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• What do these acronyms stand for ?

  - by Luc M

  Some directories are easy to understand the meaning /usr /bin ... But for the next ones, I have no idea. /etc /opt opt for optionnal ? etc for electronic t...... configuration (no idea for t) I would like to know what these acronyms are meaning

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• Website & Forum sharing the same login credentials ?

  - by Brian

  I am going to be running a small site (100 hits a week maybe) and I am looking for a quick and easy way to share login information between the main website, a control panel (webmin, cpanel, or something), and the forum. One login needed to access any of the three. The website won't have use for the login, per say. But it will display "logged in" when you are on the website. Any custom solutions, any thoughts, logic, examples?

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• yum security update - message indicating kernel version not up to date

  - by JMC

  Running yum --security check-update returns this message: Security: kernel-3.x.x-x.63 is an installed security update Security: kernel-3.x.x-x.29 is the currently running version I already ran the yum security update on the kernel, but it looks like it didn't change the version running on the system. What needs to be done to make it run the new kernel? Are there any concerns about why it didn't change during the installation process? The yum log just shows installed for the new kernel no error messages.

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• Snort monitoring of spanning interface

  - by aHunter

  I have configured a Cisco 3500 switch with a port SPAN and have my snort node (fedora 13) plugged into it. I am running snort as a daemon and have configured a rule to log all tcp traffic but I am only seeing traffic with a destination of the snort node. I know that the SPAN port is working and wanted to know if there is a specific option that I needed to start snort with in order for it to pickup all the traffic? Or is there something that I have missed here? Many thanks.

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• Setting differing ACLs on directories and files

  - by durandal

  Quick ACL question: I want to set up default permissions for a file share so that everyone can rwx all of the directories and so that all newly created files are rw. Everyone who is accessing this share is in the same group, so this isn't a concern. I have looked at doing this via ACLs without changing all of the users' umasks and such. Here are my current invocations: setfacl -Rdm g:mygroup:rwx share_name setfacl -Rm g:mygroup:rwx share_name My problem is that while I want all of the newly created sub-directories to be rwx, I only want newly created files to be rw. Does anyone have a better method to achieve my desired end-result? Is there some way to set ACLs on directories separately from files, in a similar vein to "chmod +x" vs. "chmod +X"? Thanks

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• Ping not working

  - by Nishant

  Ping is not working to and from this IP to my computer. inet addr:10.125.104.4 Bcast:10.125.111.255 Mask:255.255.240.0 My computer is like this Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.125.65.75 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.252.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.125.64.6 We both CAN reach the common gateway IP , 10.125.96.6 . What should I check ? What is the barrier in sending info if we both have a common gateway that is pingable ? Besides I can login to a intermediate server and ssh to this server also !!

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• Raid1+0: create stripe over two /dev/mdx on partition or not?

  - by Chris

  Given that I haven't found a way to define how a Raid10 is created with mdadm, i went the Raid1+0 solution. How to display/define Mirror/Stripping pairs with mdadm mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdf1 mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 mdadm --create /dev/md10 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/md1 My question is about the stripe. For the mirror I create a primary partition over the full HD and set partition type to FD. So, should I do the same for the Stripe? Create partition on /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 (primary over full 'HDD', set partition type correctly) and then do the stripe on the partition? Is there a correct way here or are there any advantages/disadvantages to a solution? Thank you

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• Does Gedit have cool keyboard shortcuts?

  - by Kelp

  I have used Vim before and I love the keyboard shortcuts, but I hate having to copy and paste, so I am looking for a text editor that makes it easier. I have been trying Gedit. It's cool. But I really miss the being to create a new line, going to the end of the line, going to the beginning of the line, deleting a line with keyboard shortcuts. I tried to look up "gedit keyboard shortcuts" but all it came up with was how to save a file. Basic things.

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• How do I set it so that everyone uses the /bin/bash shell ?

  - by Alex

  It doesn't seem to work for some reason if I do this in /etc/profile: export SHELL="/bin/bash/"

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• How to format pendrive from fat32 to ext3 in windows7

  - by newb

  I am trying to make a live usb of OPHCRACK and tried to boot from FAT32 pendrive. But after making live usb and boot from it the ophcrack didnt work. After searching a while i came to understand that ophcrack will not work in a fat32 pendrive and we have to convert it into ext3. But i am getting hard time finding a method or software which can be used to convert fat32 pendrive to ext3 in windows 7. Can you suggest any method or software's for this purpose

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• Is it logical that file system acls would be corrupted in a way that adds permission for another user?

  - by wilbbe01

  I was having issues on a shared hosting provider with the host's web server instance not serving some files. I asked the companies support about the issue and they responded with the results of getfacl on my home directory, and added the necessary line to allow their web server to obtain the necessary permissions. All is working happily now, but I noticed a line in the getfacl that was for what appeared to be another username to which I had no relation. I asked them about this and their response was that it was likely some minor corruption and that I could remove the unwanted line with the setfacl -x option. I know I never added the user to my home directory, and I also find it weird that that could truly happen due to corruption. So now that it is fixed I'm a little bit weary of whether or not they were trying to cover up a problem they accidentally gave someone permissions to my account, or if this kind of thing can really be corrupted in that way. Especially when that user is a real user on the same server. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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• Regex working in RedHat is not giving any result in Ubuntu

  - by Supratik

  My goal is to match specific files from specific sub directories. I have the following folder structure `-- data |-- a |-- a.txt |-- b |-- b.txt |-- c |-- c.txt |-- d |-- d.txt |-- e |-- e.txt |-- org-1 | |-- a.org | |-- b.org | |-- org.txt | |-- user-0 | | |-- a.txt | | |-- b.txt I am trying to list the files only inside the data directory. I am able to get the correct result using the following command in RHEL find ./testdir/ -iwholename "*/data/[!/].txt" a.txt b.txt c.txt d.txt e.txt If I run the same command in Ubuntu it is not working. Can anyone please tell me why it is not working in Ubuntu ?

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• What could be causing LVM errors on first boot after install in Debian?

  - by ianfuture

  Hi, I've installed Debian (lenny) on a machine at home. It was set up during install to have a /boot partition, then the rest was encrypted, then had an LVM ontop of that, then all the other partitons inside LVM. After install completed and on first boot it asked for password to un-encrypt(same password for both drives) then it showed an error which said LVM could not find a physical device with a particular UUID or something similar. LVM install is over two HDs. One is 120GB and one 40GB. 120GB is Master on its IDE cable and this has /boot on it. 40GB is slave on the other IDE cable. Is there anything that could be done to rescue this install? Or diagnose problem? It took ages to get installed due to time spent enrypting drives and I'd rather not go through that again. :( Thanks.. Ian

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• rsync invocation to replace symlinks pointing to source?

  - by bdbaddog

  Currently I'm moving a big filesystem to a new server as the original fileserver is no longer able to handle the filesystem writes. To make this quick I made symlinks at the target filesystem pointing to the original filesystem. Initially: /company/release (mountpoint of the original filesystem) After migration: /company/release.old (points to original filesystem after automount map update) /company/release (points to new fileserver/filesystem after automount map update) In /company/release there are symlinks like the following: /company/release/product-1.0.tar.gz - /company/release.old/product-1.0.tar.gz /company/release/product-1.0 - /company/release.old/product-1.0 (this is a tree of files) Using symlinks allowed me to move the writes to the new filesystem quickly. Now I'd like to slowly migrate the existing files and directories to the new filesystem. The problem I'm running into is that since the symlinks point back at the original files rsync doesn't see any difference and so it doesn't actually copy the file(s) or directory(s) and remove/overwrite the symlinks. Is there a set of rsync flags which will do what I want?

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• Using Plesk to setup MySQL

  - by chris

  Having trouble getting my mysql up and running on a new virtual server. The host gave me Plesk and I think MySQL is installed but I can't seem to access it. I keep getting this: mysql -u admin -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'admin'@'localhost' (using password: YES) How do I make sure its running properly? How do I reset the root password? (I have root access to the server)

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• How to set ulimits for a service starting at boot?

  - by jayofdoom

  I need, for mysql to use large-pages, to set a ulimit - I've done this in limits.conf. However, limits.conf (pam_limits.so), doesn't get read in for init, only for "real" shells. I solved this before by adding a "ulimit -l" to the initscript start function. but I need some sort of repeatable way to do this, now that the boxes are managed with chef, and we don't want to take over a file that's actually owned by the RPM.

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• Hard Reset USB in Ubuntu 10.04

  - by Cory

  I have a USB device (a modem) that is really finicky. Sometimes it works fine, but other times it refuses to connect. The only solution I have found to fix it once it gets into a bad state is to physically unplug the device and plug it back in. However, I don't always have physical access to the machine it is plugged in on, so I'm looking for a way to do this through the command line. This post suggests running: $ sudo modprobe -w -r usb_storage; sudo modprobe usb_storage However I get an "unknown option -w" output. This slightly modified command: $ sudo modprobe -r usb_storage Fails with the message FATAL: Module usb_storage is in use. If I try to kill -9 the processes marked [usb-storage] before running they refuse to die (I think because they are deeply tied to the kernel). Anyone know of a way to do this? NOTE: I cross-posted this on serverfault as I didn't know which was more appropriate. I will delete and/or link whichever one is answered first.

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• nginx clean url router/rewrites

  - by Janko

  im having difficulties with a relativity simple rewrite rules / router in nginx config. All I want to do is, if requested dir or file 'host/my/request/path[/[index.php]]' does not exist, rewrite to 'host/my/request/path.php' Current rewrite works for: host host/ host/my/request/path But wont work for: host/my/request/path/ Here is the rewrite part of the config: location = /(.*)/ { rewrite ^(.*)$ $1 permanent; } location / { try_files $uri/ $uri $uri.php; } Error log will report: Access forbidden by rule, request: "GET /my/request/path/ HTTP/1.0" Hm, is there a better way to solve this or get rid of the trailing slash? edit, rules more elaborative: host[/] > host/index.php host/index[/] > host/index.php host/my/path[/] > if /path/index.php exists: host/my/path/index.php else host/my/path.php

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• Can't create LVM due to: not found (or ignored by filtering)

  - by James

  I'm planning to use LVM for KVM, and when I try to create a VG it fails, so how can I create my VG and LV ? Thanks [root@server ~]# vgcreate virtual-machines /dev/sda Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering). Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda' to volume group 'virtual-machines'. [root@server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 2.0T 929G 976G 49% / tmpfs 3.9G 124K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot [root@server ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found

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• How to get a list of Dovecot IMAP users

  - by Colt McCormack

  How do you get a list of users for a dovecot email server that connect via IMAP (as opposed to POP)? Our server is setup to authenticate via LDAP/PAM. Is there an easy way to get a list of the users who are accessing their mail via IMAP, rather than POP? I am about to migrate our server to Google Apps and want to migrate all of the mail for my IMAP users only (couple hundred out of several hundred total users). POP mail will be migrated separately from the client end obviously. I would much rather migrate only the IMAP users rather than the whole domain which would include migrating a bunch of POP mail left in the server that has already been read/sorted/deleted in the client's email program. Migrating all of that extra useless leftover POP mail could waste weeks of migration time. I suppose parsing some logs to see who has connected on an IMAP port (995 or 993) would give me a list would work if someone could help me do that. I know I have the raw dovecot logs, but am hoping for a cleaner solution.

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• How do I minimize Evolution to the system tray in Ubuntu?

  - by Jephir

  In Ubuntu some applications can be set to minimize instead of exit on close. For example, Empathy minimizes to the system tray (mail icon) when the close button is pressed in the application window. How do I make Evolution do this as well? Essentially I would like to have Evolution hidden in the system tray instead of having to re-launch it every ten minutes to check for new messages (or leave it open and clutter the taskbar).

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• Auto restart server if virtual memory is too low

  - by Sukhjinder Singh

  There are quite number of software running on my server: httpd, varnish, mysql, memcache, java.. Each of them is using a part of the virtual memory and varnish was configured to be allocated 3GB of memory to run. Due to high traffic load which is 100K, our server ran out of memory and oom-killer is invoked. We've to reboot the server. We have 8GB of Virtual Memory and due to some reason we cannot extend to larger memory. My question is - Is there any automated script, which will monitor how much virtual memory left and based upon certain criteria, lets say if 500MB left than restart the server automatically? I do know this is not the proper solution but we have to do it, otherwise we don't know when server will get OOM and by the time we know and restart the server, we lost our visiting users.

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• How to create a repository from certain files with svn?

  - by wamp

  I'm using subversion, how to do this: import files under /target but excluding those under /target/download1 and /target/download2 Anyone can provide a demo?

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• Slow running Ubuntu 10.10 laptop

  - by user5978

  Hello everyone. I have a slow computer. When I click on an icon say Firefox it can take 10 seconds to load. when I minimize and maximize windows you can see it happening. I get "ghost" screens where you see the window outline of the box but nothing in it or it may be white. The laptop is two years old and has these specs: Intel core two duo 2.8GHZ CPU 4GB RAM 500GB HDD 512MB Nvidia 8600GT video Realtek HD audio What is going on and where should I start looking for issues? Ubuntu 10.10 was upgraded from 10.04LTS following the instructions from the Ubuntu Wiki and it was done through the update manager GUI, not the CLI. Thanks for the help.

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• Where to get the network NIC's firmware rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw?

  - by Kyrol

  Im installing Debian testing version wheezy on my Asus X53Sc with Intel Centrino Wireless-N 100. Im having a problem with my wifi connection. When I try to connect to internet with the wireless connection, an error occurs: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw for module r8169. I installed successfully the iwlwifi-100-5.ucode, but now I have this error. Any ideas or suggestions to resolve the problem ?

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