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• How should bots be recognised in a game?

  - by Bane

  I'm interested in how bots are usually written. Here's my situation: I plan to make an online 2D mecha game in HTML5, and the server-side will be done with node. It is intended to be multiplayer, but I also want to make bots in case there aren't enough players. How does my game logic see them, as players or as bots? Is there a standard by which I should make them? Also, any general tips and hints will be OK.

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• Modeling player mechanics with a finite state machine

  - by K..

  I have three states standing walking jumping When I press D standing transitions to walking. The velocity will be set to a defined value and the player moves. When I release D walking transitions back to standing, which sets the velocity back to 0. When I press W and the state is walking it transitions to jumping, but when the player hits the ground, it goes back to standing. jumping has a transition land that always leads to standing because a state doesn't know about its previous states. Since standing sets a velocity of 0 the player stops walking, when he hits the ground. How do I prevent this?

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• Why was my Facebook game rejected with the note that "your app icon must not overlap with content in your cover image?"

  - by peterwilli

  My FB game just recently got rejected for two reasons. The first I fixed, but I just can't see to figure out what they mean by the second, and I was hoping someone else got the same issue and did know what they meant. The remaining error is: Cover Image Your app icon must not overlap with content in your cover image. Click on 'Web Preview' in the 'App Details' section to check for overlap prior to submitting your app. See more here. All I know is that the rejection has something to do with the cover image, not the icons or the screenshots. The web preview of my game looks like this now: Please let me know what to do to get approved.

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• Physics from other games

  - by Carlosrdz1

  I'm making a platform engine with XNA Game Studio, and I've solved almost everything about colliding stuff. But now, I'm searching for good physics for the player, I'm trying to emulate characters from other games like Mario from Super Mario World, or MegaMan X... do you know a website or something, where the physics from that games are revealed? I remember seen a page with something like that. Or what's the process you think is the best to emulate physics from other games? Just trial and error? Thank you.

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• How should I account for the GC when building games with Unity?

  - by Eonil

  *As far as I know, Unity3D for iOS is based on the Mono runtime and Mono has only generational mark & sweep GC. This GC system can't avoid GC time which stops game system. Instance pooling can reduce this but not completely, because we can't control instantiation happens in the CLR's base class library. Those hidden small and frequent instances will raise un-deterministic GC time eventually. Forcing complete GC periodically will degrade performance greatly (can Mono force complete GC, actually?) So, how can I avoid this GC time when using Unity3D without huge performance degrade?

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• backface culling error

  - by acrilige

  I write simple software renderer. In my pipeline i have stage of backface culling. But looks like it has some error (see picture). I perform culling right after world transformation. (i can't insert picture in post coz i don't have enough points, so i just upload it (cube model): http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/705/bcerror.png/) Vector3F view_dir(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); std::vector<Triangle> to_remove; for (Triangle &t : m_triangles) { Vector4F e1 = t.v2 - t.v1; Vector4F e2 = t.v3 - t.v1; Vector3F normal( e1.y * e2.z - e1.z * e2.y, e1.z * e2.x - e1.x * e2.z, e1.x * e2.y - e1.y * e2.x ); normal.Normalize(); float dot = Dot(view_dir, normal); if (dot <= 0) to_remove.push_back(t); } for (Triangle& t : to_remove) m_triangles.erase(std::remove(m_triangles.begin(), m_triangles.end(), t), m_triangles.end()); Camera sits in origin and points in screen (RH). What is the reason?

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• How to attach an object to a rotating circle?

  - by armands

  I am trying to make an object get attached on a collision point to a circle that is rotating, but the player needs to get attached with a constant point on the player. For example the player is moving back and forth and when the user touches the screen and the player jumps up but what I need is that when the player collides with the circle it attaches it's legs to it and continues rotating with the circle. So I wanted to know how to make this kind of collision joint in Cocos2d Box2d?

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• How do I manipulate the Url of my Silverlight testpage.aspx?

  - by Daniel

  I am making an XNA game using Silverlight over the web. My testpage.aspx is linked to from a previous page where the client selects certain elements. The testpage.aspx URL changes depending on what I have sent to it. Now in my mainpage.cs file I would like to call certain functions depending on what was passed, but I am unsure how to manipulate or even access the URL. Is there a specific class in the Silverlight library I can use? Thank you for your time.

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• Can I use remade sprites in my game?

  - by John Skridles

  Can I use remade sprites in my game? I am making a game and I used some sprites, but I didn't copy them. I remade them completely the character looks nothing like the original. I only did this to get the movement of the character right (moving, running, jumping, punching). I've been working on the game for a long time, so I really need to know is it safe and legal to do this. I do intend making a small profit.

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• How can I achieve a 3D-like effect with spritebatch's rotation and scale parameters

  - by Alic44

  I'm working on a 2d game with a top-down perspective similar to Secret of Mana and the 2D Final Fantasy games, with one big difference being that it's an action rpg using a 3-dimensional physics engine. I'm trying to draw an aimer graphic (basically an arrow) at my characters' feet when they're aiming a ranged weapon. At first I just converted the character's aim vector to radians and passed that into spritebatch, but there was a problem. The position of every object in my world is scaled for perspective when it's drawn to the screen. So if the physics engine coordinates are (1, 0, 1), the screen coords are actually (1, .707) -- the Y and Z axis are scaled by a perspective factor of .707 and then added together to get the screen coordinates. This meant that the direction the aimer graphic pointed (thanks to its rotation value passed into spritebatch) didn't match up with the direction the projectile actually traveled over time. Things looked fine when the characters fired left, right, up, or down, but if you fired on a diagonal the perspective of the physics engine didn't match with the simplistic way I was converting the character's aim direction to a screen rotation. Ok, fast forward to now: I've got the aimer's rotation matched up with the path the projectile will actually take, which I'm doing by decomposing a transform matrix which I build from two rotation matrices (one to represent the aimer's rotation, and one to represent the camera's 45 degree rotation on the x axis). My question is, is there a way to get not just rotation from a series of matrix transformations, but to also get a Vector2 scale which would give the aimer the appearance of being a 3d object, being warped by perspective? Orthographic perspective is what I'm going for, I think. So, the aimer arrow would get longer when facing sideways, and shorter when facing north and south because of the perspective. At the same time, it would get wider when facing north and south, and less wide when facing right or left. I'd like to avoid actually drawing the aimer texture in 3d because I'm still using spritebatch's layerdepth parameter at this point in my project, and I don't want to have to figure out how to draw a 3d object within the depth sorting system I already have. I can provide code and more details if this is too vague as a question... This is my first post on stack exchange. Thanks a lot for reading! Note: (I think) I realize it can't be a technically correct 3D perspective, because the spritebatch's vector2 scaling argument doesn't allow for an object to be skewed the way it actually should be. What I'm really interested in is, is there a good way to fake the effect, or should I just drop it and not scale at all? Edit to clarify without the help of a picture (apparently I can't post them yet): I want the aimer arrow to look like it has been painted on the ground at the character's feet, so it should appear to be drawn on the ground plane (in my case the XZ plane) which should be tilted at a 45 degree angle (around the X axis) from the viewing perspective. Alex

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• Creating a 2D Line Branch

  - by Danran

  I'm looking into creating a 2D line branch, something for a "lightning effect". I did ask this question before on creating a "lightning effect" (mainly though referring to the process of the glow & after effects the lightning has & to whether it was a good method to use or not); Methods of Creating a "Lightning" effect in 2D However i never did get around to getting it working. So i've been trying today to get a seconded attempt going but i'm getting now-were :/. So to be clear on what i'm trying to-do, in this article posted; http://drilian.com/2009/02/25/lightning-bolts/ I'm trying to create the line segments seen in the images on the site. I'm confused mainly by this line in the pseudo code; // Offset the midpoint by a random amount along the normal. midPoint += Perpendicular(Normalize(endPoint-startPoint))*RandomFloat(-offsetAmount,offsetAmount); If someone could explain this to me it would be really grateful :).

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• What is a good practice for 2D scene graph partitioning for culling?

  - by DevilWithin

  I need to know an efficient way to cull the scene graph objects, to render exclusively the ones in the view, and as fast as possible. I am thinking of doing it the following way, having in each object a local boundingbox which holds the object bounds, and a global boundingbox which holds the bounds of the object and all children. When a camera is moved, the render list is updated by traversing the global boundingboxes. When only the object is being moved, it tries to enlarge or shrink the ancestors global boundingboxes, and in the end updating or not the renderlist. What do you think of this approach? Do you think it will provide a fast and efficient culling? Also, because the render list is a contiguous list, it could accelerate the rendering, right? Any further tips for a 2D scene graphs are highly appreciated!

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• Strange behavior of RigidBody with gravity and impulse applied

  - by Heisenbug

  I'm doing some experiments trying to figure out how physics works in Unity. I created a cube mesh with a BoxCollider and a RigidBody. The cuve is laying on a mesh plane with a BoxCollider. I'm trying to update the object position applying a force on its RigidBody. Inside script FixedUpdate function I'm doing the following: public void FixedUpdate() { if (leftButtonPressed()) this.rigidbody.AddForce( this.transform.forward * this.forceStrength, ForceMode.Impulse); } Despite the object is aligned with the world axis and the force is applied along Z axis, it performs a quite big rotation movement around its y axis. Since I didn't modify the center of mass and the BoxCollider position and dimension, all values should be fine. Removing gravity and letting the object flying without touching the plane, the problem doesn't show. So I suppose it's related to the friction between objects, but I can't understand exactly which is the problem. Why this? What's my mistake? How can I fix this, or what's the right way to do such a moving an object on a plane through a force impulse?

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• Render angles of a 3D model into 2D images?

  - by Ricket

  Is there a tool out there that you can give a 3D model file, and it will output 2D renders of it from various angles? For example if you were making a 2D RPG but you want to make your character look nice, you might make the character in 3D and then just render the character from 8 or more angles into images which then are used by the 2D engine to give a pseudo-3D look. Does such a tool exist or will it need to be custom-written or done manually?

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• Breakout ball collision detection, bouncing against the walls [solved]

  - by Sri Harsha Chilakapati

  I'm currently trying to program a breakout game to distribute it as an example game for my own game engine. http://game-engine-for-java.googlecode.com/ But the problem here is that I can't get the bouncing condition working properly. Here's what I'm using. public void collision(GObject other){ if (other instanceof Bat || other instanceof Block){ bounce(); } else if (other instanceof Stone){ other.destroy(); bounce(); } //Breakout.HIT.play(); } And here's by bounce() method public void bounce(){ boolean left = false; boolean right = false; boolean up = false; boolean down = false; if (dx < 0) { left = true; } else if (dx > 0) { right = true; } if (dy < 0) { up = true; } else if (dy > 0) { down = true; } if (left && up) { dx = -dx; } if (left && down) { dy = -dy; } if (right && up) { dx = -dx; } if (right && down) { dy = -dy; } } The ball bounces the bat and blocks but when the block is on top of the ball, it won't bounce and moves upwards out of the game. What I'm missing? Is there anything to implement? Please help me.. Thanks EDIT: Have changed the bounce method. public void bounce(GObject other){ //System.out.println("y : " + getY() + " other.y + other.height - 2 : " + (other.getY() + other.getHeight() - 2)); if (getX()+getWidth()>other.getX()+2){ setHorizontalDirection(Direction.DIRECTION_RIGHT); } else if (getX()<(other.getX()+other.getWidth()-2)){ setHorizontalDirection(Direction.DIRECTION_LEFT); } if (getY()+getHeight()>other.getY()+2){ setVerticalDirection(Direction.DIRECTION_UP); } else if (getY()<(other.getY()+other.getHeight()-2)){ setVerticalDirection(Direction.DIRECTION_DOWN); } } EDIT: Solved now. See the changed method in my answer.

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• OpenGL ES 2. How do I Create a Basic Fading Streak Effect?

  - by dugla

  For the iPad app I am writing using OpenGL ES 2 I have a single quad - shaded using GLSL - that is dragged around the screen. Very basic. This works fine. But is rather boring. I want to increase the coolness a bit in the following way: when the user drags the quad it leaves a streak behind that fades over time. Continuous dragging would be a bit like a streaking comet across the night sky. What is the simplest way to implement this? Thanks.

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• Per-pixel collision detection - why does XNA transform matrix return NaN when adding scaling?

  - by JasperS

  I looked at the TransformCollision sample on MSDN and added the Matrix.CreateTranslation part to a property in my collision detection code but I wanted to add scaling. The code works fine when I leave scaling commented out but when I add it and then do a Matrix.Invert() on the created translation matrix the result is NaN ({NaN,NaN,NaN},{NaN,NaN,NaN},...) Can anyone tell me why this is happening please? Here's the code from the sample: // Build the block's transform Matrix blockTransform = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-blockOrigin, 0.0f)) * // Matrix.CreateScale(block.Scale) * would go here Matrix.CreateRotationZ(blocks[i].Rotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(blocks[i].Position, 0.0f)); public static bool IntersectPixels( Matrix transformA, int widthA, int heightA, Color[] dataA, Matrix transformB, int widthB, int heightB, Color[] dataB) { // Calculate a matrix which transforms from A's local space into // world space and then into B's local space Matrix transformAToB = transformA * Matrix.Invert(transformB); // When a point moves in A's local space, it moves in B's local space with a // fixed direction and distance proportional to the movement in A. // This algorithm steps through A one pixel at a time along A's X and Y axes // Calculate the analogous steps in B: Vector2 stepX = Vector2.TransformNormal(Vector2.UnitX, transformAToB); Vector2 stepY = Vector2.TransformNormal(Vector2.UnitY, transformAToB); // Calculate the top left corner of A in B's local space // This variable will be reused to keep track of the start of each row Vector2 yPosInB = Vector2.Transform(Vector2.Zero, transformAToB); // For each row of pixels in A for (int yA = 0; yA < heightA; yA++) { // Start at the beginning of the row Vector2 posInB = yPosInB; // For each pixel in this row for (int xA = 0; xA < widthA; xA++) { // Round to the nearest pixel int xB = (int)Math.Round(posInB.X); int yB = (int)Math.Round(posInB.Y); // If the pixel lies within the bounds of B if (0 <= xB && xB < widthB && 0 <= yB && yB < heightB) { // Get the colors of the overlapping pixels Color colorA = dataA[xA + yA * widthA]; Color colorB = dataB[xB + yB * widthB]; // If both pixels are not completely transparent, if (colorA.A != 0 && colorB.A != 0) { // then an intersection has been found return true; } } // Move to the next pixel in the row posInB += stepX; } // Move to the next row yPosInB += stepY; } // No intersection found return false; }

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• What is the most efficient way to add and removed Slick2D sprites?

  - by kirchhoff

  I'm making a game in Java with Slick2D and I want to create planes which shoots: int maxBullets = 40; static int bullet = 0; Missile missile[] = new Missile[maxBullets]; I want to create/move my missiles in the most efficient way, I would appreciate your advise: public void shoot() throws SlickException{ if(bullet<maxBullets){ if(missile[bullet] != null){ missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCentreX(), plane.getCentreY(), plane.image.getRotation()); }else{ missile[bullet] = new Missile("resources/missile.png", plane.getCentreX(), plane.getCentreY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } }else{ bullet = 0; missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCentreX(), plane.getCentreY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } bullet++; } I created the method resetLocation in my Missile class in order to avoid loading again the resource. Is it correct? In the update method I've got this to move all the missiles: if(bullet > 0 && bullet < maxBullets){ float hyp = 0.4f * delta; if(bullet == 1){ missile[0].move(hyp); }else{ for(int x = 0; x<bullet; x++){ missile[x].move(hyp); } } }

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• Any way to set up a grid for a board game in cocos 2d?

  - by Scott

  My first idea was to create a 2d array for my columns and rows, but it seems like there should be a better, or possibly cleaner, way to achieve this. Each square on the grid is going to have a background image, probably a .png although I might just draw the images with a draw method. Basically, I want to be able to drag and drop images onto the individual grid squares. I've been searching for a solution and the closest thing I can find is the tiled map solution. That just seems like a little overkill for what I'm trying to accomplish. Also, I don't know if this helps but i need my grid to be 12 by 12 and take up the entire width of the iphone screen.

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• How can I create animated card graphics like in Hearthstone?

  - by Appeltaart

  In the game Hearthstone, there are cards with animated images on them. A few examples: http://www.hearthhead.com/card=281/argent-commander http://www.hearthhead.com/card=469/blood-imp The animations seem to be composed of multiple effects: Particle systems. Fading sprites in and out/rotating them Simple scrolling textures A distortion effect, very evident in the cape and hair of example 1. Swirling smoke effects, the light in example 1 and the green/purple glow in example 2. The first three elements are trivial, what I'd like to know is how the last two could be done. Can this even be done realtime in a game, or are they pre-rendered animations?

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• Why the clip space in OpenGL has 4 dimensions?

  - by user827992

  I will use this as a generic reference, but the more i browser online docs and books, the less i understand about this. const float vertexPositions[] = { 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; in this online book there is an example about how to draw the first and classic hello world for OpenGL about making a triangle. The vertex structure for the triangle is declared as stated in the code above. The book, as all the other sources about this, stress the point that the Clip Space is a 4D structure that is used to basically decide what will be rasterized and rendered to the screen. Here I have my questions: i can't imagine something in 4D, i don't think that a human can do that, what is a 4D for this Clip space ? the most human-readable doc that i have read speaks about a camera, which is just an abstraction over the clipping concept, and i get that, the problem is, why not using the concept of a camera in the first place which is a more familiar 3D structure? The only problem with the concept of a camera is that you need to define the prospective in other way and so you basically have to add another statement about what kind of camera you wish to have. How i'm supposed to read this 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f ? All i get is that they are all float values and i get the meaning of the first 3 values, what does it mean the last one?

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• In concept how is Animation done?

  - by sharethis

  The first approaches in animation for my game relied mostly on sine and cosine functions with the time as parameter. As a jump a perfect sine function is acceptable but for motions of arms, weapons or face it would look quite unnatural. Moreover patching every animation out of sine and cosine is stretched to its limits soon. I head of skeletons and rigging already. Although I could not implement skeletal animations I can't imagine that quite natural animations in major games are made of static predefined motion states. So how in general is animation done today?

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• Picking a suitable resolution for a modern low-res game?

  - by MrKatSwordfish

  I'm working on a 2D game project right now (using SFML+OpenGL and C++) and I'm trying to figure out how to go about choosing a resolution. I want my game to have a pixel resolution that is around that of classic '16bit' era consoles like the Super Nintendo or Neo Geo. However, I'd also like to have my game fit the 16:9 aspect ratio that most modern PC monitors use. Finally I'd like to be able to include an option for running full screen. I know that I could create my own low-res 16:9 resolution that is more-or-less around the size of SNES or NeoGeo games. However, the problem seems to be that doing so would leave me with a non-standard resolution that my monitor would not be able to support in fullscreen mode. For example, if i divide the common 16:9 resolution 1920x1080 by 4, I would get a 16:9 resolution that is relatively close to the resolution used by 16bit era games; 480x270. That would be fine in a windowed mode, but I don't think that it would be supported in fullscreen mode. How can I choose a resolution that suits my needs? Can I use something like 480x270? If so, how would I go about getting fullscreen mode to work with such a non-standard resolution? (I'm guessing OpenGL/SFML might have a way of up-scaling...but..)

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• Why can't I compare two Texture2D's?

  - by Fiona

  I am trying to use an accessor, as it seems to me that that is the only way to accomplish what I want to do. Here is my code: Game1.cs public class GroundTexture { private Texture2D dirt; public Texture2D Dirt { get { return dirt; } set { dirt = value; } } } public class Main : Game { public static Texture2D texture = tile.Texture; GroundTexture groundTexture = new GroundTexture(); public static Texture2D dirt; protected override void LoadContent() { Tile tile = (Tile)currentLevel.GetTile(20, 20); dirt = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Dirt"); groundTexture.Dirt = dirt; Texture2D texture = tile.Texture; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { if (texture == groundTexture.Dirt) { player.TileCollision(groundBounds); } base.Update(gameTime); } } I removed irrelevant information from the LoadContent and Update functions. On the following line: if (texture == groundTexture.Dirt) I am getting the error Operator '==' cannot be applied to operands of type 'Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D' and 'Game1.GroundTexture' Am I using the accessor correctly? And why do I get this error? "Dirt" is Texture2D, so they should be comparable. This using a few functions from a program called Realm Factory, which is a tile editor. The numbers "20, 20" are just a sample of the level I made below: tile.Texture returns the sprite, which here is the content item Dirt.png Thank you very much! (I posted this on the main Stackoverflow site, but after several days didn't get a response. Since it has to do mainly with Texture2D, I figured I'd ask here.)

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• What are effective marketing strategies for iPhone games?

  - by Artemix

  So, long story short, some days ago I published an iPhone game, I think the game wasn't that bad tbh, and still I got only 10 sells at $0.99. Are they any publishers, sponsors, or distributors to make your game "visible" on the app store market?, or the only thing you need is to have an amazing game and that's all? Somehow I think that even if you have an awesome game if you don't do that "marketing magic" correctly you will not exist in the store. Now I'm making a second game, completely different, and I want to know how to do things right. If anyone knows something about this topic, let me know.

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