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• Hardware instancing for voxel engine

  - by Menno Gouw

  i just did the tutorial on Hardware Instancing from this source: http://www.float4x4.net/index.php/2011/07/hardware-instancing-for-pc-in-xna-4-with-textures/. Somewhere between 900.000 and 1.000.000 draw calls for the cube i get this error "XNA Framework HiDef profile supports a maximum VertexBuffer size of 67108863." while still running smoothly on 900k. That is slightly less then 100x100x100 which are a exactly a million. Now i have seen voxel engines with very "tiny" voxels, you easily get to 1.000.000 cubes in view with rough terrain and a decent far plane. Obviously i can optimize a lot in the geometry buffer method, like rendering only visible faces of a cube or using larger faces covering multiple cubes if the area is flat. But is a vertex buffer of roughly 67mb the max i can work with or can i create multiple?

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• Keep 3d model facing the camera at all angles

  - by Sparky41

  I'm trying to keep a 3d plane facing the camera at all angles but while i have some success with this: Vector3 gunToCam = cam.cameraPosition - getWorld.Translation; Vector3 beamRight = Vector3.Cross(torpDirection, gunToCam); beamRight.Normalize(); Vector3 beamUp = Vector3.Cross(beamRight, torpDirection); shipeffect.beamWorld = Matrix.Identity; shipeffect.beamWorld.Forward = (torpDirection) * 1f; shipeffect.beamWorld.Right = beamRight; shipeffect.beamWorld.Up = beamUp; shipeffect.beamWorld.Translation = shipeffect.beamPosition; *Note: Logic not wrote by me i just found this rather useful It seems to only face the camera at certain angles. For example if i place the camera behind the plane you can see it that only Roll's around the axis like this: http://i.imgur.com/FOKLx.png (imagine if you are looking from behind where you have fired from. Any idea what to what the problem is (angles are not my specialty) shipeffect is an object that holds this class variables: public Texture2D altBeam; public Model beam; public Matrix beamWorld; public Matrix[] gunTransforms; public Vector3 beamPosition;

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• DX9 Deferred Rendering, GBuffer displays as clear color only

  - by Fire31

  I'm trying to implement Catalin Zima's Deferred Renderer in a very lightweight c++ DirectX 9 app (only renders a skydome and a model), at this moment I'm trying to render the gbuffer, but I'm having a problem, the screen shows only the clear color, no matter how much I move the camera around. However, removing all the render target operations lets the app render the scene normally, even if the models are being applied the renderGBuffer effect. Any ideas of what I'm doing wrong?

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• How do I draw a single Triangle with XNA and fill it with a Texture?

  - by Deukalion

  I'm trying to wrap my head around: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb196409.aspx I'm trying to create a method in XNA that renders a single Triangle, then later make a method that takes a list of Triangles and renders them also. But it isn't working. I'm not understanding what all the things does and there's not enough information. My methods: // Triangle is a struct with A, B, C (didn't include) A, B, C = Vector3 public static void Render(GraphicsDevice device, List<Triangle> triangles, Texture2D texture) { foreach (Triangle triangle in triangles) { Render(device, triangle, texture); } } public static void Render(GraphicsDevice device, Triangle triangle, Texture2D texture) { BasicEffect _effect = new BasicEffect(device); _effect.Texture = texture; _effect.VertexColorEnabled = true; VertexPositionColor[] _vertices = new VertexPositionColor[3]; _vertices[0].Position = triangle.A; _vertices[1].Position = triangle.B; _vertices[2].Position = triangle.B; foreach (var pass in _effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColor> ( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, _vertices, 0, _vertices.Length, new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }, // example has something similiar, no idea what this is 0, 3 // 3 = gives me an error, 1 = works but no results ); } }

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• Not getting desired results with SSAO implementation

  - by user1294203

  After having implemented deferred rendering, I tried my luck with a SSAO implementation using this Tutorial. Unfortunately, I'm not getting anything that looks like SSAO, you can see my result below. You can see there is some weird pattern forming and there is no occlusion shading where there needs to be (i.e. in between the objects and on the ground). The shaders I implemented follow: #VS #version 330 core uniform mat4 invProjMatrix; layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_Position; layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_TexCoord; noperspective out vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 viewRay; void main(void){ pass_TexCoord = in_TexCoord; viewRay = (invProjMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; gl_Position = vec4(in_Position, 1.0); } #FS #version 330 core uniform sampler2D DepthMap; uniform sampler2D NormalMap; uniform sampler2D noise; uniform vec2 projAB; uniform ivec3 noiseScale_kernelSize; uniform vec3 kernel[16]; uniform float RADIUS; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; noperspective in vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth in vec3 viewRay; layout(location = 0) out float out_AO; vec3 CalcPosition(void){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, pass_TexCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); vec3 ray = normalize(viewRay); ray = ray / ray.z; return linearDepth * ray; } mat3 CalcRMatrix(vec3 normal, vec2 texcoord){ ivec2 noiseScale = noiseScale_kernelSize.xy; vec3 rvec = texture(noise, texcoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); return mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); } void main(void){ vec2 TexCoord = pass_TexCoord; vec3 Position = CalcPosition(); vec3 Normal = normalize(texture(NormalMap, TexCoord).xyz); mat3 RotationMatrix = CalcRMatrix(Normal, TexCoord); int kernelSize = noiseScale_kernelSize.z; float occlusion = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < kernelSize; i++){ // Get sample position vec3 sample = RotationMatrix * kernel[i]; sample = sample * RADIUS + Position; // Project and bias sample position to get its texture coordinates vec4 offset = projectionMatrix * vec4(sample, 1.0); offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; // Get sample depth float sample_depth = texture(DepthMap, offset.xy).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (sample_depth - projAB.x); if(abs(Position.z - linearDepth ) < RADIUS){ occlusion += (linearDepth <= sample.z) ? 1.0 : 0.0; } } out_AO = 1.0 - (occlusion / kernelSize); } I draw a full screen quad and pass Depth and Normal textures. Normals are in RGBA16F with the alpha channel reserved for the AO factor in the blur pass. I store depth in a non linear Depth buffer (32F) and recover the linear depth using: float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); where projAB.y is calculated as: and projAB.x as: These are derived from the glm::perspective(gluperspective) matrix. z_n and z_f are the near and far clip distance. As described in the link I posted on the top, the method creates samples in a hemisphere with higher distribution close to the center. It then uses random vectors from a texture to rotate the hemisphere randomly around the Z direction and finally orients it along the normal at the given pixel. Since the result is noisy, a blur pass follows the SSAO pass. Anyway, my position reconstruction doesn't seem to be wrong since I also tried doing the same but with the position passed from a texture instead of being reconstructed. I also tried playing with the Radius, noise texture size and number of samples and with different kinds of texture formats, with no luck. For some reason when changing the Radius, nothing changes. Does anyone have any suggestions? What could be going wrong?

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• Getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

  - by Etan

  In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provides a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? Use mipmaps and simply read the pixel on the 1x1 level. Again the question of accuracy and if it is even possible using non-power-of-two textures. The problem wit these approaches is, that the pipeline gets stalled which results in major performance issues. Therefore, I'm looking for a more performant way to accomplish my goal. Using the EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN extension Apple introduced EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN in iOS 5.0 for iPad 2. "4.1.6 Occlusion Queries Occlusion queries use query objects to track the number of fragments or samples that pass the depth test. An occlusion query can be started and finished by calling BeginQueryEXT and EndQueryEXT, respectively, with a target of ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT or ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT. When an occlusion query is started with the target ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT, the samples-boolean state maintained by the GL is set to FALSE. While that occlusion query is active, the samples-boolean state is set to TRUE if any fragment or sample passes the depth test. When the occlusion query finishes, the samples-boolean state of FALSE or TRUE is written to the corresponding query object as the query result value, and the query result for that object is marked as available. If the target of the query is ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT, an implementation may choose to use a less precise version of the test which can additionally set the samples-boolean state to TRUE in some other implementation dependent cases." The first sentence hints on a behavior which is exactly what I'm looking for: getting the number of pixels which passed the depth test in an asynchronous manner without much performance loss. However, the rest of the document describes only how to get boolean results. Is it possible to exploit this extension to get the pixel count? Does the hardware support it so that there may be hidden API to get access to the pixel count? Other extensions which could be exploitable would be debugging features like the number of times the fragment shader was invoked (PSInvocations in DirectX - not sure if something simila is available in OpenGL ES). However, this would also result in a pipeline stall.

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• Unity Occlusion Portals: What and How?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  (Here I eat my words on Meta about posting Unity questions on Unity Answers... since that site is less responsive than this one.) Unity provides cell-based Occlusion Culling (via Umbra, I believe). However, a newer feature that it supports is Occlusion Portals. The question is, if BSP-based occlusion culling is already a feature of Unity, what do portals add, and how? PS. This question is not "What are portals?" -- I'm aware of the original Quake BSP-style portals -- which is partly why I find the explicit portal concept in Unity odd, since it uses BSP anyway.

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• Object detection in bitmap JavaScript canvas

  - by fallenAngel

  I want to detect clicks on canvas elements which are drawn using paths. So far I have stored element paths in a JavaScript data structure and then check the coordinates of hits which match the element's coordinates. Rendering each element path and checking the hits would be inefficient when there are a lot of elements. I believe there must be an algorithm for this kind of coordinate search, can anyone help me with this?

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• Can't get sprite to rotate correctly?

  - by rphello101

  I'm attempting to play with graphics using Java/Slick 2d. I'm trying to get my sprite to rotate to wherever the mouse is on the screen and then move accordingly. I figured the best way to do this was to keep track of the angle the sprite is at since I have to multiply the cosine/sine of the angle by the move speed in order to get the sprite to go "forwards" even if it is, say, facing 45 degrees in quadrant 3. However, before I even worry about that, I'm having trouble even getting my sprite to rotate in the first place. Preliminary console tests showed that this code worked, but when applied to the sprite, it just kind twitches. Anyone know what's wrong? int mX = Mouse.getX(); int mY = HEIGHT - Mouse.getY(); int pX = sprite.x; int pY = sprite.y; int tempY, tempX; double mAng, pAng = sprite.angle; double angRotate=0; if(mX!=pX){ tempY=pY-mY; tempX=mX-pX; mAng = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(Math.abs((tempY)),Math.abs((tempX)))); if(mAng==0 && mX<=pX) mAng=180; } else{ if(mY>pY) mAng=270; else mAng=90; } //Calculations if(mX<pX&&mY<pY){ //If in Q2 mAng = 180-mAng; } if(mX<pX&&mY>pY){ //If in Q3 mAng = 180+mAng; } if(mX>pX&&mY>pY){ //If in Q4 mAng = 360-mAng; } angRotate = mAng-pAng; sprite.angle = mAng; sprite.image.setRotation((float)angRotate);

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• Slick2d Spritesheet showing whole image

  - by BotskoNet

  I'm trying to show a single subimage from a sprite sheet. Using slick2d SpriteSheet class, all it's doing is showing me the entire image, but scaled down to fit the cell dimensions. The image is 96x192 and should have cells of 32x32. The code: SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheet("images/"+file, 32, 32 ); System.out.println("Horiz Count: " + spriteSheet.getHorizontalCount()); System.out.println("Vert Count: " + spriteSheet.getVerticalCount()); System.out.println("Height: " + spriteSheet.getHeight()); System.out.println("Width: " + spriteSheet.getWidth()); System.out.println("Texture Width: " + spriteSheet.getTextureWidth()); System.out.println("Texture Height: " + spriteSheet.getTextureHeight()); Prints: Horiz Count: 3 Vert Count: 6 Height: 192 Width: 96 Texture Width: 0.75 Texture Height: 0.75 Not sure what the texture dimensions refer to, but the rest is entirely accurate. However, when I draw the icon, the entire sprite image shows scaled down to 32x32: Image image = spriteSheet.getSprite(1, 0); // a test image.bind(); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_BLEND); GL11.glBlendFunc(GL11.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,0); GL11.glVertex2f(x,y); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,0); GL11.glVertex2f(x+image.getWidth(),y); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,1); GL11.glVertex2f(x+image.getWidth(),y+image.getHeight()); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,1); GL11.glVertex2f(x,y+image.getHeight()); GL11.glEnd(); GL11.glDisable(GL11.GL_BLEND);

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• Unexpected results for projection on to plane

  - by ravenspoint

  I want to use this projection matrix: GLfloat shadow[] = { -1,0,0,0, 1,0,-1,1, 0,0,-1,0, 0,0,0,-1 }; It should cast object shadows onto the y = 0 plane from a point light at 1,1,-1. I create a rectangle in the x = 0.5 plane glBegin( GL_QUADS ); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-0.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-0.5); glEnd(); Now if I manually multiply these vertices with the matrix, I get. glBegin( GL_QUADS ); glVertex3f( 0.375,0,-0.375); glVertex3f( 0.375,0,-1.625); glVertex3f( 0,0,-2); glVertex3f( 0,0,0); glEnd(); Which produces a reasonable display ( camera at 0,5,0 looking down y axis ) So rather than do the calculation manually, I should be able to use the opengl model transormation. I write this code: glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW); GLfloat shadow[] = { -1,0,0,0, 1,0,-1,1, 0,0,-1,0, 0,0,0,-1 }; glLoadMatrixf( shadow ); glBegin( GL_QUADS ); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-0.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-0.5); glEnd(); But this produces a blank screen! What am I doing wrong? Is there some debug mode where I can print out the transformed vertices, so I can see where they are ending up? Note: People have suggested that using glMultMatrixf() might make a difference. It doesn't. Replacing glLoadMatrixf( shadow ); with glLoadIdentity(); glMultMatrixf( shadow ); gives the identical result ( of course! )

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• Arbitrary projection matrix from 6 arbitrary frustum planes

  - by Doub

  A projection matrix represent a tranformation from the camera view space to the rendering system clip space. In other words, it defines the transormation between a 6-sided frustum to the clip cube. The glOrtho and glFrustum use only 6 parameter to define such a projection, but impose several constraints on the frustum that will get projected to the clip cube: the near and far planes are parallel, the left and right planes intersect on a vertical line, and the top and bottom planes intersect on a horizontal lines, both lines being parallel to the near and far planes. I'd like to lift these restrictions. So, from the definition of the 6 frustum side planes (in whatever representation you see fit), how can I compute a general projection matrix?

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• How can I transform a Point2f with a matrix on Android?

  - by Vivendi

  I'm developing for Android and I'm using the android.renderscript.Matrix3f class to do some calculations. What I need to do now is to now is to do something like mat.tranform(pointIn, pointOut); So I need to transform a matrix by a given Point class. In awt I would simply do this: AffineTransform t = new AffineTransform(); Point2D.Float p = new Point2D.Float(); t.transform( p, p ); But in Android I now have this: Matrix3f t = new Matrix3f(); PointF p = new PointF(); // Now I need to tranform it somehow.. But the Matrix3f class in Android doesn't have a Matrix.transform(Point2D ptSrc, Point2D ptDst) method. So I guess I have to do the transformation manually. But I'm not really sure how that works. From what I've seen it's something like a translate and then a rotate? Could anyone please tell me how to do this in code?

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• Foreach loop with 2d array of objects

  - by Jacob Millward

  I'm using a 2D array of objects to store data about tiles, or "blocks" in my gameworld. I initialise the array, fill it with data and then attempt to invoke the draw method of each object. foreach (Block block in blockList) { block.Draw(spriteBatch); } I end up with an exception being thrown "Object reference is not set to an instance of an object". What have I done wrong? EDIT: This is the code used to define the array Block[,] blockList; Then blockList = new Block[screenRectangle.Width, screenRectangle.Height]; // Fill with dummy data for (int x = 0; x <= screenRectangle.Width / texture.Width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y <= screenRectangle.Height / texture.Width; y++) { if (y >= screenRectangle.Height / (texture.Width*2)) { blockList[x, y] = new Block(1, new Rectangle(x * 16, y * 16, texture.Width, texture.Height), texture); } else { blockList[x, y] = new Block(0, new Rectangle(x * 16, y * 16, texture.Width, texture.Height), texture); } } }

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• Speed up lighting in deferred shading

  - by kochol

  I implemented a simple deferred shading renderer. I use 3 G-Buffer for storing position (R32F), normal (G16R16F) and albedo (ARGB8). I use sphere map algorithm to store normals in world space. Currently I use inverse of view * projection matrix to calculate the position of each pixel from stored depth value. First I want to avoid per pixel matrix multiplication for calculating the position. Is there another way to store and calculate position in G-Buffer without the need of matrix multiplication Store the normal in view space Every lighting in my engine is in world space and I want do the lighting in view space to speed up my lighting pass. I want an optimized lighting pass for my deferred engine.

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• 3D Model not translating correctly (visually)

  - by ChocoMan

  In my first image, my model displays correctly: But when I move the model's position along the Z-axis (forward) I get this, yet the Y-axis doesnt change. An if I keep going, the model disappears into the ground: Any suggestions as to how I can get the model to translate properly visually? Here is how Im calling the model and the terrain in draw(): cameraPosition = new Vector3(camX, camY, camZ); // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[mShockwave.Bones.Count]; mShockwave.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix[] ttransforms = new Matrix[terrain.Bones.Count]; terrain.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(ttransforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in mShockwave.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, modelPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); mesh.Draw(); } //Terrain test foreach (ModelMesh meshT in terrain.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in meshT.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = ttransforms[meshT.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(terrainPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, terrainPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); meshT.Draw(); DrawText(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } Im suspecting that there may be something wrong with how I'm handling my camera. The model rotates fine on its Y-axis.

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• Direct2D Transform

  - by James

  I have a beginner question about Direct2D transforms. I have a 20 x 10 bitmap that I would like to draw in different orientations. To start, I would like to draw it vertically with a destination rectangle of say: (left, top, right, bottom) (300, 300, 310, 320) The bitmap is wider than it is tall (20 x 10), but when I draw it vertically, it will be appear taller than it is wide (10 x 20). I know that I can use a rotation matrix like so: m_pRenderTarget->SetTransform( D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Rotation( 90.0f, D2D1::Point2F(<center of shape>)) ); But when I use this method to rotate my shape, the destination rectangle is still wider than it is tall. Maybe it would look something like this: (left, top, right, bottom) (280, 290, 300, 300) The destination rectangle is 20 x 10 but the bitmap appears on the screen as 10 x 20. I can't look at the destination rectangle in the debugger and compare it to: (left, top, right, bottom) (300, 300, 310, 320) Is there any simple way to say "I want to rotate it so that the image is rendered to exactly this destination rectangle after the rotation?" In this case, I would like to say "Please rotate the bitmap so that it appears on the screen at this location:" (left, top, right, bottom) (300, 300, 310, 320) If I can't do that, is there any way to find out the 10 x 20 destination rectangle where the bitmap is actually being rendered to the screen?

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• Moving a body in a specific direction using XNA with Farseer Physics

  - by Code Assasssin

  I have a custom polygon attached to a body, which looks like this: What I am trying to accomplish is getting the body to move according to wherever the tip of the body is. So far this is what I've tried: if (ks.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { body.ApplyForce(new Vector2(0, -20),body.GetLocalPoint(new Vector2(0,0))); } if (ks.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { body.ApplyTorque(-500); } if (ks.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { body.ApplyTorque(500); } The body rotates fine - but when I try making the body accelerate according to the tip of the body - assuming I have specified the tip correctly(I am pretty sure I haven't), it just spins around, as if I have applied Torque to it. Can anyone point me in the right direction of how to fix this problem?

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• why is this rails association loading individually after an eager load?

  - by codeman73

  I'm trying to avoid the N+1 queries problem with eager loading, but it's not working. The associated models are still being loaded individually. Here are the relevant ActiveRecords and their relationships: class Player < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :tableau end Class Tableau < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :player has_many :tableau_cards has_many :deck_cards, :through => :tableau_cards end Class TableauCard < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :tableau belongs_to :deck_card, :include => :card end class DeckCard < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :card has_many :tableaus, :through => :tableau_cards end class Card < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :deck_cards end and the query I'm using is inside this method of Player: def tableau_contains(card_id) self.tableau.tableau_cards = TableauCard.find :all, :include => [ {:deck_card => (:card)}], :conditions => ['tableau_cards.tableau_id = ?', self.tableau.id] contains = false for tableau_card in self.tableau.tableau_cards # my logic here, looking at attributes of the Card model, with # tableau_card.deck_card.card; # individual loads of related Card models related to tableau_card are done here end return contains end Does it have to do with scope? This tableau_contains method is down a few method calls in a larger loop, where I originally tried doing the eager loading because there are several places where these same objects are looped through and examined. Then I eventually tried the code as it is above, with the load just before the loop, and I'm still seeing the individual SELECT queries for Card inside the tableau_cards loop in the log. I can see the eager-loading query with the IN clause just before the tableau_cards loop as well. EDIT: additional info below with the larger, outer loop Here's the larger loop. It is inside an observer on after_save def after_save(pa) @game = Game.find(turn.game_id, :include => :goals) @game.players = Player.find :all, :include => [ {:tableau => (:tableau_cards)}, :player_goals ], :conditions => ['players.game_id =?', @game.id] for player in @game.players player.tableau.tableau_cards = TableauCard.find :all, :include => [ {:deck_card => (:card)}], :conditions => ['tableau_cards.tableau_id = ?', player.tableau.id] if(player.tableau_contains(card)) ... end end end

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• Collision detection code style

  - by Marian Ivanov

  Not only there are two useful broad-phase algorithms and a lot of useful narrowphase algorithms, there are also multiple code styles. Arrays vs. calling Make an array of broadphase checks, then filter them with narrowphase checks, then resolve them. function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ possibleCollisions = getPossibleCollisions(b,a->get(index)); for(i=0; i<possibleCollitionsNumber; i++){ if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { collisions->push(possibleCollisions[i]); }; }; for(i=0; i<collitionsNumber; i++){ //CODE FOR RESOLUTION }; }; Make the broadphase call the narrowphase, and the narrowphase call the resolution function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ broadphase(b,a->get(index)); }; function broadphase(thingy * with, thingy * what){ while(blah){ //blahcode narrowphase(what,collidingThing); }; }; Events vs. in-the-loop Fire an event. This abstracts the check away, but it's trickier to make an equal interaction. a[index] -> collisionEvent(eventdata); //much later int collisionEvent(eventdata){ //resolution gets here } Resolve the collision inside the loop. This glues narrowphase and resolution into one layer. if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { //CODE GOES HERE }; The questions are: Which of the first two is better, and how am I supposed to make a zero-sum Newtonian interaction under B1.

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• Mandelbrot set not displaying properly

  - by brainydexter

  I am trying to render mandelbrot set using glsl. I'm not sure why its not rendering the correct shape. Does the mandelbrot calculation require values to be within a range for the (x,y) [ or (real, imag) ] ? Here is a screenshot: I render a quad as follows: float w2 = 6; float h2 = 5; glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(-w2, h2, 0.0); glVertex3f(-w2, -h2, 0.0); glVertex3f(w2, -h2, 0.0); glVertex3f(w2, h2, 0.0); glEnd(); My vertex shader: varying vec3 Position; void main(void) { Position = gl_Vertex.xyz; gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; } My fragment shader (where all the meat is): uniform float MAXITERATIONS; varying vec3 Position; void main (void) { float zoom = 1.0; float centerX = 0.0; float centerY = 0.0; float real = Position.x * zoom + centerX; float imag = Position.y * zoom + centerY; float r2 = 0.0; float iter; for(iter = 0.0; iter < MAXITERATIONS && r2 < 4.0; ++iter) { float tempreal = real; real = (tempreal * tempreal) + (imag * imag); imag = 2.0 * real * imag; r2 = (real * real) + (imag * imag); } vec3 color; if(r2 < 4.0) color = vec3(1.0); else color = vec3( iter / MAXITERATIONS ); gl_FragColor = vec4(color, 1.0); }

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• What is UVIndex and how do I use it on OpenGL?

  - by Delta

  I am a noob in OpenGL ES 2.0 (for WebGL) and I'm trying to draw a simple model I've made with a 3D tool and exported to .fbx format. I've been able to draw some models that only have: A vertex buffer, a index buffer for the vertices, a normal buffer and a texture coordinate buffer, but this model now has a "UVIndex" and I'm not sure where am I supposed to put this UVIndex. My code looks like this: GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.VertexBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vPosition"],3,GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.NormalBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vNormal"], 3, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.TexCoordBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["TexCoord"], 2, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer); GL.bindTexture(GL.TEXTURE_2D, this.Texture.HTex1); GL.activeTexture(GL.TEXTURE0); GL.drawElements(GL.TRIANGLES, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer.Length, GL.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); But my model renders totally incorrect and I think it has to do with the fact that I am ignoring this "UVIndex" in the .fbx file, since I've never drawn any model that uses this UVIndex I really have no clue on what to do with it. This is the json file containing the model's data: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=G294TVmz

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• box2d resize bodies arround point

  - by philipp

  I have a compound object, consisting of a b2Body, vector-graphics and a list polygons which describe the b2body's shapes. This object has its own transformation matrix to centralize the storage of transformations. So far everything is working quiet fine, even scaling works, but not if i scale around a point. In the initialization phase of the object it is scaled around a point. This happens in this order: transform the main matrix transform the vector graphics and the polygons recreate the b2Body After this function ran, the shapes and all the graphics are exactly where they should be, BUT: after the first steps of the b2World the graphical stuff moves away from the body. When I ran the debugger I found out that the position of the body is 0/0 the red dot shows the center of scaling. the first image shows the basic setup and the second the final position of the graphics. This distance stays constant for the rest of the simulation. If I set the position via myBody.SetPosition( sx, sy ); the whole scenario just plays a bit more distant for the origin. Any Idea how to fix this? EDIT:: I came deeper down to the problem and it lies in the fact that i must not scale the transform matrix for the b2body shapes around the center, but set the b2body's position back to the point after scaling. But how can I calculate that point? EDIT 2 :: I came ever deeper down to it, even solved it, but this is a slow solution and i hope that there is somebody who understands what formula I need. assuming to have a set polygons relative to an origin as basis shapes for a b2body: scaling the whole object around a certain point is done in the following steps: i scale everything around the center except the polygons i create a clone of the polygons matrix i scale this clone around the point i calculate dx, dy as difference of clone.tx - original.tx and clone.ty - original.ty i scale the original polygon matrix NOT around the point i recreate the body i create the fixture i set the position of the body to dx and dy done! So what i an interested in is a formula for dx and dy without cloning matrices, scaling the clone around a point, getting dx and dy and finally scale the vertex matrix.

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• Lwjgl or opengl double pixels

  - by Philippe Paré

  I'm working in java with LWJGL and trying to double all my pixels. I'm trying to draw in an area of 800x450 and then stretch all the frame image to the complete 1600x900 pixels without them getting blured. I can't figure out how to do that in java, everything I find is in c++... A hint would be great! Thanks a lot. EDIT : I've tried drawing to a texture created in opengl by setting it to the framebuffer, but I can't find a way to use glGenTextures() in java... so this is not working... also I though about using a shader but I would not be able to draw only in the smaller region...

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• Textures of .x model deformed in XNA

  - by marc wellman

  I want to have a 3D model with textures built in SketchUp 8 be imported as a .x model in XNA. So far I have used several .x exporters like http://edecadoudal.googlepages.com/xExporter.rb 3D RAD zbylsxexporter With all of them I have the same problem: The model gets built correctly but the textures are deformed. The sizes of my texture files are multiples of four and inside Sketchup the model looks prefect. That's the texture file which is 256x256: And this is how it looks like in my XNA program: What can I do?

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