languages handle integer divide by zero as an error just like the hardware does, but what if we could design a whole new language? Ignoring existing hardware, what should a programming language does when an integer divide by zero occurs? Should it return a NaN of type integer? Or should it mirror IEEE 754 float and return +/- Infinity? Or is the existing design choice correct, and an error should be thrown? Is there a language that handles integer divide by zero nicely? EDIT When I said ignore existing hardware, I mean don't assume integer is represented as 32 bits, it can be represented in anyway you can to imagine.

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  • Are there any "best practices" on cross-device development?

    - by vstrien
    Developing for smartphones in the way the industry is currently doing is relatively new. Of course, there has been enterprise-level mobile development for several decades. The platforms have changed, however. Think of: from stylus-input to touch-input (different screen res, different control layout etc.) new ways of handling multi-tasking on mobile platforms (e.g. WP7's "tombstoning") The way these platforms work aren't totally new (iPhone has been around for quite awhile now for example), but at the moment when developing a functionally equal application for both desktop and smartphone it comes down to developing two applications from ground up. Especially with the birth of Windows Phone with the .NET-platform on board and using Silverlight as UI-language, it's becoming appealing to promote the re-use of (parts of the UI). Still, it's fairly obvious that the needs of an application on a smartphone (or tablet) are very different compared to the needs of a desktop application. An (almost) one-on-one conversion will therefore be impossible. My question: are there "best practices", pitfalls etc. documented about developing "cross-device" applications (for example, developing an app for both the desktop and the smartphone/tablet)? I've been looking at weblogs, scientific papers and more for a week or so, but what I've found so far is only about "migratory interfaces".

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  • When using membership provider, do you use the user ID or the username?

    - by Chris
    I've come across this is in a couple of different applications that I've worked on. They all used the ASP.NET Membership Provider for user accounts and controlling access to certain areas, but when we've gotten down into the code I've noticed that in one we're passing around the string based user name, like "Ralph Waters", or we're passing around the Guid based user ID from the membership table. Now both seem to work. You can make methods which get by username, or get by user ID, but both have felt somewhat "funny". When you pass a string like "Ralph Waters" you're passing essentially two separate words that make up a unique identifier. And with a Guid, you're passing around a string/number combination which can be cast and made unique. So my question is this; when using Membership Provider, which do you use, the username or the user ID to get back to the user? Thanks all!

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  • Establishing relationships with unsolicited recruiters

    - by Michael
    Several times each year, I receive unsolicited introductions from tech recruiters, usually via LinkedIn and usually local firms. I am not currently looking for a new job. Is it advisable to establish a relationship with one or more recruiters when I'm not interested in finding new work, so that they have my resume on file? Here's another way I approach the question: My plumber was first hired at the point of need: I had a plumbing problem, looked up a few of them, and evaluated and hired based on their demeanor and cost estimates. I established a relationship with a general attorney, on the other hand, well in advance of ever actually needing services so that if or when services are needed he already knows enough about me to begin work. Should I approach recruiters like I approached my plumber or my lawyer? A separate discussion, I suppose, is whether or not the type of recruiters who troll LinkedIn for clients are generally helpful or not. Edit: I have never worked with a recruiter before, and therefore have little idea what to expect.

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  • Best Java Book(s) for an Experienced Developer

    - by Steven Elliott Jr
    I have been a .NET developer now for about the past 5/6 years give or take. I have never done any professional Java development and the last time I really touched it was probably back in college. I have been toying with the Scala language a little bit but nothing serious. Recently, I've been offered an opportunity to do some pretty cool work, but using Java instead of .NET. I think I can get by alright with my current skill set, meaning I already know how to program well and am familiar with languages such as C# and C++, etc. So, the syntax and all that language stuff are really not a problem. What I need is a really good reference book and a book about how to think in Java. Each language/Framework/Stack tries to address things a certain way and I'm sure Java is no different. What are some great Java books that you simply can't live without? Are there any books that talk about the most important parts of Java that must be understood before all else? As a side note, I will be doing mostly Java web development. Not really 100% on what types of stuff they are using for persistence, framework, server, etc. Thanks again for the consideration.

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