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• /etc/hosts.deny ignored in Ubuntu 14.04

  - by Matt

  I have Apache2 running on Ubuntu 14.04LTS. To begin securing network access to the machine, I want to start by blocking everything, then make specific allow statements for specific subnets to browse to sites hosted in Apache. The Ubuntu Server is installed with no packages selected during install, the only packages added after install are: apt-get update; apt-get install apache2, php5 (with additional php5-modules), openssh-server, mysql-client Following are my /etc/hosts.deny & /etc/hosts.allow settings: /etc/hosts.deny ALL:ALL /etc/hosts.allow has no allow entries at all. I would expect all network protocols to be denied. The symptom is that I can still web browse to sites hosted on the Apache web server even though there is a deny all statement in /etc/hosts.deny The system was rebooted after the deny entry was added. Why would /etc/hosts.deny with ALL:ALL be ignored and allow http browsing to sites hosted on the apache web server?

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• Latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks

  - by aix

  What resources (books, Web pages etc) exist out there that: explain the causes of latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks; mention tools for looking out for things that cause latency (e.g. certain entries in netstat -s); suggest ways to tweak the Linux TCP stack to reduce TCP latency (Nagle, socket buffers etc). The closest I am aware of is this document, but it's rather brief. Alternatively, you're welcome to answer the above questions directly.

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• Time-Machine backup over SSH tunnel to NFS mount

  - by BTZ

  I've recently started using a new NAS which runs CentOS 6.2. One of the purposes of the NAS would be to serve as a backup target. Whilst I have been using Apple's Time-Machine for a while and I am very satisfied with it, I'd like to continue using it. Backing up directly to an address in my network is no hassle; all works fine. For security reasons I'd like all my traffic to go through an ssh tunnel to the NAS. This way I can avoid needing to get a VPNserver (for personal reasons). As of NFSv4 the NFS deamon is bound to port 2049, which makes it easy for me to direct all traffic through a ssh tunnel. Tunnel: ssh -f admin@ms -L 2000:localhost:2049 -N Mount: mount -t nfs -o nfsvers=4,rw,proto=tcp,sync,intr,hard,timeo=600,retrans=10,wsize=32768,rsize=32768,port=2000 localhost:/mac_backup /Volumes/backup This works fine for Finder/terminal and throughput is almost equal to direct traffic. (CPU of the NAS does ride high when I reach max bandwidth though) Now the problem: With Time-Machine I can't use the NFS mount point mounted on localhost. TM seems to try to connect to it and then give me a "OSStatus error 65". I also tried using NFSv3 (I correctly forwarded all ports) with no luck. Can anyone shed a light on this and/or give a solution?

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• why udp client work when wirshark capture?

  - by herzl shemuelian

  I have two machine A,B windows 7 os .I connect them end to end and try run a performance test by using tcpreplay. step 1) I check conectivity between to point by netcat In A i run nc -lvup 5432 when I run on B nc -u 1.2.3.4 5432 I can send data from B to A step 2) when in I run tcpreplay in B tcpreplay -i %0 myudp.pcap in A I don't recevice any data . when I open wireshark in A then my nc can read data why? I check dst mac and dst ip in pcap file they are correct. is importan udp src mac or src ip for udp how that I open udp server ?

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• Tunneling a public IP to a remote machine

  - by Jim Paris

  I have a Linux server A with a block of 5 public IP addresses, 8.8.8.122/29. Currently, 8.8.8.122 is assigned to eth0, and 8.8.8.123 is assigned to eth0:1. I have another Linux machine B in a remote location, behind NAT. I would like to set up an tunnel between the two so that B can use the IP address 8.8.8.123 as its primary IP address. OpenVPN is probably the answer, but I can't quite figure out how to set things up (topology subnet or topology p2p might be appropriate. Or should I be using Ethernet bridging?). Security and encryption is not a big concern at this point, so GRE would be fine too -- machine B will be coming from a known IP address and can be authenticated based on that. How can I do this? Can anyone suggest an OpenVPN config, or some other approach, that could work in this situation? Ideally, it would also be able to handle multiple clients (e.g. share all four of spare IPs with other machines), without letting those clients use IPs to which they are not entitled.

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• Trouble Connecting to Virtual Machine after IP address Change

  - by David

  I have a VMware image running a copy of Fedora 11 which is hosted on a remote server. The remote server recently had its IP address change. I'm now unable to connect to my virtual machine. The server admin assures me that my virtual machine is running and assigned the new IP address. I have checked the firewalls and had the remote admin restart the VM instance. Neither of these fixed the problem. How do I troubleshoot a remote server which I am unable to SSH to? I'm actually even unable to ping the remote IP (connection timed out).

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• Chain Gateways on the LAN

  - by Black2night

  I installed m0n0wall in a virtualized environment, i have 10 PCs connected to a router ( 192.168.1.0/24) which connect them to the internet through PPPoE, the problem is that this router does not have a QoS so what i want to do is the following :- let all the PCs get their IP from the Router and the default gateway will be m0n0wall the moon wall will have 2 interface (Lan 192.168.1.20) and (Wan 192.168.1.21 and default gateway 192.168.1.1) now when any PC want to access the internet it should go through m0n0wall and then m0n0wall will forward the connection to the default gateway through the wan interface which is the PPPoE running on the router (192.168.1.1) the big question is this scenario possible or not and what do you suggest? Thanks

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• Only 192.168.0.3 can request most files, but anyone can request /public/file.html

  - by mattalexx

  I have the following virtual host on my development server: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.com DocumentRoot /srv/web/example.com/pub <Directory /srv/web/example.com/pub> Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from 192.168.0.3 </Directory> </VirtualHost> The Allow from 192.168.0.3 part is to only allow requests from my workstation machine. I want to tweak this to allow anyone to request a certain URL: http://example.com/public/file.html How do I change this to allow /public/file.html requests to get through from anyone? Note: /public/file.html doesn't actually exist as a file on the server. I redirect all incoming requests through a single index file using mod_rewrite.

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• Loading guest OS's (Windows) localhost through my host's (Mountain Lion) browsers

  - by Jonah Goldstein

  For work, I have to develop in Visual Studio, which I run via VMware's fusion 5. I really want to test via my mac's native browsers for a multitude of reasons. that is, view the IIs web stuffs that my windows VM should expose, in my mac's own native Firefox, Chrome... etc. if i could expose a pretty url, that would be even better, but i would certainly settle for an ugly IP :) I got a decent number of views but no response when I asked in VMware's own boards. Everyone seems to want to go the other direction (developing in sublimetext/textmate serving up through MAMP and exposing it to windows browsers to test) and there seems to be tried a true solutions for this. unfortunately (or fortunately depending on your preference) my startup is pretty entrenched in the visual studio development tools. I'm really hoping that someone knows the answer to this. Thanks :)

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• "Play on another device" function not working with Samsung Allshare

  - by Tural Teyyuboglu

  Briefly I can't get work "Play on another device" function More detailed My Samsung TV (which support network) and PC are in the same network. The problem is, I can play PC contents from TV. But when I try to control TV remotely from Allshare software (PC), it shows TV only as connected device: But not as remote player in "players" list The result Tried to turn off firewall completely, reset router, re-install software. No success. Please help. BTW. On this link they kinda explained how to do it, but I software doesn' detect the TV as player in my case: http://www.samsung.com/global/allshare/pcsw/quickguide.html

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• Streaming music throughout the house on a budget?

  - by greggannicott

  I was wondering whether anyone knew of a way to stream music throughout a house on a budget? I want to avoid spending any money on this (eg. I don't want to buy a d-link style device). It would be ideal if I could use my existing hardware and some open source software. I have three old(ish) PCs knocking around. I'm happy to stick either Windows or Linux on them. They can all be hooked up to speakers. The ideal solution would result in: the same audio being heard from every device (eg. when you hear a beat on one device, you'd hear it at the exact same time on another (so you don't get any echo)) I'd be able to control the source application (eg. the songs lined up) with my iPhone. I realise I'm being cheeky with those two wishes - but you never know your luck. Am I asking for too much, or is there a piece of software/protocol out there with this purpose in mind? I've been searching for sometime now, but haven't had any joy. Thanks in advance.

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• Keepalived for more than 20 virtual addresses

  - by cvaldemar

  I have set up keepalived on two Debian machines for high availability, but I've run into the maximum number of virtual IP's I can assign to my vrrp_instance. How would I go about configuring and failing over 20+ virtual IP's? This is the, very simple, setup: LB01: 10.200.85.1 LB02: 10.200.85.2 Virtual IPs: 10.200.85.100 - 10.200.85.200 Each machine is also running Apache (later Nginx) binding on the virtual IPs for SSL client certificate termination and proxying to backend webservers. The reason I need so many VIP's is the inability to use VirtualHost on HTTPS. This is my keepalived.conf: vrrp_script chk_apache2 { script "killall -0 apache2" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth0 state MASTER virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 virtual_ipaddress { 10.200.85.100 . . all the way to . 10.200.85.200 } An identical configuration is on the BACKUP machine, and it's working fine, but only up to the 20th IP. I have found a HOWTO discussing this problem. Basically, they suggest having just one VIP and routing all traffic "via" this one IP, and "all will be well". Is this a good approach? I'm running pfSense firewalls in front of the machines. Quote from the above link: ip route add $VNET/N via $VIP or route add $VNET netmask w.x.y.z gw $VIP Thanks in advance. EDIT: @David Schwartz said it would make sense to add a route, so I tried adding a static route to the pfSense firewall, but that didn't work as I expected it would. pfSense route: Interface: LAN Destination network: 10.200.85.200/32 (virtual IP) Gateway: 10.200.85.100 (floating virtual IP) Description: Route to VIP .100 I also made sure I had packet forwarding enabled on my hosts: $ cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1 Am I doing this wrong? I also removed all VIPs from the keepalived.conf so it only fails over 10.200.85.100.

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• Understanding tcptraceroute versus http response

  - by kojiro

  I'm debugging a web server that has a very high wait time before responding. The server itself is quite fast and has no load, so I strongly suspect a network problem. Basically, I make a web request: wget -O/dev/null http://hostname/ --2013-10-18 11:03:08-- http://hostname/ Resolving hostname... 10.9.211.129 Connecting to hostname|10.9.211.129|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] Saving to: ‘/dev/null’ 2013-10-18 11:04:11 (88.0 KB/s) - ‘/dev/null’ saved [13641] So you see it took about a minute to give me the page, but it does give it to me with a 200 response. So I try a tcptraceroute to see what's up: $ sudo tcptraceroute hostname 80 Password: Selected device en2, address 192.168.113.74, port 54699 for outgoing packets Tracing the path to hostname (10.9.211.129) on TCP port 80 (http), 30 hops max 1 192.168.113.1 0.842 ms 2.216 ms 2.130 ms 2 10.141.12.77 0.707 ms 0.767 ms 0.738 ms 3 10.141.12.33 1.227 ms 1.012 ms 1.120 ms 4 10.141.3.107 0.372 ms 0.305 ms 0.368 ms 5 12.112.4.41 6.688 ms 6.514 ms 6.467 ms 6 cr84.phlpa.ip.att.net (12.122.107.214) 19.892 ms 18.814 ms 15.804 ms 7 cr2.phlpa.ip.att.net (12.122.107.117) 17.554 ms 15.693 ms 16.122 ms 8 cr1.wswdc.ip.att.net (12.122.4.54) 15.838 ms 15.353 ms 15.511 ms 9 cr83.wswdc.ip.att.net (12.123.10.110) 17.451 ms 15.183 ms 16.198 ms 10 12.84.5.93 9.982 ms 9.817 ms 9.784 ms 11 12.84.5.94 14.587 ms 14.301 ms 14.238 ms 12 10.141.3.209 13.870 ms 13.845 ms 13.696 ms 13 * * * … 30 * * * I tried it again with 100 hops, just to be sure – the packets never get there. So how is it that the server does respond to requests via http, even after a minute? Shouldn't all requests just die? I'm not sure how to proceed debugging why this server is slow (as opposed to why it responds at all).

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• How can I switch from a custom linux network namespace back to the default one?

  - by Martin

  With ip netns exec you can execute a command in a custom network namespace - but is there also a way to execute a command in the default namespace? For example, after executing these two commands: sudo ip netns add test_ns sudo ip netns exec test_ns bash How can the newly created bash execute programs in the default network namespace? There is no ip netns exec default or anything similar as far as I've found. My scenario is: I want to run a SSH server in a separate network namespace (to keep the rest of the system unaware of the network connection, as the system is used for network testing), but want to be able to execute programs in the default network namespace via the SSH connection. What I've found out so far: Created network namespaces are listed as files under /var/run/netns (but there is no file for the default namespace) The ip netns exec code can be found here: http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git/tree/ip/ipnetns.c#n132 - I haven't grasped everything that it is doing yet, but it doesn't look very promising. ip netns identify $$ as suggested by Howto query and change network namespace on linux? returns nothing when in the default network namespace

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• Doing port forwarding and then using it from within the internal network

  - by Ram Rachum

  We all know that by doing port forwarding on the router, computers from outside the network are able, on the specified ports, to access internal computers by targeting the external IP. I'm now replacing a TP-Link router with a D-link VDSL N 6740U router, (and copied over all the settings,) and I've noticed that one thing stopped working: With the TP-link router, you could access those port-forwarded computers from within the network, using the external IP, and they would be forwarded to the relevant computers. With the new D-Link router, it doesn't work. You might be wondering, why would you want to use the external IP and port forwarding when you're inside the internal network anyway and can just access the internal IP? One example for why this is useful: You have an iPhone app that connects to a service on an internal computer. The iPhone app knows to connect to the external IP. When we put that iPhone inside the internal network (via WiFi), it suddenly stops working, because it can't access the service from the external IP anymore. Is it an inherent property of D-Link routers that they do not allow accessing internal servers from inside the network by targeting the external IP? Or is there a way to make it work?

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• PowerConnect 3548p SNTP and web interface not working

  - by Force Flow

  I have been unable to get SNTP and access to the web interface working properly on a Dell PowerConnect 3548p. In the logs, this message appears over and over again: 04-Jan-2000 20:19:29 :%MNGINF-W-ACL: Management ACL drop packet received on interface Vlan 172 from 172.17.0.3 to 172.18.0.10 protocol 17 service Snmp 172 is the management vlan. 172.17.0.3 is the DNS server 172.18.0.10 is the switch's IP address. The DNS server and the switch are located on different subnets and separated by routers. I am unable to access the web interface of the switch from the 172.17.x.x subnet. I can only access the web interface of the switch if I am accessing it from the 172.18.x.x subnet. There is also a managed linksys switch on the 172.18.x.x subnet on the 172 vlan, which has no problem with SNTP. I can also access it from the 172.17.x.x network. So, it stands to reason that this is not a firewall or routing issue, but with the 3548p switch. I suspect the issue is with management permissions/ACLs on the 3348p switch, but that's about as much as I've been able to determine so far. Any ideas?

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• Under FreeBSD, can a VLAN interface have a smaller MTU than the primary interface?

  - by larsks

  I have a system with two physical interfaces, combined into a LACP aggregation group. That LACP channel has two VLANs, one untagged (the "native vlan") and one using VLAN tagging. This gives us: lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether 00:25:90:1d:fe:8e inet 10.243.24.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.243.24.255 media: Ethernet autoselect status: active laggproto lacp laggport: em1 flags=1c<ACTIVE,COLLECTING,DISTRIBUTING> laggport: em0 flags=1c<ACTIVE,COLLECTING,DISTRIBUTING> vlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> ether 00:25:90:1d:fe:8e inet 10.243.16.23 netmask 0xffffff80 broadcast 10.243.16.127 media: Ethernet autoselect status: active vlan: 610 parent interface: lagg0 Is it possible to set a 9K MTU on lagg0 while preserving the 1500 byte MTU on vlan0? Normally I would simply try this out, but this is actually on a vendor-supported platform and I am loathe to make changes "behind the back" of their administration interface. This system is roughly FreeBSD 7.3.

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• NTOP gives warnings on startup

  - by FR6

  I just installed ntop 1.4.4 and when I start it, it give me infinite warnings "packet truncated": ... RRD_DEBUG: umask 0066 RRD_DEBUG: DirPerms 0700 THREADMGMT: RRD: Started thread (t2992630672) for data collection THREADMGMT[t2992630672]: RRD: Data collection thread starting [p30923] INIT: Created pid file (/var/run/ntop.pid) THREADMGMT[t3086329552]: ntop RUNSTATE: INITNONROOT(3) Now running as requested user 'nobody' (99:99) Note: Reporting device initally set to 0 [eth0] (merged) THREADMGMT[t3086329552]: ntop RUNSTATE: RUN(4) THREADMGMT[t2982140816]: NPS(1): Started thread for network packet sniffing [eth0] THREADMGMT[t2982140816]: NPS(eth0): pcapDispatch thread starting [p30923] THREADMGMT[t2982140816]: NPS(eth0): pcapDispatch thread running [p30923] THREADMGMT[t3047009168]: SIH: Idle host scan thread running [p30923] THREADMGMT[t3057499024]: SFP: Fingerprint scan thread running [p30923] **WARNING** packet truncated (8814->8232) **WARNING** packet truncated (10274->8232) **WARNING** packet truncated (8814->8232) **WARNING** packet truncated (8814->8232) ... Do I need to configure something? I tried to access the web interface (http://localhost:3000) but it does not work. Note: I'm on CentOS. EDIT: Not sure if it helps but there is my "ifconfig": eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:76:BC:7E:77 inet addr:192.168.0.221 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:76ff:febc:7e77/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:15496640 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:19256813 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:836230629 (797.4 MiB) TX bytes:608496148 (580.3 MiB) Memory:dffe0000-e0000000

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• IPC between multiple processes on multiple servers

  - by z8000

  Let's say you have 2 servers each with 8 CPU cores each. The servers each run 8 network services that each host an arbitrary number of long-lived TCP/IP client connections. Clients send messages to the services. The services do something based on the messages, and potentially notify N1 of the clients of state changes. Sure, it sounds like a botnet but it isn't. Consider how IRC works with c2s and s2s connections and s2s message relaying. The servers are in the same data center. The servers can communicate over a private VLAN @1GigE. Messages are < 1KB in size. How would you coordinate which services on which host should receive and relay messages to connected clients for state change messages? There's an infinite number of ways to solve this problem efficiently. AMQP (RabbitMQ, ZeroMQ, etc.) Spread Toolkit N^2 connections between allservices (bad) Heck, even run IRC! ... I'm looking for a solution that: perhaps exploits the fact that there's only a small closed cluster is easy to admin scales well is "dumb" (no weird edge cases) What are your experiences? What do you recommend? Thanks!

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• Tomato/DD-WRT router to act as switch & only NAT some port

  - by fseto

  BACKGROUND: I have a device that must use a real IP address. Currently, my ISP uses DHCP and I can have up to 4 real IP address assigned. However, the cable modem only have 1 ethernet port and it's connected to my router (running Tomato, but can run DD-wrt or other Openwrt if required). Question stems from how I can connect the additional device, requiring a real IP? EASY SOLUTION: would be to get a switch and connect to the CM, Router, and Device. But alas, I want to avoid this route, since: my wiring cabinet in my home is drawing lots of power and heat already Device will be unprotected by any firewall unable to monitor the traffic to/from device. Besides, what would be the FUN in that? =) IDEA: So what I want to do is to configure the router, so that one of the switchport is removed from the normal br0 bridge. Instead, I want to make it behave like a switch on the WAN port. What's the best way of doing this? Should I create another bridge on the WAN & the device port? Can a single port belongs to two bridges? or would I need to create a subinterface first? Would I need a DHCP-relay? Am I expecting too much from my poor cheapie router? +------+ | CM | +--++--+ || +----WAN---------------+ | / \ Router | | BR1? BR0 | | | \ | | | {NAT} | | | / | | \ | +-P0----P1-P2-P3-Wifi--+ | +------+ |Device| +------+

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• Windows - Force Wi-Fi to N mode

  - by Frederick Marcoux

  I bought a month ago the D-Link DWA-160 Xtreme N Dual Band USB Adapter and I wonder about the speed. I have a 60Mbps but the speed is never above 300Kbps when I browse Internet or download something. Even from Microsoft or Apple (the fastest server I found). Now on Windows 8, we can see the Wi-Fi stats in Task Manager, there they are: Notice the red rectangle. The signal is 3/5 and I'm about 5 meters far from my router. An Apple Time-Capsule. Also, the connection type is 802.11g, I want N. I made this config in my Device Properties: Does anyone figured out to force the 802.11n in Windows? (Windows 8 preferably)

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• Picasa 3.5: how to share the tagged faces from one PC to another

  - by Eduardo Molteni

  At home, we share our photos from a server. I've been tagging the faces in Picasa 3.5 in one PC, but in the other PC the same photos needs to be retagged. Where is this info stored so it can be shared between computers?

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• How to get access to console to reset Cisco 3750?

  - by genehack

  I acquired two Cisco 3750 switches from another part of my organization. I was able to complete the standard password/config reset procedure on one without any issues -- boot it, put it into express config mode, telnet in, reset the passwords, etc. The second one doesn't ever boot to the point where it displays anything on the console. When power cycled, the 'SYST' light flashes green a few times, then comes on a solid green and stays lit. None of the other lights ever flash or light up. Holding down the 'MODE' button for up to 30 seconds produces no noticeable effects. Nothing ever comes out on the console. Since I was able to configure the first one without any problems, I know my connectinon is good -- console port configured right, good cable, etc. Is this just a hardware problem with the switch? Is there any way I can recover from this and get the switch back into a state where I can configure it?

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• Load Balancing a UDP server

  - by Hellfrost

  Hello StackOverflow, I have a udp server, it is a central part in my business process. in order to handle the loads I'm expecting in the production environment I'll probably need 2 or 3 instances of the server. The server is almost entirely stateless, it mostly collects data, and the layer above it knows how to handle the minimal amount of stale data that can arise from the the multiple server instances. My question is, how can I implement load balancing between the servers? I would prefer to distribute the requests as evenly as possible between the servers. I would also would like to have some fidelity, I mean if client X was routed to server y, then I want all of X's subsequent requests to go to server Y, as long as it is sensible and not overloads Y. By the way it is a .NET system... what would you recommend?

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• "DNS not responding" error with D-Link router and PPTP internet connection

  - by Born2win

  I have a D-Link DIR-615 router since around six months. My internet connection is VPN (PPTP) based, i.e. I have been given a username and password from my ISP and my IP address is dynamic. Since a few days I am experiencing a serious problem. My router connects normally (I can see the yellow light), but my computer is giving me a "DNS not responding" error. I have tried everything (reset, reboot etc.) but no success.

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