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  • Sorting objects before rendering

    - by dreta
    I'm trying to implement a scene graph and in all the articles i've come across there is talk about object sorting. So you'd sort your objects by "material" for example. Now untill i sat down and started implementing it, i kind of took this for granted, because it made sense. But now i'm wondering what does sorting actually change? In my engine, i have a manager for UBOs, i use those to store data that'll be shared between programs, at the moment that only involves time, camera and projection matrices and lights (i'm not worrying about managing which lights affect which objects ATM). Now for each model i have to change the model to world matrix uniform, no sorting is going to change that. So is the jump from changing this matrix to also setting a material for each object that bad? I vaguely remember reading somewhere that each time you change something in the pipeline, it has to get flushed and that can cause performance issues. But for each drawing call i'm setting up a model to world matrix anyway, so what sense does it make to ever be concerned about this? BTW is there any information about whether changing a uniform and calling glBufferSubData is more (or less) expensive.

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  • What is causing these visual artifacts on my OpenGL sprites?

    - by Amplify91
    What could be the cause of the defects in my characters sprite? I am using OpenGL ES 2.0. I draw my sprites in a sprite batch that uses UV coordinates from one large texture atlas. If you look around the character' edges, you'll see two noticeable problems: The invisible alpha background is not invisible, but shows a strange static-like background. There are unwanted streaks where the character nears the edge of the frame (but only in some frames of the animation, this happened to be one of them). Any idea what could be causing these? I will provide related code if asked for, but I'll try to avoid just dumping the entire project and expecting someone to look through it all. EDIT: Here's a bit of code: This is how I generate my UV coordinates: private float[] createFrameUV(int frameWidth, int frameHeight, int x, int y){ float[] uv = new float[4]; if(numberOfFrames>1){ float width = (float)frameWidth / (float)mBitmap.getWidth(); float height = (float)frameHeight / (float)mBitmap.getHeight(); float u = (float)x / (float)mBitmap.getWidth(); float v = (float)y / (float)mBitmap.getHeight(); uv[0] = u; uv[1] = v; uv[2] = u + width; uv[3] = v + height; }else{ uv[0] = 0f; uv[1] = 0f; uv[2] = 1f; uv[3] = 1f; } return uv; } These are some OpenGL settings: GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GLES20.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GLES20.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);

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  • 3D Modeling Software for Programmer [closed]

    - by Pathachiever11
    I've recently learned how to make games for Unity3d, and now I want to start making games! I can't wait to start! However, before I can make 3D games, I need to learn 3D modeling for character design, level design, and some animation. What is the easiest 3D modeling software, compatible with Unity3d? I do not want to spend too much time learning the software. From what I've heard, Blender is a bit complicated to use. Maya and 3dsMax seem very powerful. Could someone point me in the right direction? I don't want to spend a lot of time learning. I know its not that easy, but you guys have experience, you guys probably know out of all which one is easier and powerful. Could you recommend a software? Many Thanks!

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  • Calculate velocity of a bullet ricocheting on a circle

    - by SteveL
    I made a picture to demostrate what I need,basecaly I have a bullet with velocity and I want it to bounce with the correct angle after it hits a circle Solved(look the accepted answer for explain): Vector.vector.set(bullet.vel); //->v Vector.vector2.setDirection(pos, bullet.pos); //->n normal from center of circle to bullet float dot=Vector.vector.dot(Vector.vector2); //->dot product Vector.vector2.mul(dot).mul(2); Vector.vector.sub(Vector.vector2); Vector.vector.y=-Vector.vector.y; //->for some reason i had to invert the y bullet.vel.set(Vector.vector);

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  • CW/CCW Rotation of a Vector

    - by user23132
    Considering that I have a vector A, and after an arbitrary rotation I get vector B. I want to use this rotation operation in others vectors as well, but I'm having problems in doing that. My idea do that is to calculate the perpendicular vector C of the plane AB (by calculating AxB). This vector C is the axis that I'll need to rotate. To discover the angle I used the dot product between A and B, the acos of the dot product will return the lowest angle between A and B, the angle ang. The rotation I need to do is then: -rotate *ang*º around the C axis. The problem is that I dont know if this rotation is a CW or CCW rotation, since the cos of the dot product does not give me information of the sign of the angle. There's a tip discover that in 2D ( A.x * B.y - A.y * B.x) that you can use to discover if the vector A is at left/right of vector B. But I dont know how to do this in 3D space. Can anyone help me?

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  • Confusion with Libgdx UI

    - by BrotherJack
    I've started with Libgdx and am currently stumbling about trying to understand how to set up the interface. I have generated the base projects in Eclipse ( < proj-name ,< proj-name -android, < proj-name -desktop, < proj-name -html), and can get the program to display a simple background, play a looping sound file, and draw a tank. I have been having some problems implementing the UI though. I want to make a collapsible interface bar at the bottom of the screen that would contain buttons for movement, and selecting weapons. I'm confused since there appears to be several ways of doing this and the documentation (or tutorials explaining it) tend to be obsolete. How would one go about this? Use a stage for the bar and actors for the widgets? I'm a little lost on this.

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  • Make Interactive Story more Variable [on hold]

    - by Guest0343
    I'm creating an interactive story that allows users to make choices based on a story. However, it doesn't give users room to do much creatively on their own. They are bound by the script at the moment. I'm wondering if anyone can suggest any element I can add that might give users some personalization. I was thinking about maybe character editing, but that doesn't add too much. I also thought about a stats system where they can have certain attributes and stats they might earn, but I'm not sure how they might use those stats. Anything is helpful!

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  • 2D SAT Collision Detection not working when using certain polygons (With example)

    - by sFuller
    My SAT algorithm falsely reports that collision is occurring when using certain polygons. I believe this happens when using a polygon that does not contain a right angle. Here is a simple diagram of what is going wrong: Here is the problematic code: std::vector<vec2> axesB = polygonB->GetAxes(); //loop over axes B for(int i = 0; i < axesB.size(); i++) { float minA,minB,maxA,maxB; polygonA->Project(axesB[i],&minA,&maxA); polygonB->Project(axesB[i],&minB,&maxB); float intervalDistance = polygonA->GetIntervalDistance(minA, maxA, minB, maxB); if(intervalDistance >= 0) return false; //Collision not occurring } This function retrieves axes from the polygon: std::vector<vec2> Polygon::GetAxes() { std::vector<vec2> axes; for(int i = 0; i < verts.size(); i++) { vec2 a = verts[i]; vec2 b = verts[(i+1)%verts.size()]; vec2 edge = b-a; axes.push_back(vec2(-edge.y,edge.x).GetNormailzed()); } return axes; } This function returns the normalized vector: vec2 vec2::GetNormailzed() { float mag = sqrt( x*x + y*y ); return *this/mag; } This function projects a polygon onto an axis: void Polygon::Project(vec2* axis, float* min, float* max) { float d = axis->DotProduct(&verts[0]); float _min = d; float _max = d; for(int i = 1; i < verts.size(); i++) { d = axis->DotProduct(&verts[i]); _min = std::min(_min,d); _max = std::max(_max,d); } *min = _min; *max = _max; } This function returns the dot product of the vector with another vector. float vec2::DotProduct(vec2* other) { return (x*other->x + y*other->y); } Could anyone give me a pointer in the right direction to what could be causing this bug? Edit: I forgot this function, which gives me the interval distance: float Polygon::GetIntervalDistance(float minA, float maxA, float minB, float maxB) { float intervalDistance; if (minA < minB) { intervalDistance = minB - maxA; } else { intervalDistance = minA - maxB; } return intervalDistance; //A positive value indicates this axis can be separated. } Edit 2: I have recreated the problem in HTML5/Javascript: Demo

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  • Given a start and end point, how can I constrain the end point so the resulting line segment is horizontal, vertical, or 45 degrees?

    - by GloryFish
    I have a grid of letters. The player clicks on a letter and drags out a selection. Using Bresenham's Algorithm I can create a line of highlighted letters representing the player's selection. However, what I really want is to have the line segment be constrained to 45 degree angles (as is common for crossword-style games). So, given a start point and an end point, how can I find the line that passes through the start point and is closest to the end point? Bonus: To make things super sweet I'd like to get a list of points in the grid that the line passes through, and for super MEGA bonus points, I'd like to get them in order of selection (i.e. from start point to end point).

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  • Can I animate render targets or the swap chain?

    - by Eric F.
    I want to animate some synthetic video bits to fullscreen w/o tearing. Can I set up D3D 9/10/11 in exclusive mode, and have it present a series of buffers that I'm writing to? I know how to copy system memory bits into a texture, then draw that texture as a fullscreen quad, but it seems like overkill. Why should I use the triangle rasterizer when I want to do something so simple? All I want to do is set up a long (4-8 buffer) swapchain and set the bits of the back buffer that is about to be displayed. Or, I want to allocate 4-8 RenderTargets, and on each frame, copy the bits from system memory to the RenderTarget, then set it as the next thing to display. I've never seen or heard about anybody doing this, but it seems so dead simple!

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  • How do I create a bounding frustrum from a view & projection matrix?

    - by Narf the Mouse
    Given a left-handed Projection matrix, a left-handed View matrix, a ViewProj matrix of View * Projection - How do I create a bounding Frustum comprised of near, far, left, right and top, bottom planes? The only example I could find on Google (Tutorial 16: Frustum Culling) seems to not work; for example, if the math is used as given, the near-plane's distance is a negative. This places the near-plane behind the camera...

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  • How do I create a curved line or filled circle or generally a circle using C++/SDL?

    - by NoobScratcher
    Hello I've been trying for ages to make a pixel circle using the putpixel function provided by SDL main website here is that function : void putpixel(int x,int y , int color , SDL_Surface* surface) { unsigned int *ptr = static_cast <unsigned int *> (surface->pixels); int offset = y * (surface->pitch/sizeof(unsigned int)); ptr[offset + x] = color; } and my question is how do I curve a line or create an circle arc of pixels or any other curved shape then a rectangle or singular pixel or line. for example here are some pictures filled pixel circle below enter link description here now my idea was too change the x and y value of the pixel position using + and - to create the curves but in practice didn't provide the correct results what my results are in this is to be able to create a circle that is made out of pixels only nothing else. thank you for anyone who takes the time to read this question thanks! :D

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  • Rotating a child shape relative to its parent's orientation

    - by user1423893
    When rotating a shape using a quaternion value I also wish rotate its child shape. The parent and child shapes both start with different orientations but their relative orientations should always be the same. How can I use the difference between the previous and current quaternions of the parent shape in order to transform the child segment and rotate it relative to its parent shape? public Quaternion Orientation { get { return entity.Orientation; } set { Quaternion previousValue = entity.Orientation; entity.Orientation = value; // Use the difference between the quaternion values to update child orientation } }

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  • Permanently Sync a wiimote with a computer

    - by Adam Geisweit
    i have tried to look up many ways to sync up my wiimotes to my computer so that i can program games with it, but every time it only syncs them up temporarily, or if it says it can permanently sync it, it doesn't actually do it. it gets tiresome when i have to keep on reconnecting it every time i want to save battery life. how would i be able to sync up my wiimote to my computer so that if i turn off my wiimote, i can just hit any button and it will automatically sync it up?

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  • Calculating vertex normals on the GPU

    - by Etan
    I have some height-map sampled on a regular grid stored in an array. Now, I want to use the normals on the sampled vertices for some smoothing algorithm. The way I'm currently doing it is as follows: For each vertex, generate triangles to all it's neighbours. This results in eight neighbours when using the 1-neighbourhood for all vertices except at the borders. +---+---+ ¦ \ ¦ / ¦ +---o---+ ¦ / ¦ \ ¦ +---+---+ For each adjacent triangle, calculate it's normal by taking the cross product between the two distances. As the triangles all have the same size when projected on the xy-plane, I simply average over all eight normals then and store it for this vertex. However, as my data grows larger, this approach takes too much time and I would prefer doing it on the GPU in a shader code. Is there an easy method, maybe if I could store my height-map as a texture?

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  • Where to start? (3D Modeling)

    - by herfus
    I'm looking for a good resource to start learning 3d modeling. I'm looking for something that starts with the basics (e.g. terminology; what are quads, triangles etc.) before/while going into the actual modeling. Book, website, video, anything will do. I'm only concerned with the quality of the tutorials, how thorough they are. I have experience with texturing, level design and so on - but I've never created anything more than simple shapes/editing existing assets.

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  • What functionality should I use in OpenGL 2.0?

    - by Jeffrey
    Considering OpenGL 2.1, we all know that glBegin and glEnd are the devil. Should I use only VBO to render 3d primitives (I can't find VAO in that version, weren't there already?)? Should I still use the matrix stack (why not?)? Should I still use glFrustum? Can I take advantage of shaders in GLSL 1.20? Where can I find a tutorial for VBO in OpenGL 2.1 and the "correct" way of programming in it? Also how am I supposed to animate something. Like a cube moving around an object or a player moving in the scene (static vbo data + shader?)? Note: Take your time to answer this question, I'll accept an answer tomorrow.

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  • How does one specify raster operations in XNA?

    - by Corey Ogburn
    I'm looking for a way to add a sprite using a particular logic operation (like XOR). I can't find anything on Google and I'm not sure where to look in the documentation. I've looked into SpriteBatch.Begin(...) and its Draw method and several options in the GraphicsDevice class, but I'm not recognizing anything capable of this. I'm still pretty new to XNA so I may just not have recognized the terminology to do this.

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  • Outline Shader Effect for Orthogonal Geometry in XNA

    - by Griffin
    I just recently started learning the art of shading, but I can't give an outline width to 2D, concave geometry when restrained to a single vertex/pixel shader technique (thanks to XNA). the shape I need to give an outline to has smooth, per-vertex coloring, as well as opacity. The outline, which has smooth, per-vertex coloring, variable width, and opacity cannot interfere with the original shape's colors. A pixel depth border detection algorithm won't work because pixel depth isn't a 3.0 semantic. expanding geometry / redrawing won't work because it interferes with the original shape's colors. I'm wondering if I can do something with the stencil/depth buffer outside of the shader functions since I have access to that through the graphics device. But I don't believe I'm able to manipulate actual values. How might I do this?

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  • Strange behavior of RigidBody with gravity and impulse applied

    - by Heisenbug
    I'm doing some experiments trying to figure out how physics works in Unity. I created a cube mesh with a BoxCollider and a RigidBody. The cuve is laying on a mesh plane with a BoxCollider. I'm trying to update the object position applying a force on its RigidBody. Inside script FixedUpdate function I'm doing the following: public void FixedUpdate() { if (leftButtonPressed()) this.rigidbody.AddForce( this.transform.forward * this.forceStrength, ForceMode.Impulse); } Despite the object is aligned with the world axis and the force is applied along Z axis, it performs a quite big rotation movement around its y axis. Since I didn't modify the center of mass and the BoxCollider position and dimension, all values should be fine. Removing gravity and letting the object flying without touching the plane, the problem doesn't show. So I suppose it's related to the friction between objects, but I can't understand exactly which is the problem. Why this? What's my mistake? How can I fix this, or what's the right way to do such a moving an object on a plane through a force impulse?

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  • Best way to load rigid bodies from file

    - by Mel
    I'm trying to switch to bullet for physics simulation. Lemme just say first that I am so pleased with bullet's accuracy and performance. After messing around it for a bit, I'm now trying to load rigid bodies from files. Most of my models are in blender and with some searching, I was able to export them in .bullet format. However, loading the files into bullet doesn't look like an easy task. I've come across this page that points me to a sample application that loads bullet files. But then it goes and says that this loader is just a starting point. Is there any open source library out there that will allow me to load rigid bodies from a file? I don't really wanna spend that much time trying to create my own loader.

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  • Basics of drawing in 2d with OpenGL 3 shaders

    - by davidism
    I am new to OpenGL 3 and graphics programming, and want to create some basic 2d graphics. I have the following scenario of how I might go about drawing a basic (but general) 2d rectangle. I'm not sure if this is the correct way to think about it, or, if it is, how to implement it. In my head, here's how I imagine doing it: t = make_rectangle(width, height) build general VBO, centered at 0, 0 optionally: t.set_scale(2) optionally: t.set_angle(30) t.draw_at(x, y) calculates some sort of scale/rotate/translate matrix (or matrices), passes the VBO and the matrix to a shader program Something happens to clip the world to the view visible on screen. I'm really unclear on how 4 and 5 will work. The main problem is that all the tutorials I find either: use fixed function pipeline, are for 3d, or are unclear how to do something this "simple". Can someone provide me with either a better way to think of / do this, or some concrete code detailing performing the transformations in a shader and constructing and passing the data required for this shader transformation?

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  • Cocos2d update leaking memory

    - by Andrey Chernukha
    I have a weird issue - my app is leaking memory on device only, not on a simulator. It is leaking if i schedule update method anywhere, on any scene. It is leaking despite update method is empty, there's nothing inside it except NSLog. How can it be? I have even scheduled update on the very first scene where it seems there's nothing to leak, and scheduled another empty and it's leaking or not leaking but allocating something, the result is the same - the volume of the memory consumed is increasing and my app is crashing soon. I can detect the leakage via using Instruments-Memory-Activity Monitor or with help of following function: void report_memory(void) { struct task_basic_info info; mach_msg_type_number_t size = sizeof(info); kern_return_t kerr = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t)&info, &size); if( kerr == KERN_SUCCESS ) { NSLog(@"Memory in use (in bytes): %u", info.resident_size); } else { NSLog(@"Error with task_info(): %s", mach_error_string(kerr)); } } Can anyone explain me what's going on?

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  • How does this snippet of code create a ray direction vector?

    - by Isaac Waller
    In the Minecraft source code, this code is used to create a direction vector for a ray from pitch and yaw:' float f1 = MathHelper.cos(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f3 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f5 = -MathHelper.cos(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); float f7 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); return Vec3D.createVector(f3 * f5, f7, f1 * f5); I was wondering how it worked, and what is the constant 0.01745329F?

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  • Make objects slide across the screen in random positions

    - by user3475907
    I want to make an object appear randomly at the right hand side of the screen and then slide across the screen and disapear at the left hand side. I am working with libgdx. I have this bit of code but it makes items fall from the top down. Please help. public EntityManager(int amount, OrthoCamera camera) { player = new Player(new Vector2(15, 230), new Vector2(0, 0), this, camera); for (int i = 0; i < amount; i++) { float x = MathUtils.random(0, MainGame.HEIGHT - TextureManager.ENEMY.getHeight()); float y = MathUtils.random(MainGame.WIDTH, MainGame.WIDTH * 10); float speed = MathUtils.random(2, 10); addEntity(new Enemy(new Vector2(x, y), new Vector2(-0, -speed))); }

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