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• How do we know to favour composition over generalisation is always the right choice?

  - by Carnotaurus

  Whether an object physically exists or not, we can choose to model it in different ways. We could arbitarily use generalisation or composition in many cases. However, the GoF principle of "favour composition over generalisation [sic]" guides us to use composition. So, when we model, for example, a line then we create a class that contains two members PointA and PointB of the type Point (composition) instead of extending Point (generalisation). This is just a simplified example of how we can arbitarily choose composition or inheritance to model, despite that objects are usually much more complex. How do we know that this is the right choice? It matters at least because there could be a ton of refactoring to do if it is wrong?

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• Book (or resource) on Java bytecode

  - by Andrea

  I am looking for some resources on the JVM bytecode. Ideally I would for a short book; something more than a blog post but not a 800 pages tome. If it is relevant, I am a Scala developer, not a Java one, although I know Java just fine. I would like something that allowed me to read JVM bytecode and answer questions such as: Why does the bytecode has to know about high level construct such as classes? Are subtyping relations still visible in bytecode? How does type erasure work exactly? How do Oracle and Dalvik bytecode differ, and what consequences does this have for, say, developing Android apps with Scala? How does the JVM manage the stack, and why exactly this creates issues with tail call elimination? and so on.

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• Best way for a mailing list in Android

  - by Asgard

  I want to create a mailing list function based on an address book included in the application, (NOT the user's contacts) for example I have the addresses [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] every email addresses, must be associated with a specific section, the various section should be selected through a checkbox list. every section may have more than an email. I have yet created a working email sender that support the simultaneous sending to many email but I don't know what is the best way to store and load the address in the application and how realize this.

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• Discussion of a Distributed Data Storage implementation

  - by fegol

  I want to implement a distributed data storage using a client/server architecture. Each data item will be stored persistently in disk in one of several remote servers. The client uses a library to update and query the data, shielding the client from its actual location. This should allow a client to associate keys (String) to values(byte[]), much as a Map does. The system must ensure that the amount of data stored in each server is approximately the same. The set of servers is known beforehand by other servers and clients. Both the client and the server will be written in Java, using sockets, threads, and files. I open this topic with the objective of discussing the best way to implement this idea, assuming simplicity, what are the issues of this implementation, performance measurements and discussion of the limitations.

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• OpenSource license with commerial-use exemptions for the owner

  - by dbkk

  I'm looking for an open source license which grants me additional privileges. Features: Anyone can freely modify, fork, use the code, as long as they make their source changes publicly available. They can use it in other open source projects, but not in closed-source projects. Only I and entities I specifically designate can use the code as part of a closed-source application. I am also exempt from the duty to publish the source code changes. I'm not trying to forbid the commercial use, just to allow myself more flexibility to use the code, while still contributing to open source. I don't want to burn myself by being legally forbidden from using the libraries I wrote in my commercial projects. Large companies use such dual licenses to maintain an open source project, while also selling the premium version. Which licenses of this type are available? What caveats or obstacles exist?

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• Finding Telecommuting Opportunities as a Recent College Graduate

  - by stanigator

  Reading the answers to hiring practices of remote vs. local employees and freelance programming sites, I would like to add this question to the mix. I am a recent college graduate from an electrical engineering background with 2 years worth of work terms in programming (C, C++, VBA, Matlab, etc.) while I was still in school. While I am interested in learning other software tools (such as Python, Ruby on Rails, Javascript, etc.), I want to use the tools I have now in a telecommuting role while I grow my toolset. Despite having 2 years of work experience (and I've lost track of when I have started programming), my status as a recent college graduate may be an obstacle of my credibility to compete for telecommuting (or in fact any) programming opportunities. I don't know how I can go about finding telecommute programming opportunities for someone with my situation. Overall, many of previous places I've worked at liked my work. What are your suggestions? Thanks in advance!

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• Code while standing

  - by bgbg

  I have a regular, standard, workplace: a desk, a chair an LCD monitor, a mouse and a keyboard. I would like to have the ability to work while standing. I have the feeling that my employer will not will to buy an adjustable desk, instead of the existing one, so I would like to have your help with ideas on how to convert a workplace to a "standable" one on as low budget as possible. I saw this discussion, but the solutions proposed there are way above my "low budget" definition

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• Algorithm to infer tag hierarchy

  - by Tom

  I'm looking for an algorithm to infer a hierarchy from a set of tagged items. E.g. if the following items have the tags: 1 a 2 a,b 3 a,c 4 a,c,e 5 a,b 6 a,c 7 d 8 d,f Then I can construct an undirected graph (or graphs) by tallying the node weights and edge weights: node weights edge weights a 6 a-b 2 b 2 a-c 3 c 3 c-e 1 d 2 a-e 1 <-- this edge is parallel to a-c and c-e and not wanted e 1 d-f 1 f 1 The first problem is how to drop any redundant edges to get to the simplified graph? Note that it's only appropriate to remove that redundant a-e edge in this case because something is tagged as a-c-e, if that wasn't the case and the tag was a-e, that edge would have to remain. I suspect that means the removal of edges can only happen during the construction of the graph, not after everything has been tallied up. What I'd then like to do is identify the direction of the edges to create a directed graph (or graphs) and pick out root nodes to hopefully create a tree (or trees): trees a d // \\ | b c f \ e It seems like it could be a string algorithm - longest common subsequences/prefixes - or a tree/graph algorithm, but I am a little stuck since I don't know the correct terminology to search for it.

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• SQL Triggers and when or when not to use them.

  - by John Mitchell

  When I was originally learning about SQL I was always told, only use triggers if you really need to and opt to use stored procedures instead if possible. Now unfortunately at the time (a good few years ago) I wasn't as curious and caring about fundamentals as I am now so never did ask to the reason why. What's the communities opinion in this? Is it just someone's personal preference, or should triggers be avoided (just like cursors) unless there is a good reason for them.

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• Perfomance of 8 bit operations on 64 bit architechture

  - by wobbily_col

  I am usually a Python / Database programmer, and I am considering using C for a problem. I have a set of sequences, 8 characters long with 4 possible characters. My problem involves combining sets of these sequences and filtering which sets match a criteria. The combinations of 5 run into billions of rows and takes around an hour to run. So I can represent each sequence as 2 bytes. If I am working on a 64 bit architechture will I gain any advantage by keeping these data structures as 2 bytes when I generate the combinations, or will I be as well storing them as 8 bytes / double ? (64 bit = 8 x 8) If I am on a 64 bit architecture, all registers will be 64 bit, so in terms of operations that shouldn´t be any faster (please correct me if I am wrong). Will I gain anything from the smaller storage requirements - can I fit more combinations in memory, or will they all take up 64 bits anyway? And finally, am I likley to gain anything coding in C. I have a first version, which stores the sequence as a small int in a MySQL database. It then self joins the tabe to itself a number of times in order to generate all the possible combinations. The performance is acceptable, depending on how many combinations are generated. I assume the database must involve some overhead.

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• Serialized values or separate table, which is more efficient?

  - by Aravind

  I have a Rails model email_condition_string with a word column in it. Now I have another model called request_creation_email_config with the following columns admin_filter_group:references vendor_service:references email_condition_string:references email_condition_string has many request_creation_email_config and request_creation_email_config belongs to email_condition_string. Instead of this model a colleague of mine is suggesting that strong the word inside the same model as comma separated values is efficient than storing as a separate model. Is that alright?

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• can you have too many dto/bo - mapping method

  - by Fredou

  I have a windows service, 2 web services and a web interface that need to follow the same path (data wise). So I came up with two ways of creating my solution. My concern is the fact that the UI/WS/etc will have their own kind of DTO (let's say the model in ASP.Net MVC) that should be mapped to a DTO so the SL can then map it to a BO then mapping it to the proper EF6 DTO so that I can save it in a database. So I'm thinking of doing it this way to remove one level of mapping. Which one should I take? Or is there a 3rd solution?

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• Do support sites like Stack Overflow upset the paid-support open source model?

  - by ajax81

  In order to stay relevant in the marketplace, I'm researching new business models for my software company. The open source model with paid support seems like a good fit for our product, but I have concerns about whether or not a paid support model is viable in an era where top-notch help is readily available for free on sites like those in the Stack Exchange network. Case in point -- I moved my employees to Ubuntu last year because I didn't want to pay for Win 7 licenses and new hardware (plus, the mono platform was highly attractive). My staff had no Linux experience, but were able to achieve relative competency in about 120 days with the help of AskUbuntu, Stack Overflow, and a few "For Dummies" books. We did employ an Ubuntu consultant for 7 days to provide training and support, but beyond that spent $0.00 on any kind of paid expertise. In regards to my due diligence, I ran a 3 month beta of the freemium-paid-support model with one of our smaller customers, and achieved mediocre results. I'd like to think its because our software is so stable and easy to use that the customer didn't need much paid support, but I suspect that they circumvented the terms of our SLA in the same manner that we did with the move to Ubuntu. Does anyone out there has any thoughts, advice, or experience relevant to the move I'm considering? What worked, what didn't, etc?

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• When Is It Acceptable to NOT Fix Broken Windows?

  - by Bullines

  In reference to broken windows... Are there times when refactoring is best left for a future activity? For example, if a project to add some new features to an existing internal system is assigned to a team that has not worked with the system until now, and is given a short timeline in which to work with - can it be ever be justifiable to defer major refactorings to existing code for the sake of making the deadline in this scenario?

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• Method chaining vs encapsulation

  - by Oak

  There is the classic OOP problem of method chaining vs "single-access-point" methods: main.getA().getB().getC().transmogrify(x, y) vs main.getA().transmogrifyMyC(x, y) The first seems to have the advantage that each class is only responsible for a smaller set of operations, and makes everything a lot more modular - adding a method to C doesn't require any effort in A, B or C to expose it. The downside, of course, is weaker encapsulation, which the second code solves. Now A has control of every method that passes through it, and can delegate it to its fields if it wants to. I realize there's no single solution and it of course depends on context, but I would really like to hear some input about other important differences between the two styles, and under what circumstances should I prefer either of them - because right now, when I try to design some code, I feel like I'm just not using the arguments to decide one way or the other.

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• Extracting main article from webpage/feed. Is it legal/ethical?

  - by Mahdi Ghiasi

  There are some applications like Readability and Pocket, which are letting users to read the main content of web pages, in a clean interface or such. But the articles should be bookmarked from another application, or the web browser. However, I'm creating a news reader app (Zite and Flipboard are popular news reader apps), and I want to create a clean experience for users, so I want to show full content of articles inside my application. Some websites have fulltext feeds, and I'm using it. But about some other websites, which don't have full text feeds: I want to know, is it legal/ethical to use for example Readability API (Or maybe writing my own code for this) to show full text of articles inside my application?

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• How does affliate marketing work, technically?

  - by Ron Gonzales

  There are lots of companies like Commision Junction that let you sell other people's products for a commission. How do these programs work, technically? Ie, are you simply given a link to the product you want to sell with an embedded ID in the URL? Does it involve cookies somehow? Do you take the order yourself and forward the information to the actual supplier of the goods/services? And how do you know if the program or the 'affliate network' isn't ripping you off by not creditting you for a sale?

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• Packages organisation with MVC design pattern

  - by Oltarus

  I have been programming quite a lot now and still can't decide which of these packages hierachies was the best: package1 Class1Controller Class1Model Class1View package2 Class2Controller Class2Model Class2View or controller Class1Controller Class2Contoller model Class1Model Class2Model view Class1View Class2View In other words, is it better to apply the MVC design pattern to classes or to packages? Is there any reason to choose one over the other? My question is language-agnostic, but I'm mostly a Java programmer, if it does any difference.

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• What is a good way to share internal helpers?

  - by toplel32

  All my projects share the same base library that I have build up over quite some time. It contains utilities and static helper classes to assist them where .NET doesn't exactly offer what I want. Originally all the helpers were written mainly to serve an internal purpose and it has to stay that way, but sometimes they prove very useful to other assemblies. Now making them public in a reliable way is more complicated than most would think, for example all methods that assume nullable types must now contain argument checking while not charging internal utilities with the price of doing so. The price might be negligible, but it is far from right. While refactoring, I have revised this case multiple times and I've come up with the following solutions so far: Have an internal and public class for each helper The internal class contains the actual code while the public class serves as an access point which does argument checking. Cons: The internal class requires a prefix to avoid ambiguity (the best presentation should be reserved for public types) It isn't possible to discriminate methods that don't need argument checking   Have one class that contains both internal and public members (as conventionally implemented in .NET framework). At first, this might sound like the best possible solution, but it has the same first unpleasant con as solution 1. Cons: Internal methods require a prefix to avoid ambiguity   Have an internal class which is implemented by the public class that overrides any members that require argument checking. Cons: Is non-static, atleast one instantiation is required. This doesn't really fit into the helper class idea, since it generally consists of independent fragments of code, it should not require instantiation. Non-static methods are also slower by a negligible degree, which doesn't really justify this option either. There is one general and unavoidable consequence, alot of maintenance is necessary because every internal member will require a public counterpart. A note on solution 1: The first consequence can be avoided by putting both classes in different namespaces, for example you can have the real helper in the root namespace and the public helper in a namespace called "Helpers".

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• Why should I use Bower? [closed]

  - by Wil

  I can fully appreciate the benefits of a package manager like Python PIP, Node npm, or Ruby Gems since they're doing much more than adding files to your applications path. Maybe I'm missing the point, or I'm being obtuse, but here are the negatives I can see: Separate step when building a project Separate dependency to install via another package manager (yo dawg) More clutter in the projects root with bower.json and / or .bowerrc Reliance on the registry being up to date, correct, and available Some imports / references to things like images won't work The positives I can see are these: I don't have to download the dependencies manually Optionally install packages as part of scaffolding based on user prompts or the like I'd really like to know of any benefits I'm unaware of, and I should say I'm not trying to be provocative I genuinely want to know.

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• How can I make a universal construction more efficient?

  - by VF1

  A "universal construction" is a wrapper class for a sequential object that enables it to be linearized (a strong consistency condition for concurrent objects). For instance, here's an adapted wait-free construction, in Java, from [1], which presumes the existence of a wait-free queue that satisfies the interface WFQ (which only requires one-time consensus between threads) and assumes a Sequential interface: public interface WFQ<T> // "FIFO" iteration { int enqueue(T t); // returns the sequence number of t Iterable<T> iterateUntil(int max); // iterates until sequence max } public interface Sequential { // Apply an invocation (method + arguments) // and get a response (return value + state) Response apply(Invocation i); } public interface Factory<T> { T generate(); } // generate new default object public interface Universal extends Sequential {} public class SlowUniversal implements Universal { Factory<? extends Sequential> generator; WFQ<Invocation> wfq = new WFQ<Invocation>(); Universal(Factory<? extends Sequential> g) { generator = g; } public Response apply(Invocation i) { int max = wfq.enqueue(i); Sequential s = generator.generate(); for(Invocation invoc : wfq.iterateUntil(max)) s.apply(invoc); return s.apply(i); } } This implementation isn't very satisfying, however, since it presumes determinism of a Sequential and is really slow. I attempted to add memory recycling: public interface WFQD<T> extends WFQ<T> { T dequeue(int n); } // dequeues only when n is the tail, else assists other threads public interface CopyableSequential extends Sequential { CopyableSequential copy(); } public class RecyclingUniversal implements Universal { WFQD<CopyableSequential> wfqd = new WFQD<CopyableSequential>(); Universal(CopyableSequential init) { wfqd.enqueue(init); } public Response apply(Invocation i) { int max = wfqd.enqueue(i); CopyableSequential cs = null; int ctr = max; for(CopyableSequential csq : wfq.iterateUntil(max)) if(--max == 0) cs = csq.copy(); wfqd.dequeue(max); return cs.apply(i); } } Here are my specific questions regarding the extension: Does my implementation create a linearizable multi-threaded version of a CopyableSequential? Is it possible extend memory recycling without extending the interface (perhaps my new methods trivialize the problem)? My implementation only reduces memory when a thread returns, so can this be strengthened? [1] provided an implementation for WFQ<T>, not WFQD<T> - one does exist, though, correct? [1] Herlihy and Shavit, The Art of Multiprocessor Programming.

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• Approach for developing software that will need to be ported to multiple mobile platforms in the future

  - by Jonathan Henson

  I am currently doing the preliminary design for a new product my company will be pushing out soon. We will start on Android, but then we will need to quickly develop the IPhone, IPad.... and then the Windows 8 ports of the application. Basically the only code that wouldn't be reusable is the view specific code and the multimedia functions. This will be an SIP client (of course the user of the app will not know this) with several bells and whistles for our own business specific purposes. My initial thought is to develop all of the engine in C and provide a nice API for the C library since JAVA and .NET will allow native invoking, and I should just be able to directly link to the C lib in objective-C. Is there a better approach for vast code reuse which also remains close to the native platform? I.e. I don't want dependencies such as Mono-droid and the like or complicated interpreter/translator schemes. I don't mind re-coding the view(s) for each platform, but I do not want to have multiple versions of the main engine. Also, if I want to have some good abstraction mechanisms (like I would in say, C++) is this possible? I have read that C++ is not allowed for the IPad and Iphone devices. I would love to handle the media decoding in the C library, but I assume that this will be platform dependent so that probably will not be an option either. Any ideas here?

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• HTML5 video capture and streaming?

  - by Shyatic

  I'm working on kind of an educational site, where there are teachers and students around the world (potentially). Since it's a non-profit site, and I don't have the need for it to be done tomorrow (kind of a side project of something bigger), I wanted to know the best way to figure out how to do this. I'm not a programmer by trade, I've been on the systems side of things for years, but I understand most technology and the question here is more how to gauge what to do so I can get the right resources in place. That said... here's what I am looking at. I figure the future is HTML5, and that's probably where I'd rather spend my efforts given that it will be cross platform and without the need for plugins. It will work on mobile as well. Question is, how well does HTML5 handle input media, say desktop capture and camera, or on mobile perhaps, where I'd want to use the user's phone camera, etc. Second question is dynamic streaming... I've read about MPEG DASH, then there are technologies like Smooth Streaming (which I think given the way Silverlight is going is going to be gone or useless), then also Apple and Flash, but if I'm doing HTML5 it doesn't benefit me. Any ideas here would be really helpful, and the more detail the better! :) That's about it... there are free chat services out there like using the MSN Web Chat controls (how good they are, I don't know, but worldwide most people have a Hotmail/MSN account) so I can use that for chat. I don't know its limitations of course, but that's something if people know or have suggestions, then I'm all ears. Thanks for the help, I greatly appreciate it!

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• What makes for the ideal project? [closed]

  - by Hans Westerbeek

  I try to be careful when accepting assignments, to avoid mutual disappointment. So, I started to come up with a list of things that I consider ingredients for The Ideal Project: (in no particular order) What did I miss? What did I get wrong? Team size < 6 persons to avoid having too many meetings Team members must be dedicated to the project Gut-feeling-estimate (made by developers) of running period does not exceed 4 months. Projects longer than that tend to become open-ended, and are therefore not projects. Has a Product Owner who has mandate and is well-respected at their own company and who has a real interest in the long-term success of the project. Has no technical involvement from people that are not on the team. (yes that's you, Mr Architect That Doesn't Code) All the usual about quiet working conditions Exciting subject matter. Content management is just not as cool as controlling robots :)

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• Problems hiring someone on elance or similar sites

  - by akim

  I am assigned to hire some developers/designers in these kind of sites, and I'm looking for war stories about problems with this strategy. All I found so far are tips about getting more jobs as a freelancer, but nothing about being in the other side. We need a web designer and maybe a web programer for a internal and small site, but really important with a very short deadline. Any thoughts about? Does it worth to hire someone? Or we should work extra hour and get this done by ourselves?

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