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  • Algorithm to infer tag hierarchy

    - by Tom
    I'm looking for an algorithm to infer a hierarchy from a set of tagged items. E.g. if the following items have the tags: 1 a 2 a,b 3 a,c 4 a,c,e 5 a,b 6 a,c 7 d 8 d,f Then I can construct an undirected graph (or graphs) by tallying the node weights and edge weights: node weights edge weights a 6 a-b 2 b 2 a-c 3 c 3 c-e 1 d 2 a-e 1 <-- this edge is parallel to a-c and c-e and not wanted e 1 d-f 1 f 1 The first problem is how to drop any redundant edges to get to the simplified graph? Note that it's only appropriate to remove that redundant a-e edge in this case because something is tagged as a-c-e, if that wasn't the case and the tag was a-e, that edge would have to remain. I suspect that means the removal of edges can only happen during the construction of the graph, not after everything has been tallied up. What I'd then like to do is identify the direction of the edges to create a directed graph (or graphs) and pick out root nodes to hopefully create a tree (or trees): trees a d // \\ | b c f \ e It seems like it could be a string algorithm - longest common subsequences/prefixes - or a tree/graph algorithm, but I am a little stuck since I don't know the correct terminology to search for it.

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  • Why is nesting or piggybacking errors within errors bad in general?

    - by dietbuddha
    Why is nesting or piggybacking errors within errors bad in general? To me it seems bad intuitively, but I'm suspicious in that I cannot adequately articulate why it is bad. This may be because it is not in general bad and that it is only bad in specific instances. Why is it detrimental to design error/exception handling in such a way. The specific instance is that of a REST service. There is a desire by some to use http errors (specifically the 500 response) as a way to indicate any problem with specific instances of a resource. An example of an instance resource in this case would be: http://server/ticket/80 # instance http://server/ticket # not an instance So this is the behavior that is being proposed. If ticket 80 does not exist return a http response code of 500. Within the body of the error return the "real" error as an additional error code and description. If the ticket resource doesn't exist return a response code of 404.

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  • DDD and validation of aggregate root

    - by Mik378
    Suppose an aggregate root : MailConfiguration (wrapping an AddressPart object). The AddressPart object is a simple immutable value object with some fields like senderAdress, recipentAddress (to make example simple). As being an invariant object, AddressPart should logically wrap its own Validator (by the way of external a kind of AddressValidator for respecting Single Responsibility Principle) I read some articles that claimed an aggregateRoot must validate its 'children'. However, if we follow this principle, one could create an AddressPart with an uncohesive/invalid state. What are your opinion? Should I move the collaborator AddressValidator(used in constructor so in order to validate immediately the cohesion of an AddressPart) from AddressPart and assign it to aggregateRoot (MailConfiguration) ?

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  • Personal Software Process (PSP1)

    - by gentoo_drummer
    I'm trying to figure out an exercise but it doesn't really makes to much sense.. I'm not asking someone to provide the solution. just to try and analyse what needs to be done in order to solve this. I'm trying to understand which PSP 1.0 1.1 process I should use. PROBE? Or something else? I would greatly appreciate some help on this one from someone that has experience with the Personal Software Process Methodology.. Here is the question. For the reference case (“code1.c”), the following s/w metrics are provided: man-hours spent in implementation phase (per-module): 2,7 mh/file man-hours spent in testing phase (per-module): 4,3 mh/file estimated number of bugs remaining (per-module): 0,3 errors/function, 4 errors/module (remaining) Based on the corresponding values provided for the reference case, each of the following tasks focus on some s/w metrics to be estimated for the test case (“code2.c”): [25 marks] (estimated) man-hours required in implementation phase (per-module) [8 marks] (estimated) man-hours required in testing phase (per-module) [8 marks] (estimated) number of bugs remaining at the end of testing phase (per-module) [9 marks] Tasks 4 through 6 should use the data provided for the reference case within the context of Personal Software Process level-1 (PSP-1), using them as a single-point historic data log. Specifically, the same s/w metrics are to be estimated for the test case (“code2.c”), using PSP as the basic estimation model. In order to perform the above listed tasks, students are advised to consider all phases of the PSP software development process, especially at levels PSP0 and PSP1. Both cases are to be treated as separate case-studies in the context of classic s/w development.

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  • What is a good one-stop-shop for understanding software licensing information?

    - by Macy Abbey
    I've learned a fair amount about the various different software licensing models and what those models mean for my own software project. However, I'd like to make sure I understand as many of them as possible for making decisions on how to license my own software and in what scenarios I can safely use software under a licensing model. Do you have a good recommendation for a book/site etc.. that has this information in one location?

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  • Area of testing

    - by ?????? ??????????
    I'm trying to understand which part of my code I should to test. I have some code. Below is example of this code, just to understand the idea. Depends of some parametrs I put one or another currency to "Event" and return his serialization in the controller. Which part of code I should to test? Just the final serialization, or only "Event" or every method: getJson, getRows, fillCurrency, setCurrency? class Controller { public function getJson() { $rows = $eventManager->getRows(); return new JsonResponse($rows); } } class EventManager { public function getRows() { //some code here if ($parameter == true) { $this->fillCurrency($event, $currency); } } public function fillCurrency($event, $currency) { //some code here if ($parameters == true) { $event->setCurrency($currency); } } } class Event { public function setCurrency($currency) { $this->updatedAt = new Datetime(); $this->currency = $currency; } }

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  • Finding duplicate files?

    - by ub3rst4r
    I am going to be developing a program that detects duplicate files and I was wondering what the best/fastest method would be to do this? I am more interested in what the best hash algorithm would be to do this? For example, I was thinking of having it get the hash of each files contents and then group the hashes that are the same. Also, should there be a limit set for what the maximum file size can be or is there a hash that is suitable for large files?

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  • Push-Based Events in a Services Oriented Architecture

    - by Colin Morelli
    I have come to a point, in building a services oriented architecture (on top of Thrift), that I need to expose events and allow listeners. My initial thought was, "create an EventService" to handle publishing and subscribing to events. That EventService can use whatever implementation it desires to actually distribute the events. My client automatically round-robins service requests to available service hosts which are determined using Zookeeper-based service discovery. So, I'd probably use JMS inside of EventService mainly for the purpose of persisting messages (in the event that a service host for EventService goes down before it can distribute the message to all of the available listeners). When I started considering this, I began looking into the differences between Queues and Topics. Topics unfortunately won't work for me, because (at least for now), all listeners must receive the message (even if they were down at the time the event was pushed, or hadn't made a subscription yet because they haven't completed startup (during deployment, for example) - messages should be queued until the service is available). However, I don't want EventService to be responsible for handling all of the events. I don't think it should have the code to react to events inside of it. Each of the services should do what it needs with a given event. This would indicate that each service would need a JMS connection, which questions the value of having EventService at all (as the services could individually publish and subscribe to JMS directly). However, it also couples all of the services to JMS (when I'd rather that there be a single service that's responsible for determining how to distribute events). What I had thought was to publish an event to EventService, which pulls a configuration of listeners from some configuration source (database, flat file, irrelevant for now). It replicates the message and pushes each one back into a queue with information specific to that listener (so, if there are 3 listeners, 1 event would become 3 events in JMS). Then, another thread in EventService (which is replicated, running on multiple hots) would be pulling from the queue, attempting to make the service call to the "listener", and returning the message to the queue (if the service is down), or discarding the message (if the listener completed successfully). tl;dr If I have an EventService that is responsible for receiving events and delegating service calls to "event listeners," (which are really just endpoints on other services), how should it know how to craft the service call? Should I create a generic "Event" object that is shared among all services? Then, the EventService can just construct this object and pass it to the service call. Or is there a better answer to this problem entirely?

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  • One-week release cycle: how do I make this feasible?

    - by Arkaaito
    At my company (3-yr-old web industry startup), we have frequent problems with the product team saying "aaaah this is a crisis patch it now!" (doesn't everybody?) This has an impact on the productivity (and morale) of engineering staff, self included. Management has spent some time thinking about how to reduce the frequency of these same-day requests and has come up with the solution that we are going to have a release every week. (Previously we'd been doing one every two weeks, which usually slipped by a couple of days or so.) There are 13 developers and 6 local / 9 offshore testers; the theory is that only 4 developers (and all testers) will work on even-numbered releases, unless a piece of work comes up that really requires some specific expertise from one of the other devs. Each cycle will contain two days of dev work and two days of QA work (plus 1 day of scoping / triage / ...). My questions are: (a) Does anyone have experience with this length of release cycle? (b) Has anyone heard of this length of release cycle even being attempted? (c) If (a) or (b), how on Earth do you make it work? (Any pitfalls to avoid, etc., are also appreciated.) (d) How can we minimize the damage if this effort fails?

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  • Should Git be used for documentation and project management? Should the code be in a separate repository?

    - by EmpireJones
    I'm starting up a Git repository for a group project. Does it make sense to store documents in the same Git repository as code - it seems like this conflicts with the nature of the git revision flow. Here is a summary of my question(s): Is the Git revisioning style going to be confusing if both code and documents are checked into the same repository? Experiences with this? Is Git a good fit for documentation revision control? I am NOT asking if a Revision Control System in general should or shouldn't be used for documentation - it should. Thanks for the feedback so far!

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  • Advice for a distracted, unhappy, recently graduated programmer? [closed]

    - by Re-Invent
    I graduated 4 months ago. I had offers from a few good places to work at. At the same time I wanted to stick to building a small software business of my own, still have some ideas with good potential, some half done projects frozen in my github. But due to social pressures, I chose a job, the pay is great, but I am half-passionate about it. A small team of smart folks building useful product, working out contracts across the world. I've started finding it extremely boring. Boring to the extent that I skip 2-3 days a week together not doing work. Neither do I spend that time progressing any of my own projects. Yes, I feel stupid at the way I'm wasting time, but I don't understand exactly why is it happening. It's as if all the excitement has been drained. What can I do about it? Long version: School - I was in third standard. Only students, 6th grade had access to computer labs. I once peeked into the lab from the little door opening. No hard-disks, MS DOS on 5 1/2 inch floppies. I asked a senior student to play some sound in BASIC. He used PLAY to compose a tune. Boy! I was so excited, I was jumping from within. Back home, asked my brother to teach me some programming. We bought a book "MODERN All About GW-BASIC for Schools & Colleges". The book had everything, right from printing, to taking input, file i/o, game programming, machine level support, etc. I was in 6th standard, wrote my first game - a wheel of fortune, rotated the wheel by manipulating 16 color palette's definition. Got internet soon, got hooked to QuickBasic programming community. Made some more games "007 in Danger", "Car Crush 2" for submission to allbasiccode archives. I was extremely excited about all this. My interests now swayed into "hacking" (computer security). Taught myself some perl, found it annoying, learnt PHP and a bit of SQL. Also taught myself Visual Basic one of the winters and wrote a pacman clone with Direct X. By the time I was in 10th standard, I created some evil tools using visual basic, php and mysql and eventually landed myself into an unpaid side-job at a government facility, building evil tools for them. It was a dream come true for crackers of that time. And so was I, still very excited. Things changed soon, last two years of school were not so great as I was balancing preps for college, work at govt. and studies for school at same time. College - College was opposite of all I had wished it to be. I imagined it to be a place where I'd spend my 4 years building something awesome. It was rather an epitome of rote learning, attendance, rules, busy schedules, ban on personal laptops, hardly any hackers surrounding you and shit like that. We had to take permissions to even introduce some cultural/creative activities in our annual schedule. The labs won't be open on weekends because the lab employees had to have their leaves. Yes, a horrible place for someone like me. I still managed to pull out a project with a friend over 2 months. Showed it to people high in the academia hierarchy. They were immensely impressed, we proposed to allow personal computers for students. They made up half-assed reasons and didn't agree. We felt frustrated. And so on, I still managed to teach myself new languages, do new projects of my own, do an intern at the same govt. facility, start a small business for sometime, give a talk at a conference I'm passionate about, win game-dev and hacking contest at most respected colleges, solve good deal of programming contest problems, etc. At the same time I was not content with all these restrictions, great emphasis on rote learning, and sheer wastage of time due to college. I never felt I was overdoing, but now I feel I burnt myself out. During my last days at college, I did an intern at a bigco. While I spent my time building prototypes for certain LBS, the other interns around me, even a good friend, was just skipping time. I thought maybe, in a few weeks he would put in some serious efforts at work assigned to him, but all he did was to find creative ways to skip work, hide his face from manager, engage people in talks if they try to question his progress, etc. I tried a few time to get him on track, but it seems all he wanted was to "not to work hard at all and still reap the fruits". I don't know how others take such people, but I find their vicinity very very poisonous to one's own motivation and productivity. Over that, the place where I come from, HRs don't give much value to what have you done past 4 years. So towards the end of out intern, we all were offered work at the bigco, but the slacker, even after not writing more than 200 lines of code was made a much better offer. I felt enraged instantly - "Is this how the corp world treats someone who does fruitful, if not extra-ordinary work form them for past 6 months?". Yes, I did try to negotiate and debate. The bigcos seem blind due to departmentalization of responsibilities and many layers of management. I decided not to be in touch with any characters of that depressing play. Probably the busy time I had at college, ignoring friends, ignoring fun and squeezing every bit of free time for myself is also responsible. Probably this is what has drained all my willingness to work for anyone. I find my day job boring, at the same time I with to maintain it for financial reasons. I feel a bit burnt out, unsatisfied and at the same time an urge to quit working for someone else and start finishing my frozen side-projects (which may be profitable). Though I haven't got much to support myself with food, office, internet bills, etc in savings. I still have my day job, but I don't find it very interesting, even though the pay is higher than the slacker, I don't find money to be a great motivator here. I keep comparing myself to my past version. I wonder how to get rid of this and reboot myself back to the way I was in school days - excited about it, tinkering, building, learning new things daily, and NOT BORED?

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  • cloud programming for OpenStack in C / C++

    - by Basile Starynkevitch
    (Sorry for such a fuzzy question, I am very newbie to cloud programming) I am interested in designing (and developing) a (free software) program in C or C++ (probably, most of it being meta-programmed, i.e. part of the C code code being generated). I am still in the thinking / designing phase. And I might perhaps give up. For reference, I am the main architect and implementor of GCC MELT, a domain specific language to extend the GCC compiler (the MELT language is translated to C/C++ and is bootstrapped: the MELT to C/C++ translator being written in MELT). And I am dreaming of extending it with some cloud computing abilities. But I am a newbie in cloud computing. (I am only interested in free-software, GPLv3 friendly, based cloud computing, which probably means openstack). I believe that "compiling on the cloud with some enhanced GCC" could make sense (for super-optimizations or static analysis of e.g. an entire Linux distribution, or at least a massive GCC compiled free software like Qt, GCC itself, or the Linux kernel). I'm dreaming of a MELT specific monitoring program which would store, communicate, and and enhance GCC compilation (extended by MELT). So the picture would be that each GCC process (actually the cc1 or cc1plus started by the gcc driver, suitably extended by some MELT extension) would communicate with some monitor. That "monitoring/persisting" program would run "on the cloud" (and probably manage some information produced by GCC e.g. on NoSQL bases). So, how should some (yet to be written) C program (some Linux daemon) be designed to be cloud-friendly? So far, I understood that it should provide some Web service, probably thru a RESTful service, so should use an HTTP server library like onion. And that OpenStack is able to start (e.g. a dozen of) such services. But I don't have a clear picture of what OpenStack brings. So far, I noticed the ability to manage (and distribute) virtual machines (with some Python API). It is less clear how can it distribute some ELF executable, how can it start it, etc. Do you have any references or examples of C / C++ programming on the cloud? How should a "cloud-friendly" (actually, OpenStack friendly) C/C++ server application be designed?

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  • Share Mulitple Classes as one dll or a lib with Mulitple Projects

    - by JNL
    Currently I have some shared class files(.cpp and .h) which I include them in around 20 Projects. Currently I have to include them in all of the projects. So if I get some business requirments and I change some of the shared(.cpp or .h) files I have to include them in all the 20 Projects which is kind of tedious. Is there a way where I can create a shared dll or library and include it all of my Projects. So if I have to change it, I just have to change it once and then just Add Reference to include that dll or library which contains all the shared(.cpp, .h) files. Any help/recommendations regarding the same, will be highly appreciated. I am using VS2012 for VC++.

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  • Software licensing template that gives room for restricting usage to certain industries/uses of software/source

    - by BSara
    *Why this question is not a duplicate of the questions specified as such: I did not ask if there was a license that restricted specific uses and I did not ask if I could rewrite every line of any open source project. I asked very specifically: "Does there exist X? If not, can I Y with Z?". As far as I can tell, the two questions that were specified as duplicates do not answer my specific question. Please remove the duplicate status placed on the question. I'm developing some software that I would like to be "semi" open source. I would like to allow for anyone to use my software/source unless they are using the software/source for certain purposes. For example, I don't want to allow usage of the software/source if it is being used to create, distribute, view or otherwise support pornography, illegal purposes, etc. I'm no lawyer and couldn't ever hope to write a license myself nor do I have to time to figure how to best do this. My question is this: Does there exist a freely available license or a template for a license that I can use to license my software under they conditions explained above just like one can use the Creative Commons licenses? If not, am I allowed to just alter one of Creative Commons licenses to meet my needs?

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  • What are the basic skills a beginner JavaScript programmer should have?

    - by Sanford
    In NYC, we are working on creating a collaborative community programming environment and trying to segment out software engineers into differing buckets. At present, we are trying to define: Beginners Intermediates Advanced Experts (and/or Masters) Similar to an apprenticeship, you would need to demonstrate specific skills to achieve different levels. Right now, we have identified beginner programming skills as: Object - method, attributes, inheritance Variable - math, string, array, boolean - all are objects Basic arithmetic functions - precedence of functions String manipulation Looping - flow control Conditionals - boolean algebra This is a first attempt, and it is a challenge since we know the natural tension between programming and software engineering. How would you create such a skills-based ranking for JavaScript in this manner? For example, what would be the beginner JavaScript skills that you would need to have to advance to the intermediate training? And so on.

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  • How much code should I be responsible for?

    - by Mick
    Through colleagues and exit interviews, I have heard that at my small company I am "responsible" for anywhere from 3-10 times more code than I would be at another job. I'm trying to look for some sort of fuzzy metric that I can use to compare my workload with others in my field. By "code responsibility", I don't mean "I'm the only one who knows area X of the code base" (though sadly, it's often true in a startup environment), but rather am referring to a number like "code_base_size/number_of_developers". Are there any resources I can use to help me more accurately measure my work load than just counting lines of code?

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  • Is it a waste of time to free resources before I exit a process?

    - by Martin
    Let's consider a fictional program that builds a linked list in the heap, and at the end of the program there is a loop that frees all the nodes, and then exits. For this case let's say the linked list is just 500K of memory, and no special space managing is required. Is that a wast of time, because the OS will do that anyway? Will there be a different behavior later? Is that different according to the OS version? I'm mainly interested in UNIX based systems, but any information will be appreciated. I had today my first lesson in OS course and I'm wondering about that now.

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  • Need help to make a decision in career switch over? [closed]

    - by Fero
    I am a Software Engineer having 4 Years of experinece in web development using PHP, Drupal, MySql, Ajax and client site technologies like javascript, jquery,html and more. I have decided two platforms to switch over my career. SAP-ABAP (Because ABAP is related to coding) SALES FORCE One and only reason is that I am not getting good pack for the technologies what I am working with. Even top level companies are not ready to pay for this technologies. (And I am not expecting more.) To be honest I am good at technical and HR interviews too. So, I started to make an analysis of highly payable platforms and I got these two. SAP and Salesforce (Probabilty of On-site opportunity is also very high on both) Here my questions are: I am totally new to the above mentioned technologies. Which will be best suit for me ? Having basic ideas of the platforms what I have decided - But I am confused to choose I am having Good Coding experiencein PHP, Drupal as well as good experience in MySql. Having very good experience in creating sites related to E-Commerce, LMS, Q&A sites, Travel Sites, Blogs, Social networking site and more. Which I can learn easily or for which I can get good documentations online Kindly understand that I am not creating a debate over here. I hope Professionals over here can Show me the correct path.... I am waiting to travel on that...

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  • Reconstruct a file from a TCP stream

    - by Abhishek Chanda
    I have a client and a server and a third box which sees all packets from the server to the client (but not the other way around). Now when the client requests a file from the server (over HTTP), the third box sees the response. I am trying to reconstruct the file there. I am using libpcap to capture TCP datagrams and trying to reconstruct the file there. Here is what I did Listen for packets on an interface Group all packets which have the same ACK number Sort the group based on SEQ number Extract data from each packet and combine them and write to the disk The problem is, the file thus generated is not exactly the same as the original file. Does everything sound correct here? Some more details: I am using C++ The packet data is being stored as std::vector<char> I did change the byte order while reading the ack number and seq number from the packet using ntohl I am not sure if I need to change the byte order for the data as well. I tried to reverse the data from each packet before combining them, even that did not work. Is there something I am missing?

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  • Compiling GCC or Clang for thumb drive on OSX

    - by user105524
    I have a mac book that I don't have admin rights to which I would like to be able to use either GCC or clang. Since I lack admin right I can't install binutils or a compiler to /usr directory. My plan is to install both of these (using an old macbook that I do have admin rights for) to a flash drive and then run the compiler off of there. How would one go building gcc or clang so that it could run just off of a thumb drive? I've tried both but haven't had any success. I've tried doing it defining as many of the directories as possible through configure, but haven't been able to successfully build. My current configure script for gcc-4.8.1 is (where USB20D is the thumb drive): ../gcc-4.8.1/configure --prefix=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr \ --with-local-prefix=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/local \ --with-native-system-header-dir=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/include \ --with-as=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/as \ --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran\ --with-ld=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ld \ --with-build-time-tools=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin \ AR=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ar \ AS=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/as \ RANLIB=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ranlib \ LD=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ld \ NM=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/nm \ LIPO=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/lipo \ AR_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ar \ AS_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/as \ RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ranlib \ LD_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ld \ NM_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/nm \ LIPO_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/lipo CFLAGS=" -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -B/Volumes/USB20FD/bin -isystem/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/include -static-libgcc -v -L/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/lib " \ LDFLAGS=" -Z -lc -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -L/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/lib -lgcc -syslibroot /Volumes/USB20FD/usr/lib/crt1.10.6.o " Any obvious ideas of which of these options need to be turned on to install the appropriate files on the thumb drive during installation? What other magic occurs during xcode installation which isn't occurring here? Thanks for any suggestions

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  • Reasons for Pair Programming

    - by Jeff Langemeier
    I've worked in a few shops where management has passed the idea of pair programming either to me or another manager/developer, and I can't get behind it at all. From a developer stand-point I can't find a reason why moving to this coding style would be beneficial, nor as a manager of a small team have I seen any benefit. I understand that it helps on basic syntax errors and can be helpful if you need to hash something out, but managers that are out of the programming loop seem to keep seeing it as a way of keeping their designers from going to Facebook or Reddit than as a design tool. As someone close to the development floor that apparently can't quite understand from a book tossed my way or a wiki page on the subject... from a high level management position, what are the benefits of Pair Programming when dealing with Scrum or Agile environments?

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  • C# replacing out parameters with struct

    - by Jonathan
    I'm encountering a lot of methods in my project that have a bunch of out parameters embedded in them and its making it cumbersome to call the methods as I have to start declaring the variables before calling the methods. As such, I would like to refactor the code to return a struct instead and was wondering if this is a good idea. One of the examples from an interface: void CalculateFinancialReturnTotals(FinancialReturn fr, out decimal expenses, out decimal revenue, out decimal levyA, out decimal levyB, out decimal profit, out decimal turnover, out string message) and if I was to refactor that, i would be putting all the out parameters in the struct such that the method signature is much simpler as below. [structName] CalculateFinancialReturnTotals(FinancialReturn fr); Please advise.

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  • Are there any concerns with using a static read-only unit of work so that it behaves like a cache?

    - by Rowan Freeman
    Related question: How do I cache data that rarely changes? I'm making an ASP.NET MVC4 application. On every request the security details about the user will need to be checked with the area/controller/action that they are accessing to see if they are allowed to view it. The security information is stored in the database. For example: User Permission UserPermission Action ActionPermission A "Permission" is a token that is applied to an MVC action to indicate that the token is required in order to access the action. Once a user is given the permission (via the UserPermission table) then they have the token and can therefore access the action. I've been looking in to how to cache this data (since it rarely changes) so that I'm only querying in-memory data and not hitting a database (which is a considerable performance hit at the moment). I've tried storing things in lists, using a caching provider but I either run in to problems or performance doesn't improve. One problem that I constantly run in to is that I'm using lazy loading and dynamic proxies with EntityFramework. This means that even if I ToList() everything and store them somewhere static, the relationships are never populated. For example, User.Permissions is an ICollection but it's always null. I don't want to Include() everything because I'm trying to keep things simple and generic (and easy to modify). One thing I know is that an EntityFramework DbContext is a unit of work that acts with 1st-level caching. That is, for the duration of the unit of work, everything that is accessed is cached in memory. I want to create a read-only DbContext that will exist indefinitely and will only be used to read about permission data. Upon testing this it worked perfectly; my page load times went from 200ms+ to 20ms. I can easily force the data to refresh at certain intervals or simply leave it to refresh when the application pool is recycled. Basically it will behave like a cache. Note that the rest of the application will interact with other contexts that exist per request as normal. Is there any disadvantage to this approach? Could I be doing something different?

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  • Is it dangerous to substitute unit tests for user testing? [closed]

    - by MushinNoShin
    Is it dangerous to substitute unit tests for user testing? A co-worker believes we can reduce the manual user testing we need to do by adding more unit tests. Is this dangerous? Unit tests seem to have a very different purpose than user testing. Aren't unit tests to inform design and allow breaking changes to be caught early? Isn't that fundamentally different than determining if an aspect of the system is correct as a whole of the system? Is this a case of substituting apples for oranges?

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  • Are XML Comments Necessary Documentation?

    - by Bob Horn
    I used to be a fan of requiring XML comments for documentation. I've since changed my mind for two main reasons: Like good code, methods should be self-explanatory. In practice, most XML comments are useless noise that provide no additional value. Many times we simply use GhostDoc to generate generic comments, and this is what I mean by useless noise: /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the unit of measure. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The unit of measure. /// </value> public string UnitOfMeasure { get; set; } To me, that's obvious. Having said that, if there were special instructions to include, then we should absolutely use XML comments. I like this excerpt from this article: Sometimes, you will need to write comments. But, it should be the exception not the rule. Comments should only be used when they are expressing something that cannot be expressed in code. If you want to write elegant code, strive to eliminate comments and instead write self-documenting code. Am I wrong to think we should only be using XML comments when the code isn't enough to explain itself on its own? I believe this is a good example where XML comments make pretty code look ugly. It takes a class like this... public class RawMaterialLabel : EntityBase { public long Id { get; set; } public string ManufacturerId { get; set; } public string PartNumber { get; set; } public string Quantity { get; set; } public string UnitOfMeasure { get; set; } public string LotNumber { get; set; } public string SublotNumber { get; set; } public int LabelSerialNumber { get; set; } public string PurchaseOrderNumber { get; set; } public string PurchaseOrderLineNumber { get; set; } public DateTime ManufacturingDate { get; set; } public string LastModifiedUser { get; set; } public DateTime LastModifiedTime { get; set; } public Binary VersionNumber { get; set; } public ICollection<LotEquipmentScan> LotEquipmentScans { get; private set; } } ... And turns it into this: /// <summary> /// Container for properties of a raw material label /// </summary> public class RawMaterialLabel : EntityBase { /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the id. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The id. /// </value> public long Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the manufacturer id. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The manufacturer id. /// </value> public string ManufacturerId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the part number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The part number. /// </value> public string PartNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the quantity. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The quantity. /// </value> public string Quantity { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the unit of measure. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The unit of measure. /// </value> public string UnitOfMeasure { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the lot number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The lot number. /// </value> public string LotNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the sublot number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The sublot number. /// </value> public string SublotNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the label serial number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The label serial number. /// </value> public int LabelSerialNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the purchase order number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The purchase order number. /// </value> public string PurchaseOrderNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the purchase order line number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The purchase order line number. /// </value> public string PurchaseOrderLineNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the manufacturing date. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The manufacturing date. /// </value> public DateTime ManufacturingDate { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the last modified user. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The last modified user. /// </value> public string LastModifiedUser { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the last modified time. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The last modified time. /// </value> public DateTime LastModifiedTime { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the version number. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The version number. /// </value> public Binary VersionNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the lot equipment scans. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The lot equipment scans. /// </value> public ICollection<LotEquipmentScan> LotEquipmentScans { get; private set; } }

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