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  • Code Smell: Inheritance Abuse

    - by dsimcha
    It's been generally accepted in the OO community that one should "favor composition over inheritance". On the other hand, inheritance does provide both polymorphism and a straightforward, terse way of delegating everything to a base class unless explicitly overridden and is therefore extremely convenient and useful. Delegation can often (though not always) be verbose and brittle. The most obvious and IMHO surest sign of inheritance abuse is violation of the Liskov Substitution Principle. What are some other signs that inheritance is The Wrong Tool for the Job even if it seems convenient?

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  • generate parent child relation from the array to print a multi-level menu?

    - by Karthick Selvam
    How to get parent child relation from this array to print a multi-level menu $menus = array ( 0 => array ( 'id'=>0, 'check' => 1, 'display' =>'Arete Home', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => none, ), 1 => array ( 'id'=>1, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Submit Paper', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 2 => array ( 'id'=>2, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Buy Now', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 1, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1461 => array ( 'id'=>1461, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Where are We?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1463 => array ( 'id'=>1463, 'check' => 1, 'display' =>' About Me?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1464 => array ( 'id'=>1464, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'About You?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1465 => array ( 'id'=>1465, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'About who?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 1, 'subordering' => -10, ), ); code sample: foreach($menus as $id=>$values) { $values['parent']=isset($values['parent']) ? $values['parent'] : 0; $menus[$values['parent']]['childs'][$id]=$values; unset($menus[$id]); } foreach($menus as $id1=>$value2) { $value2['parent']=isset($value2['parent']) ? $value2['parent'] : 0; $menus[$value2['parent']]['childs'][$id1]=$value2; unset($menus[$id1]); }

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  • A sample Memento pattern: Is it correct?

    - by TheSilverBullet
    Following this query on memento pattern, I have tried to put my understanding to test. Memento pattern stands for three things: Saving state of the "memento" object for its successful retrieval Saving carefully each valid "state" of the memento Encapsulating the saved states from the change inducer so that each state remains unaltered Have I achieved these three with my design? Problem This is a zero player game where the program is initialized with a particular set up of chess pawns - the knight and queen. Then program then needs to keep adding set of pawns or knights and queens so that each pawn is "safe" for the next one move of every other pawn. The condition is that either both pawns should be placed, or none of them should be placed. The chessboard with the most number of non conflicting knights and queens should be returned. Implementation I have 4 classes for this: protected ChessBoard (the Memento) private int [][] ChessBoard; public void ChessBoard(); protected void SetChessBoard(); protected void GetChessBoard(int); public Pawn This is not related to memento. It holds info about the pawns public enum PawnType: int { Empty = 0, Queen = 1, Knight = 2, } //This returns a value that shown if the pawn can be placed safely public bool IsSafeToAddPawn(PawnType); public CareTaker This corresponds to caretaker of memento This is a double dimentional integer array that keeps a track of all states. The reason for having 2D array is to keep track of how many states are stored and which state is currently active. An example: 0 -2 1 -1 2 0 - This is current state. With second index 0/ 3 1 - This state has been saved, but has been undone private int [][]State; private ChessBoard [] MChessBoard; //This gets the chessboard at the position requested and assigns it to originator public ChessBoard GetChessBoard(int); //This overwrites the chessboard at given position public void SetChessBoard(ChessBoard, int); private int [][]State; public PlayGame (This is the originator) private bool status; private ChessBoard oChessBoard; //This sets the state of chessboard at position specified public SetChessBoard(ChessBoard, int); //This gets the state of chessboard at position specified public ChessBoard GetChessBoard(int); //This function tries to place both the pawns and returns the status of this attempt public bool PlacePawns(Pawn);

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  • Registration free hosting for ASP.NET web service

    - by Andrew
    I've built a simple ASP.NET web service, tested it locally and would like to test it when externally hosted. Are there free hosting services available where I can just upload the assembly and service description file and test it straight away. Without registering the account, etc. My service does not do anything malicious and I am ok to run it in a restricted (security sandbox, bandwith, calls per second, etc) environment? I have heard about appharbor.com but it looks like an overkill to test a simple web service.

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  • What's the best way to get up to speed with Java?

    - by Kosta
    I'm a software developer that just switched teams so I shall write code in Java now. Last time I wrote something in the language was in programming 101 at uni (I was already an amateur coder back then). So what is the best book/tutorial to get up to speed with Java? Where's the Java - the good parts? Learn you some Java for great good? Learn Java the hard way? Or is it too enterprisey for that kind of passion...?

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  • Most effective work habit for coding? [on hold]

    - by Cris
    Working on a big solo project (~15,000 LOC), I am encountering the following phenomenon: I seem to work best when I program in short bursts of 10-15 minutes. Right now I am working on a section which is a complete first time for me architecturally and if I have any architectural issues that emerge when doing the implementation, I seem to be able to best serve these by taking a total break. Then, later, sketching out the ideas on some paper. And when I feel I have sufficient clarity, then going back to code. This iterates until that architectural issue for that section is resolved. This seems quite counter intuitive: that I can progress more quickly by coding less, and taking more breaks. I am nearing the end of the sections which are "first times" for me, and about to dive into stuff which I am much more familiar and am wondering if this counter intuitive efficiency will continue. So my question is: even for regular coding of sections one is familiar with, which don't require constant re-clarification of the best architecture, is more progress to be attained by taking more breaks and coding in bursts?

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  • Scheme of work contract

    - by Tommy
    I'm in the process of setting up a (one man) company and got to a item on my list "contracts and insurance". I will primary be offering custom software development but may also offer some "open source solutions", install, configure / manage e.t.c. I'm not sure how to approach a contract with a potential customer. I want to be flexible and offer the customer rights over the product (when not using open source of course) but I obviously want / need to be able to reuse code, already written and any future work. Is this possible or is it just something that people do but strictly they shouldn't? Is there a standard freelancing / contacting developer agreement? Going to a lawyer I'm sure is an answer but a very expensive one! If not do you end up with a fresh contract with each job / client and lots of trips to solicitors?

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  • How to convert a Bazaar repository to GIT repository?

    - by Naruto Uzumaki
    We have a large bazaar repository and we want to convert it to a git repository. The bazaar repository contains the folders of each of the interns. Any documentation/code prepared by interns is committed in their directory so there are a huge number of commits. What steps should be performed to securely convert the bazaar repository to a git repository so that we do not lose any commit information. We firstly need to create a backup of the existing bazaar repository and then convert it. Edit: I followed this link: http://librelist.com/browser//cville/2010/2/9/migrate-repository-bzr-to-git/ It's working fine on my system with Ubuntu. But when I try to run it on the actual server it gives me EOF error and crashes Starting export of 1036 revisions ... fatal: EOF in data (1825 bytes remaining) fast-import: dumping crash report to .git/fast_import_crash_11804 Edit 2: I also tried it on a new CentOS system and received the following error fatal: ambiguous argument 'HEAD': unknown revision or path not in the working tree. Use '--' to separate paths from revisions

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  • Where to place the R code for R+Sweave+LaTeX workflow

    - by claytontstanley
    I spent the last week learning 3 new tools: R, Sweave, and LaTeX. One question that came to my mind though when working through my first project: Where do I place the majority of the R code? The tutorials that I read online placed the majority of the R code in the LaTeX .Rnw file. However, I find having a bunch of R calculations in the LaTeX file distracting. What I do find extremely helpful (of course) is to call out to R code in the LaTeX file and embed the result. So the workflow I've been using is to place 99% of my R code in my .R file. I run that file first, save a bunch of calculations as objects, and output the .Rout file once finished (to save the work). Then when running Sweave, I load up that .Rout file, so that I have the majority of my calculations already completed and in the Sweave R session. Then my LaTeX callouts to R are quite simple: Just give me the XTable stored in 'res.table', or give me the result of an already-computed calculation stored in the variable 'res'. So I push towards the minimal amount of R code in the LaTex file possible, to achieve the desired result (embedding stats results in the LaTeX writeup). Does anyone have any experience with this approach? I'm just worried I might run into trouble further down the line, when I start really trying to load up and leverage this workflow.

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  • Why is there no facility to overload static properties in PHP?

    - by Jon
    Intro PHP allows you to overload method calls and property accesses by declaring magic methods in classes. This enables code such as: class Foo { public function __get($name) { return 42; } } $foo = new Foo; echo $foo->missingProperty; // prints "42" Apart from overloading instance properties and methods, since PHP 5.3.0 we can also overload static methods calls by overriding the magic method __callStatic. Something missing What is conspicuously missing from the available functionality is the ability to overload static properties, for example: echo Foo::$missingProperty; // fatal error: access to undeclared static property This limitation is clearly documented: Property overloading only works in object context. These magic methods will not be triggered in static context. Therefore these methods should not be declared static. As of PHP 5.3.0, a warning is issued if one of the magic overloading methods is declared static. But why? My questions are: Is there a technical reason that this functionality is not currently supported? Or perhaps a (shudder) political reason? Have there been any aborted attempts to add this functionality in the past? Most importantly, the question is not "how can I have dynamic static properties in userland PHP?". That said, if you know of an especially cute implementation based on __callStatic that you want to share then by all means do so.

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  • What features of old computers helped you learn to be a better programmer?

    - by David Cary
    What features of old computers helped you learn to be a better programmer -- but don't seem to be available on new computers? I imagine that, while educational, you are really glad some features are gone, such as programs ran so slowly that I could almost see each pixel being plotted, so I got a visceral feel for the effect of various optimizations. I imagine other features you may be a little nostalgic for, such as I could turn on the computer, and write a short program that printed "Hello, World" on the printer, before ever "booting" a "disk". (I'm hoping that this is constructive enough to avoid the fate of the " What have we lost from computers 20 years ago ?" question).

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  • Is programming for me?

    - by user66414
    I have an IT background and was pretty confident until an opportunity came up at work to go into programming(C#). I have never programmed before this. Plus the software I am programming for is a program I have never used before(a 3D modeling software). It has been 6 months..I feel like giving up. Not much training...about 3 weeks of training spread out over the last 6 months. I think I would be good at programming but this experience has kinda making me rethink my decision. Is it me or am I right to be frustrated?

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  • Clarification of "avoid if-else" advice [duplicate]

    - by deviDave
    This question already has an answer here: Elegant ways to handle if(if else) else 21 answers The experts in clean code advise not to use if/else since it's creating an unreadable code. They suggest rather using IF and not to wait till the end of a method without real need. Now, this if/else advice confuses me. Do they say that I should not use if/else at all (!) or to avoid if/else nesting? Also, if they refer to the nesting of if/else, should I not do even a single nesting or I should limit it to max 2 nestings (as some recommends)? When I say single nesting, I mean this: if (...) { if (...) { } else { } } else { } EDIT Also tools like Resharper will suggest reformatting if/else statements. It usually concerts them to if stand-alone statement, and sometimes even to ternary expression.

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  • 0.00006103515625 GB of RAM. Is .NET MicroFramework part of Windows CE?

    - by Rocket Surgeon
    The .NET MicroFramework claims to work on 64K RAM and has list of compatible targets vendors. At the same time, same vendors who ship hardware and create Board Support Packages (vendors like Adeneo) keep releasing something named Windows 7 CE BSP for the same hardware targets. Obviously the OS as heavy as WinCE needs more than 64K RAM. So, somehow .NET MicroFramework is relevant to WinCE, but how ? Is it part of bigger OS or is it base of it, or are both mutually exclusive ? Background: 0.00006103515625 GByte of RAM is same as 64Kbyte of RAM. I am looking for possiblity to use Microsoft development tools for small target like BeagleBone. http://www.adeneo-embedded.com/About-Us/News/Release-of-TI-BeagleBone Nice. Now .. where is a MicroFramework for the same beaglebone ? Is it inside the released pile ?

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  • Algorithm to match items be value into sets base on total

    - by Ben
    Given n sets of items. Each item has a value. The items in a set have similar values but vary by a small amount. The goal is to create new sets containing three items selected from the original sets such that the total of the values is within a given range. Only one item a source set can be selected. For example: If we have the following starting sets: Set A - { 4.0, 3.8, 4.2 } Set B - { 7.0, 6.8, 7.2 } Set C - { 1.0, 0.9, 1.1 } Set D - { 6.5, 6.4, 6.6 } Set E - { 2.5, 2.4, 2.6 } Goal is to create sets containing three elements such that the total is between 11.9 and 12.1. For example { 3.8, 7.2, 1.0 } There can be unused elements. Can someone suggest an algorithm for this problem?

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  • Standard -server to server- and -browser to server- authentication method

    - by jeruki
    I have server with some resources; until now all these resources were requested through a browser by a human user, and the authentication was made with an username/password method, that generates a cookie with a token (to have the session open for some time). Right now the system requires that other servers make GET requests to this resource server but they have to authenticate to get them. We have been using a list of authorized IPs but having two authentication methods makes the code more complex. My questions are: Is there any standard method or pattern to authenticate human users and servers using the same code? If there is not, are the methods I'm using now the right ones or is there a better / more standard way to accomplish what I need? Thanks in advance for any suggestion.

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  • How to discriminate from two nodes with identical frequencies in a Huffman's tree?

    - by Omega
    Still on my quest to compress/decompress files with a Java implementation of Huffman's coding (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffman_coding) for a school assignment. From the Wikipedia page, I quote: Create a leaf node for each symbol and add it to the priority queue. While there is more than one node in the queue: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. Add the new node to the queue. The remaining node is the root node and the tree is complete. Now, emphasis: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. So I have to take two nodes with the lowest frequency. What if there are multiple nodes with the same low frequency? How do I discriminate which one to use? The reason I ask this is because Wikipedia has this image: And I wanted to see if my Huffman's tree was the same. I created a file with the following content: aaaaeeee nnttmmiihhssfffouxprl And this was the result: Doesn't look so bad. But there clearly are some differences when multiple nodes have the same frequency. My questions are the following: What is Wikipedia's image doing to discriminate the nodes with the same frequency? Is my tree wrong? (Is Wikipedia's image method the one and only answer?) I guess there is one specific and strict way to do this, because for our school assignment, files that have been compressed by my program should be able to be decompressed by other classmate's programs - so there must be a "standard" or "unique" way to do it. But I'm a bit lost with that. My code is rather straightforward. It literally just follows Wikipedia's listed steps. The way my code extracts the two nodes with the lowest frequency from the queue is to iterate all nodes and if the current node has a lower frequency than any of the two "smallest" known nodes so far, then it replaces the highest one. Just like that.

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  • What are good/fast methods to pull data from a database using JavaScript?

    - by Yatrix
    I'm pretty new to web technologies and I am creating a filter control that will have cascading controls. We are doing a lot of this through JavaScript and are debating the best route to take to the database. HTTPHandlers, WebServices and Ajax are all being considered (or a combination of them). We want to be able to handle a million rows in theory, so it has to be scalable to at that. We are going through JavaScript as our page must not do post-backs, if your'e wondering. I'm asking from an architectural standpoint, but will take any useful information. Links, control suggestions - anything you have, I'll happily listen to.

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  • What are the downsides of leaving automation tags in production code?

    - by joshin4colours
    I've been setting up debug tags for automated testing of a GWT-based web application. This involves turning on custom debug id tags/attributes for elements in the source of the app. It's a non-trivial task, particularly for larger, more complex web applications. Recently there's been some discussion of whether enabling such debug ids is a good idea to do across the board. Currently the debug ids are only turned on in development and testing servers, not in production. There have been points raised that enabling debug ids does cause performance to take a hit, and that debug ids in production may lead to security issues. What are benefits of doing this? Are there any significant risks for turning on debug tags in production code?

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  • Advice for how to handle company pride

    - by user17971
    We have this "amazing" little product using the latest development methodologies, components with all the bells and whistles. I took over this product maybe 6 months ago and struggled with it from day one. Even though it is supposedly is state of the art because of all its amazing structure, using dependency injections, inversion of control from the unity framework, hibernation and is domain driven in a .net mvvm xaml application to make it streamlined and modular. I knew from the moment I saw the monolith that it was going to be an uphill struggle for me. A lot of little code-bits scattered all around in neatly organized paradigms. Debugging is difficult, tracing the code is difficult, making new code is difficult, although some modifications is surprisinly easy but it doesn't out weight the problems I have with the code by a long shot. When I took over the project I was told that the new management console was ready for delivery and all I had to do was compile it and drop it. This was the beginning of a uphill struggle, our customer didn't agree at all that this was the functionality they had asked for so I had to do modifications to the program to their specifications. Since the project pretty much has been overdue since I took over it it has always been important that we didn't add or change much to the original system. I could modify the existing bits. fast forward until today where I finally completed all their comments and issues with the program but now I think that the users has opened their eyes (even though they saw this program many times) that they will be going backwards with this new system, that it will be much worse than the tool they got today (for a long time due to the fact that I'm the only resource on the project, project manager, tester, developer, integration specialist etc) My problem is that I lost faith in this system quite early due to the nature of the program. Although I made many changes and improvements to the system I wholeheartedly sympathize with the poor users who are going to start using this system. Its not nearly doing all the things it should do. I had this conversation internally with my boss where I told him what I thought about it, that if I were the customer I wouldn't have spent money developing it. So what do I do now? The system in ready, on a staging system and nobody likes it, its too slow and boring and does maybe do 50% of what they need it to do. Despite how much energy and working around the clock I've done to this project: I won't mind scrapping the system but we've spent much money (well my salaries) developing it and my company wants us to be proud of everything we do and advocate it. How will I tackle the contractor when he asks for advice? Surely I can tell him, this is what we agreed upon based on your use case scenarios, and be done with it? How will I inform my boss about this progress? He knows what I feel about it but I always get the feeling he let my criticism pass him by as just hot air, gone tomorrow,.

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  • Getting paid through Ltd or Umbrella company?

    - by Guy
    I am working for a company as a web dev consultant at the moment, and they asked me whether I want to get payed through the Umbrella company or through my Ltd. Which is better for me and why? The @David Thornley made a good point in comments. Don't forget that we are talking about web developing here. I am not sure how is it in UK, but in the country I am from, you get taxed differently for the stuff you do.

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  • Inspiring the method of teaching. Example- C++ :)

    - by Ashwin
    A year ago I graduated with a degree in Computer Science and Engineering. Considering C++ as the first choice of programming language I have been in the process of learning C++ in many ways. At first - five years back - I had many conceptions, most of which were so abstract to me. It started when I knew almost everything about Structs in C and nothing about Classes in C++. I went through a great time experimenting them all and learning a lot. I had a hard time evaluating Procedural programming vs Object-Oriented Programming. Deciding when to choose Procedural or Object-Oriented Programming took a great deal of patience for me. I knew that I cannot underestimate any of these Programming styles... Though Procedural programming is often a better choice than simple sequential unstructured programming, when solving problems with procedural programming, we usually divide one problem into several steps in order regarded as functions. Then we call these functions one by one to get the result of the problem. When solving problems with Object Oriented Priciples we divide one problem into several classes and form the interaction between them. Evaluating these two at the beginning (as a learner) required a lot of inspiration and thoughts. Instructing to think step by step. Relative concepts to understand deeply. Intensive interests to contrast both solving in both POP and OOP. If you were ever a mentor: What ideas/methods would you teach to students in which it will Inspire them to learn a programming language (in general, computer sciences)?

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  • Why profile applications using AOP?

    - by Vance
    When tuning performance in a web application, I am looking for good and light-weight performance profiling tools to measure the execution time for each method. I know that the easiest profiling method is to log the start time and end time for each method, but I see more and more people using AOP to profile (add @profiled before each method). What's the benefit of AOP profiling compared to the common "log" way? Thanks in advance Vance

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  • Who should control navigation in an MVVM application?

    - by SonOfPirate
    Example #1: I have a view displayed in my MVVM application (let's use Silverlight for the purposes of the discussion) and I click on a button that should take me to a new page. Example #2: That same view has another button that, when clicked, should open up a details view in a child window (dialog). We know that there will be Command objects exposed by our ViewModel bound to the buttons with methods that respond to the user's click. But, what then? How do we complete the action? Even if we use a so-called NavigationService, what are we telling it? To be more specific, in a traditional View-first model (like URL-based navigation schemes such as on the web or the SL built-in navigation framework) the Command objects would have to know what View to display next. That seems to cross the line when it comes to the separation of concerns promoted by the pattern. On the other hand, if the button wasn't wired to a Command object and behaved like a hyperlink, the navigation rules could be defined in the markup. But do we want the Views to control application flow and isn't navigation just another type of business logic? (I can say yes in some cases and no in others.) To me, the utopian implementation of the MVVM pattern (and I've heard others profess this) would be to have the ViewModel wired in such a way that the application can run headless (i.e. no Views). This provides the most surface area for code-based testing and makes the Views a true skin on the application. And my ViewModel shouldn't care if it displayed in the main window, a floating panel or a child window, should it? According to this apprach, it is up to some other mechanism at runtime to 'bind' what View should be displayed for each ViewModel. But what if we want to share a View with multiple ViewModels or vice versa? So given the need to manage the View-ViewModel relationship so we know what to display when along with the need to navigate between views, including displaying child windows / dialogs, how do we truly accomplish this in the MVVM pattern?

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  • How to use short breaks at work effectively for self-development?

    - by Alaudo
    At the moment my daily work as a developer requires me to have short 10-20 min breaks after every 2-3 hours. It would be nice if I could use those effectively to improve my expertise in programming or CS in general. I tried several things: Reading jokes online gets boring very soon. Trying to solve some (even the most simple) tasks from different code contests requires more time, as long as I have some idea of an algorithm the time is over. Reading a randomly picked Wikipedia-article about Computer Science: depending upon the article sometimes it requires more time and is not an easy reading for a break. So, I ended up reading StackOverflow questions and answers with most votes: that is entertaining and educative. Do you have any other suggestions?

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