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  • Why is chunk size often a power of two?

    - by danijar
    There are many Minecraft clones out there and I am working on my own implementation. A principle of terrain rendering is tiling the whole world in fixed size chunks to reduce the effort of localized changes. In Minecraft the chunk size is 16 x 16 x 256 as far as I now. And in clones I also always saw chunk sizes of a power of the number 2. Is there any reason for that, maybe performance or memory related? I know that powers of 2 play a special role in binary computers but what has that to do with the chunk size?

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  • OpenGL textures trigger error 1281 if SFML is not called

    - by user3714670
    I am using SOIL to apply textures to VBOs, without textures i could change the background and display black (default color) vbos easily, but now with textures, openGL is giving an error 1281, the background is black and some textures are not applied. but the first texture IS applied (nothing else is working though). The strange thing is : if i create a dummy texture with SFML in the same program, all other textures do work. So i guess there is something i forgot in the texture creation/application, if someone could enlighten me. Here is the code i use to load textures, once loaded it is kept in memory, it mostly comes from the example of SOIL : texture = SOIL_load_OGL_single_cubemap( filename, SOIL_DDS_CUBEMAP_FACE_ORDER, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); if( texture > 0 ) { glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R ); glTexGeni( GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_R, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded single cube map ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a HDR texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_HDR_texture( filename, SOIL_HDR_RGBdivA2, 0, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS ); if( texture < 1 ) { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a simple 2D texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_texture( filename, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); } if( texture > 0 ) { // enable texturing glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // bind an OpenGL texture ID glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded texture ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); std::cout << "Texture loading failed: '" << SOIL_last_result() << "'" << std::endl; } } and how i apply it when drawing : GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myTextureSampler"); if(!TextureID) cout << "TextureID not found ..." << endl; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(TextureID); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); if(SFML) sf::Texture::bind(sfml_texture); else { glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); // glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 1024, 768, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &texture); } glUniform1i(TextureID, 0); I am not sure that SOIL is adapted to my program as i want something as simple as possible (i used sfml's texture object which was the best but i can't anymore), but if i can get it to work it would be great.

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  • Procedural content (settlement) generation

    - by instancedName
    I have, lets say, something like a homework or assignment to do. Roughly said I need to write an algorithm (pseudo code is not necessary, just in depth description) of procedure that would generate settlements, environment and a people to populate it with, as part of some larger world generation procedure. The genre of game is not specified, it could be any genre (rpg, strategy, colony simulation etc.) where interacting with large and extensive world is central to the game. Procedure should be called once per settlement. At the time of calling, world generation procedure makes geography, culture and history input available. Output should be map of the village and it's immediate area, and various potential additional information like myths, history, demographic facts etc. Bonus would be quest ant similar stuff, but that not really my focus at the moment. I will leave quality of the output for later when I actually dig little deeper into this topic. I am free to change parameters as long as I have strong explanation for doing so. Setting of the game is undetermined so I am free to use anything that I like the most. Ok, so my actual question is: Can anyone who has some experience in this field of game design recommend me some good literature, or point me in the direction where I should look/reed/study? I'm somewhat experienced game programmer, but I've never been into game design till now so any help will be great. I want to do this assignment as good as I can. As for deadline, it's not strictly set, but lets say I don't want it to take longer then few weeks, one month at worst case.

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  • My frustum culling is culling from the wrong point [SOLVED]

    - by Xbetas
    I'm having problems with my frustum being in the wrong origin. It follows the rotation of my camera but not the position. In my camera class I'm generating a view-matrix: void Camera::Update() { UpdateViewMatrix(); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //glLoadIdentity(); glLoadMatrixf(GetViewMatrix().m); } Then extracting the planes using the projection matrix and modelview matrix: void UpdateFrustum() { Matrix4x4 projection, model, clip; glGetFloatv(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection.m); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, model.m); clip = model * projection; m_Planes[RIGHT][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 0]; m_Planes[RIGHT][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 4]; m_Planes[RIGHT][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[ 8]; m_Planes[RIGHT][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[12]; NormalizePlane(RIGHT); m_Planes[LEFT][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 0]; m_Planes[LEFT][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 4]; m_Planes[LEFT][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[ 8]; m_Planes[LEFT][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[12]; NormalizePlane(LEFT); m_Planes[BOTTOM][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 1]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 5]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[ 9]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[13]; NormalizePlane(BOTTOM); m_Planes[TOP][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 1]; m_Planes[TOP][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 5]; m_Planes[TOP][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[ 9]; m_Planes[TOP][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[13]; NormalizePlane(TOP); m_Planes[NEAR][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 2]; m_Planes[NEAR][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 6]; m_Planes[NEAR][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[10]; m_Planes[NEAR][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[14]; NormalizePlane(NEAR); m_Planes[FAR][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 2]; m_Planes[FAR][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 6]; m_Planes[FAR][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[10]; m_Planes[FAR][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[14]; NormalizePlane(FAR); } void NormalizePlane(int side) { float length = 1.0/(float)sqrt(m_Planes[side][0] * m_Planes[side][0] + m_Planes[side][1] * m_Planes[side][1] + m_Planes[side][2] * m_Planes[side][2]); m_Planes[side][0] *= length; m_Planes[side][1] *= length; m_Planes[side][2] *= length; m_Planes[side][3] *= length; } And check against it with: bool PointInFrustum(float x, float y, float z) { for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if( m_Planes[i][0] * x + m_Planes[i][1] * y + m_Planes[i][2] * z + m_Planes[i][3] <= 0 ) return false; } return true; } Then i render using: camera->Update(); UpdateFrustum(); int numCulled = 0; for(int i = 0; i < (int)meshes.size(); i++) { if(!PointInFrustum(meshCenter.x, meshCenter.y, meshCenter.z)) { meshes[i]->SetDraw(false); numCulled++; } else meshes[i]->SetDraw(true); } Matrices look like (Camera is at (5, 0, 0)): ModelView [0,0,0.99,0] [0,1,0,0] [-0.99,0,0,0] [0,0,-5,1] Projection [0.814,0,0,0] [0,1.303,0,0] [0,0,-1,0] [0,0,-0.02,0] Clip [0,0,-1,-0.999] [0,1.30,0,0] [-0.814,0,0,0] [0,0,4.98,4.99] What am i doing wrong?

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  • JavaScript 3D space ship rotation

    - by user36202
    I am working with a fairly low-level JavaScript 3D API (not Three.js) which uses euler angles for rotation. In most cases, euler angles work quite well for doing things like aligning buildings, operating a hovercraft, or looking around in the first-person. However, in space there is no up or down. I want to control the ship's roll, pitch, and yaw. To do that, some people would use a local coordinate system or a permenant matrix or quaternion or whatever to represent the ship's angle. However, since I am not most people and am using a library that deals exclusively in euler angles, I will be using relative angles to represent how to rotate the ship in space and getting the resulting non-relative euler angles. For you math nerds, that means I need to convert 3 euler angles (with Y being the vertical axis, X representing the pitch, and Z representing a roll which is unaffected by the other angles, left-handed system) into a 3x3 orientation matrix, do something fancy with the matrix, and convert it back into the 3 euler angles. Euler to matrix to euler. Somebody has posted something similar to this on SO (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1217775/rotating-a-spaceship-model-for-a-space-simulator-game) but he ended up just working with a matrix. This will not do for me. Also, I am using JavaScript, not C++. What I want essentially are the functions do_roll, do_pitch, and do_yaw which only take in and put out euler angles. Many thanks.

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  • Android Bitmap : collision Detecting [on hold]

    - by user2505374
    I am writing an Android game right now and I would need some help in the collision of the wall on screen. When I drag the ball in the top and right it able to collide in wall but when I drag it faster it was able to overlap in the wall. public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { int x = (int) event.getX(); int y = (int) event.getY(); switch (event.getAction()) { // if the player moves case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: { if (playerTouchRect.contains(x, y)) { boolean left = false; boolean right = false; boolean up = false; boolean down = false; boolean canMove = false; boolean foundFinish = false; if (x != pLastXPos) { if (x < pLastXPos) { left = true; } else { right = true; } pLastXPos = x; } if (y != pLastYPos) { if (y < pLastYPos) { up = true; } else { down = true; } pLastYPos = y; } plCellRect = getRectFromPos(x, y); newplRect.set(playerRect); newplRect.left = x - (int) (playerRect.width() / 2); newplRect.right = x + (int) (playerRect.width() / 2); newplRect.top = y - (int) (playerRect.height() / 2); newplRect.bottom = y + (int) (playerRect.height() / 2); int currentRow = 0; int currentCol = 0; currentRow = getRowFromYPos(newplRect.top); currentCol = getColFromXPos(newplRect.right); if(!canMove){ canMove = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol] == Cell.wall; canMove =true; } finishTest = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol]; foundA = finishTest == Cell.valueOf(letterNotGet + ""); canMove = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol] != Cell.wall; canMove = (finishTest == Cell.floor || finishTest == Cell.pl) && canMove; if (canMove) { invalidate(); setTitle(); } if (foundA) { mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol] = Cell.floor; // finishTest letterGotten.add(letterNotGet); playCurrentLetter(); /*sounds.play(sExplosion, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0, 0, 1.5f);*/ foundS = letterNotGet == 's'; letterNotGet++; }if(foundS){ AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mainActivity); builder.setTitle(mainActivity.getText(R.string.finished_title)); LayoutInflater inflater = mainActivity.getLayoutInflater(); View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.finish, null); builder.setView(view); View closeButton =view.findViewById(R.id.closeGame); closeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View clicked) { if(clicked.getId() == R.id.closeGame) { mainActivity.finish(); } } }); AlertDialog finishDialog = builder.create(); finishDialog.show(); } else { Log.d(TAG, "INFO: updated player position"); playerRect.set(newplRect); setTouchZone(); updatePlayerCell(); } } // end of (CASE) if playerTouch break; } // end of (SWITCH) Case motion }//end of Switch return true; }//end of TouchEvent private void finish() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public int getColFromXPos(int xPos) { val = xPos / (pvWidth / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols); if (val == mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols) { val = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols - 1; } return val; } /** * Given a y pixel position, return the row of the cell it is in This is * used when determining the type of adjacent Cells. * * @param yPos * y position in pixels * @return The cell this position is in */ public int getRowFromYPos(int yPos) { val = yPos / (pvHeight / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows); if (val == mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows) { val = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows - 1; } return val; } /** * When preserving the position we need to know which cell the player is in, * so calculate it from the centre on its Rect */ public void updatePlayerCell() { plCell.x = (playerRect.left + (playerRect.width() / 2)) / (pvWidth / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols); plCell.y = (playerRect.top + (playerRect.height() / 2)) / (pvHeight / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows); if (mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[plCell.y][plCell.x] == Cell.floor) { for (int row = 0; row < mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows; row++) { for (int col = 0; col < mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols; col++) { if (mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[row][col] == Cell.pl) { mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[row][col] = Cell.floor; break; } } } mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[plCell.y][plCell.x] = Cell.pl; } } public Rect getRectFromPos(int x, int y) { calcCell.left = ((x / cellWidth) + 0) * cellWidth; calcCell.right = calcCell.left + cellWidth; calcCell.top = ((y / cellHeight) + 0) * cellHeight; calcCell.bottom = calcCell.top + cellHeight; Log.d(TAG, "Rect: " + calcCell + " Player: " + playerRect); return calcCell; } public void setPlayerRect(Rect newplRect) { playerRect.set(newplRect); } private void setTouchZone() { playerTouchRect.set( playerRect.left - playerRect.width() / TOUCH_ZONE, playerRect.top - playerRect.height() / TOUCH_ZONE, playerRect.right + playerRect.width() / TOUCH_ZONE, playerRect.bottom + playerRect.height() / TOUCH_ZONE); } public Rect getPlayerRect() { return playerRect; } public Point getPlayerCell() { return plCell; } public void setPlayerCell(Point cell) { plCell = cell; }

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  • Quake 3 Bot Programming Example

    - by Manni
    I would like to implement an intelligent bot for Quake-3. I downloaded the and built the code successfully under Linux. My problem is that I couldn't find any complete tutorial telling me how to build an agent; telling which files to use( as there are many files in the source code). Can you give me a website or piece of source code telling me how to start? Or something like an example source code for a bot.

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  • SFML 2.0 Too Many Variables in Class Preventing Draw To Screen

    - by Josh
    This is a very strange phenomenon to me. I have a class definition for a game, but when I add another variable to the class, the draw method does not print everything to the screen. It will be easier understood showing the code and output. Code for good draw output: class board { protected: RectangleShape rect; int top, left; int i, j; int rowSelect, columnSelect; CircleShape circleArr[4][10]; CircleShape codeArr[4]; CircleShape keyArr[4][10]; //int pegPresent[4]; public: board(void); void draw(RenderWindow& Window); int mouseOver(RenderWindow& Window); void placePeg(RenderWindow& Window, int pegSelect); }; Screen: Code for missing draw: class board { protected: RectangleShape rect; int top, left; int i, j; int rowSelect, columnSelect; CircleShape circleArr[4][10]; CircleShape codeArr[4]; CircleShape keyArr[4][10]; int pegPresent[4]; public: board(void); void draw(RenderWindow& Window); int mouseOver(RenderWindow& Window); void placePeg(RenderWindow& Window, int pegSelect); }; Screen: As you can see, all I do is un-comment the protected array and most of the pegs are gone from the right hand side. I have checked and made sure that I didn't accidentally created a variable with that name already. I haven't used it anywhere. Why does it not draw the remaining pegs as it should? My only thought is that maybe I am declaring too many variables for the class, but that doesn't really make sense to me. Any thoughts and help is greatly appreciated.

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  • Better way to load level content in XNA?

    - by user2002495
    Currently I loaded all my assets in XNA in the main Game class. What I want to achieve later is that I only load specific assets for specific levels (the game will consist of many levels). Here is how I load my main assets into the main class: protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); plane = new Player(Content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Player/playerSprite"), 6, 8); plane.animation = "down"; plane.pos = new Vector2(400, 500); plane.fps = 15; Global.currentPos = plane.pos; lvl1 = new Level1(Content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Levels/bgLvl1"), Content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Levels/bgLvl1-other"), new Vector2(0, 0), new Vector2(0, -600)); CommonBullet.LoadContent(Content); CommonEnemyBullet.LoadContent(Content); } protected override void UnloadContent() { } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); plane.Update(gameTime); lvl1.Update(gameTime); foreach (CommonEnemy ce in cel) { if (ce.CollidesWith(plane)) { ce.hasSpawn = false; } foreach (CommonBullet b in plane.commonBulletList) { if (b.CollidesWith(ce)) { ce.hasSpawn = false; } } ce.Update(gameTime); } LoadCommonEnemy(); base.Update(gameTime); } private void LoadCommonEnemy() { int randY = rand.Next(-600, -10); int randX = rand.Next(0, 750); if (cel.Count < 3) { cel.Add(new CommonEnemy(Content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Enemy/Common/commonEnemySprite"), 7, 2, "left", randX, randY)); } for (int i = 0; i < cel.Count; i++) { if (!cel[i].hasSpawn) { cel.RemoveAt(i); i--; } } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); spriteBatch.Begin(); lvl1.Draw(spriteBatch); plane.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (CommonEnemy ce in cel) { ce.Draw(spriteBatch); } spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } I wish to load my players, enemies, all in Level1 class. However, when I move my player & enemy code into the Level1 class, the gameTime returns null. Here is my Level1 class: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using SpaceShooter_Beta.Animation.PlayerCollection; using SpaceShooter_Beta.Animation.EnemyCollection.Common; namespace SpaceShooter_Beta.Levels { public class Level1 { public Texture2D bgTexture1, bgTexture2; public Vector2 bgPos1, bgPos2; public float speed = 5f; Player plane; public Level1(Texture2D texture1, Texture2D texture2, Vector2 pos1, Vector2 pos2) { this.bgTexture1 = texture1; this.bgTexture2 = texture2; this.bgPos1 = pos1; this.bgPos2 = pos2; } public void LoadContent(ContentManager cm) { plane = new Player(cm.Load<Texture2D>(@"Player/playerSprite"), 6, 8); plane.animation = "down"; plane.pos = new Vector2(400, 500); plane.fps = 15; Global.currentPos = plane.pos; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch sb) { sb.Draw(bgTexture1, bgPos1, Color.White); sb.Draw(bgTexture2, bgPos2, Color.White); plane.Draw(sb); } public void Update(GameTime gt) { bgPos1.Y += speed; bgPos2.Y += speed; if (bgPos1.Y >= 600) { bgPos1.Y = -600; } if (bgPos2.Y >= 600) { bgPos2.Y = -600; } plane.Update(gt); } } } Of course when I did this, I delete all my player's code in the main Game class. All of that works fine (no errors) except that the game cannot start. The debugger says that plane.Update(gt); in Level 1 class has null GameTime, same thing with the Draw method in the Level class. Please help, I appreciate for the time. [EDIT] I know that using switch in the main class can be a solution. But I prefer a cleaner solution than that, since using switch still means I need to load all the assets through the main class, the code will be A LOT later on for each levels

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  • How to work with scenes in a 2D game

    - by Anearion
    I'm a java/android programmer, but I don't have any experience in game programming, I'm already reading proper books, like "Pro Android Games", but my concerns are more about the ideas behind game programming than the techniques themselves. I'm working on a 2D game, something like Cluedo to let you understand the genre. I would like to know how should I act with the "scenes", for example, a room with a desk, TV, windows and a lamp. I need to make some items tappable and others not. Is it common to use one image (invisible to the user) with every different item a different color, then call the getColor() method on the image? Or use one image as background, and separate images for all the items? If the latter, how can I set the positioning? and should I use imageView or imageButton? I'm sorry if those are really low quality questions, but as "outsider" ( I'm 23 and still finishing my university ) it's pretty hard learn alone.

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  • Minecraft style XNA game collision?

    - by Levi
    I've been trying to get this working for ages now, I can detect if there's a solid block at any place on the map and I can check how far something is inside of it, but I don't understand how to fix the collision. I've tried loads of ways and all of them end up by the player getting stuck, glitching around, incorrect responses and I really have no idea how to go about this :/. int Chnk = Utility.GetChunkFromPosition(origin); if (Chnk == -1) return; Vector3 Pos = Utility.GetCubeVectorFromPosition(origin); if (GlobalWorld.LoadedChunks[Chnk].Blocks[(byte)Pos.X, (byte)Pos.Y, (byte)Pos.Z] != 0) { isInIllegalState = true; if (velocity.Y < 0f) velocity.Y = 0f; } while (isInIllegalState) { if (GlobalWorld.LoadedChunks[Chnk].Blocks[(byte)Pos.X, (byte)origin.Y, (byte)Pos.Z] != 0) origin.Y = (int)(origin.Y + 1); else isInIllegalState = false; } if (origin.Y < Chunk.YSize - 2 && GlobalWorld.LoadedChunks[Chnk].Blocks[(byte)Pos.X, (byte)(origin.Y + playerHeight.Y), (byte)Pos.Z] != 0) { velocity.Y = 0f; //Acceleration.Y = 0f; origin.Y = (int)origin.Y;// -0.5f; } for (int x = -1; x <= 1; x+=2) { for (int z = -1; z <= 1; z += 2) { Vector3 CornerPosition = new Vector3(boundingSize * x, 0, boundingSize * z); bool CorrectX = false; bool CorrectZ = false; Vector3 RoundedOrigin = Utility.RoundVector(origin); Vector3 RoundedCorner = Utility.RoundVector(origin + CornerPosition); byte BlockAdjacent = Utility.GetCubeFromPosition(origin + CornerPosition); if (BlockAdjacent == 0) continue; if (RoundedCorner.X != RoundedOrigin.X && RoundedCorner.Z != RoundedOrigin.Z) { CorrectX = true; CorrectZ = true; } if (RoundedCorner.Z != RoundedOrigin.Z && RoundedCorner.X == RoundedOrigin.X) CorrectZ = true; if (RoundedCorner.X != RoundedOrigin.X && RoundedCorner.Z == RoundedOrigin.Z) CorrectX = true; if (CorrectX && CornerPosition.X > 0) { if (origin.X > 0f) origin.X = (int)(origin.X + 1) - boundingSize; else origin.X = (int)origin.X - boundingSize; } else if (CorrectX && CornerPosition.X < 0) { if (origin.X > 0f) origin.X = (int)(origin.X) + boundingSize; else origin.X = (int)(origin.X - 1) + boundingSize; } if (CorrectZ && CornerPosition.Z > 0) { if (origin.Z > 0f) origin.Z = (int)(origin.Z + 1) - boundingSize; else origin.Z = (int)origin.Z - boundingSize; } else if (CorrectZ && CornerPosition.Z < 0) { if (origin.Z > 0f) origin.Z = (int)(origin.Z) + boundingSize; else origin.Z = (int)(origin.Z - 1) + boundingSize; } } }

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  • CW/CCW Rotation of a Vector

    - by user23132
    Considering that I have a vector A, and after an arbitrary rotation I get vector B. I want to use this rotation operation in others vectors as well, but I'm having problems in doing that. My idea do that is to calculate the perpendicular vector C of the plane AB (by calculating AxB). This vector C is the axis that I'll need to rotate. To discover the angle I used the dot product between A and B, the acos of the dot product will return the lowest angle between A and B, the angle ang. The rotation I need to do is then: -rotate *ang*º around the C axis. The problem is that I dont know if this rotation is a CW or CCW rotation, since the cos of the dot product does not give me information of the sign of the angle. There's a tip discover that in 2D ( A.x * B.y - A.y * B.x) that you can use to discover if the vector A is at left/right of vector B. But I dont know how to do this in 3D space. Can anyone help me?

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  • Adding 2D vector movement with rotation applied

    - by Michael Zehnich
    I am trying to apply a slight sine wave movement to objects that float around the screen to make them a little more interesting. I would like to apply this to the objects so that they oscillate from side to side, not front to back (so the oscillation does not affect their forward velocity). After reading various threads and tutorials, I have come to the conclusion that I need to create and add vectors, but I simply cannot come up with a solution that works. This is where I'm at right now, in the object's update method (updated based on comments): Vector2 oldPosition = new Vector2(spritePos.X, spritePos.Y); //note: newPosition is initially set in the constructor to spritePos.x/y Vector2 direction = newPosition - oldPosition; Vector2 perpendicular = new Vector2(direction.Y, -direction.X); perpendicular.Normalize(); sinePosAng += 0.1f; perpendicular.X += 2.5f * (float)Math.Sin(sinePosAng); spritePos.X += velocity * (float)Math.Cos(radians); spritePos.Y += velocity * (float)Math.Sin(radians); spritePos += perpendicular; newPosition = spritePos;

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  • How to properly do weapon cool-down reload timer in multi-player laggy environment?

    - by John Murdoch
    I want to handle weapon cool-down timers in a fair and predictable way on both client on server. Situation: Multiple clients connected to server, which is doing hit detection / physics Clients have different latency for their connections to server ranging from 50ms to 500ms. They want to shoot weapons with fairly long reload/cool-down times (assume exactly 10 seconds) It is important that they get to shoot these weapons close to the cool-down time, as if some clients manage to shoot sooner than others (either because they are "early" or the others are "late") they gain a significant advantage. I need to show time remaining for reload on player's screen Clients can have clocks which are flat-out wrong (bad timezones, etc.) What I'm currently doing to deal with latency: Client collects server side state in a history, tagged with server timestamps Client assesses his time difference with server time: behindServerTimeNs = (behindServerTimeNs + (System.nanoTime() - receivedState.getServerTimeNs())) / 2 Client renders all state received from server 200 ms behind from his current time, adjusted by what he believes his time difference with server time is (whether due to wrong clocks, or lag). If he has server states on both sides of that calculated time, he (mostly LERP) interpolates between them, if not then he (LERP) extrapolates. No other client-side prediction of movement, e.g., to make his vehicle seem more responsive is done so far, but maybe will be added later So how do I properly add weapon reload timers? My first idea would be for the server to send each player the time when his reload will be done with each world state update, the client then adjusts it for the clock difference and thus can estimate when the reload will be finished in client-time (perhaps considering also for latency that the shoot message from client to server will take as well?), and if the user mashes the "shoot" button after (or perhaps even slightly before?) that time, send the shoot event. The server would get the shoot event and consider the time shot was made as the server time when it was received. It would then discard it if it is nowhere near reload time, execute it immediately if it is past reload time, and hold it for a few physics cycles until reload is done in case if it was received a bit early. It does all seem a bit convoluted, and I'm wondering whether it will work (e.g., whether it won't be the case that players with lower ping get better reload rates), and whether there are more elegant solutions to this problem.

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  • Implementing Circle Physics in Java

    - by Shijima
    I am working on a simple physics based game where 2 balls bounce off each other. I am following a tutorial, 2-Dimensional Elastic Collisions Without Trigonometry, for the collision reactions. I am using Vector2 from the LIBGDX library to handle vectors. I am a bit confused on how to implement step 6 in Java from the tutorial. Below is my current code, please note that the code strictly follows the tutorial and there are redundant pieces of code which I plan to refactor later. Note: refrences to this refer to ball 1, and ball refers to ball 2. /* * Step 1 * * Find the Normal, Unit Normal and Unit Tangential vectors */ Vector2 n = new Vector2(this.position[0] - ball.position[0], this.position[1] - ball.position[1]); Vector2 un = n.normalize(); Vector2 ut = new Vector2(-un.y, un.x); /* * Step 2 * * Create the initial (before collision) velocity vectors */ Vector2 v1 = this.velocity; Vector2 v2 = ball.velocity; /* * Step 3 * * Resolve the velocity vectors into normal and tangential components */ float v1n = un.dot(v1); float v1t = ut.dot(v1); float v2n = un.dot(v2); float v2t = ut.dot(v2); /* * Step 4 * * Find the new tangential Velocities after collision */ float v1tPrime = v1t; float v2tPrime = v2t; /* * Step 5 * * Find the new normal velocities */ float v1nPrime = v1n * (this.mass - ball.mass) + (2 * ball.mass * v2n) / (this.mass + ball.mass); float v2nPrime = v2n * (ball.mass - this.mass) + (2 * this.mass * v1n) / (this.mass + ball.mass); /* * Step 6 * * Convert the scalar normal and tangential velocities into vectors??? */

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  • Checking for alternate keys with XNA IsKeyDown

    - by jocull
    I'm working on picking up XNA and this was a confusing point for me. KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) || keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { //Do stuff... } The book I'm using (Learning XNA 4.0, O'Rielly) says that this method accepts a bitwise OR series of keys, which I think should look like this... KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left | Keys.A)) { //Do stuff... } But I can't get it work. I also tried using !IsKeyUp(... | ...) as it said that all keys had to be down for it to be true, but had no luck with that either. Ideas? Thanks.

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  • Java Applet Tower Defence Game needs tweeking

    - by Ephiras
    Hello :) i have made a tower defence Game for my computer science class as one of my major projects, but have encountered some rather fatal roadblocks. here they are creating a menu screen (class Menu) that can set the total number of enimies, the max number of towers, starting money and the map. i tried creating a constructor in my Main class that sets all the values to whatever the Menu class passes in. I want the Menu screen to close after a difficulty has been selected and the main class to begin. Another problem i would really like some help with is instead of having to write entire arrays i would like to create a small segment of code that runs through an entire picture and sets up an array based on that pixels color.this way i can have multiple levels just dragged into a level folder and have the program read through them. users can even create their own. so a 1 if its yellow, a two if blue and a 3 if purple, then everything else = 0; you can download all the classes and code uif you'd like here sorry about having to redirect you but i wasn't sure how to efficently add a code spoiler. help is greatly appreciated

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  • How to deal with Character body parts from Design to Cocos2d

    - by Edwin Soho
    I'm trying to figure out the pattern the game developers use together with game designers: See the picture below with the independent parts: Questions: 1) Should I create different image parts from different body parts or keep frame by frame animaton? (I know both can be used, but I'm trying to figure what is commonly used in the industry) 2) If I'm going to generate different image parts from different body parts (which is I thing is more logical) how would I export that to Cocos2d (Vector or Bitmap)?

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  • Tips and Tools for creating Spritesheet animations

    - by Spooks
    I am looking for a tool that I can use to create sprite sheet easily. Right now I am using Illustrator, but I can never get the center of the character in the exact position, so it looks like it is moving around(even though its always in one place), while being loop through the sprite sheet. Is there any better tools that I can be using? Also what kind of tips would you give for working with a sprite sheet? Should I create each part of the character in individual layers (left arm, right arm, body, etc.) or everything at once? any other tips would also be helpful! thank you

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  • Unity3D problem. Bullets fall down instead of flying like they should

    - by user2342080
    I used this tutorial as a reference. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3L8eaoyZ0Go My problem is that whenever I play the game, EVERYTHING works but the bullets. It just falls down instead of flying forward. This is the flash version of the game: http://v1k.me/swf/ Can some one help me out? Should I upload the project? This is my "Shoot.js": public var bulletPrefab : Transform; public var bulletSpeed : float = 20; function Update() { if(Input.GetMouseButton(0)) { if(bulletPrefab || bulletSpeed) { var bulletCreate = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, GameObject.Find("SpawnPoint").transform.position, Quaternion.identity); bulletCreate.rigidbody.AddForce(transform.forward * bulletSpeed); } } }

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  • Texture2D.GetData fails to return pixel colour data

    - by Chris Charabaruk
    Because I'm using sprite sheets instead of an individual texture per sprite, I need to pass in a Rectangle when calling Texture2D.GetData() in my collision detection for per-pixel tests. Unfortunately, without fail I get an ArgumentException percolated down from an internal method inside the Texture (not Texture2D) class. My code for getting the texture data looks like this: public override Color[] GetPixelData() { Color[] data = new Color[(int)size.Product()]; Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(hframe * (int)size.X, vframe * (int)size.Y, (int)size.X, (int)size.Y); #if DEBUG if (sprite.Bounds.Contains(rect) && sprite.Format == SurfaceFormat.Color) #endif sprite.GetData(0, rect, data, 0, 1); return data; } Even with the check to ensure I'm grabbing a valid rectangle and that the texture format matches what I'm trying to get, I still get that exception, claiming "The size of the data passed in is too large or too small for this resource." Unfortunately, the debugger won't let me check the locals within the Texture.ValidateTotalSize() method where the exception originates. Has anyone else had this problem and knows how to fix it? I'm relying on AABB testing only for now, but that doesn't really work for some of my game's entities due to odd shapes, rotation and scaling.

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  • Consistency of DirectX models

    - by marc wellman
    Is there a way to check the consistency of a DirectX model (.x) ? Whilst compiling .x files with XNA GameStudio 3.1 compilation is aborted with the following error message: Error 2 Could not read the X file. The file is corrupt or invalid. Error code: D3DXFERR_PARSEERROR. C:\WFP\Browser\Content\m.x KiviBrowser Some models compile correctly without any error/warning and some abort as described. The files of each model have several thousand lines. I am creating the files in Googles SketchUp 8 where they all look fine and don't show any sign of corruption. Suppose I have such a model my XNA compiler won't compile because their is an inconsistency somewhere in the file - how could I identify this in order to correct it ?

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  • Unable to Call Instantiate in Class Member Function

    - by onguarde
    The following javascript is attached to a gameObject. var instance : GameObject; class eg_class { function eg_func(){ var thePrefab : GameObject; instance = Instantiate(thePrefab); } } Error, Unknown identifier: 'instance'. Unknown identifier: 'Instantiate'. Questions, 1) Why is it that "instance" cannot be accessed within a class? Isn't it supposed to be a public variable? 2) "Instantiate" function works in Start()/Update() root functions. Is there a way to make it work from within member functions? Thanks in advance!

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  • 2D Animation Smoothness - Delta time vs. Kinematics

    - by viperld002
    I'm animating a sprite in 2D with key frames of rotation and xy-positions. I've recently had a discussion with someone saying that when the device (happens to be an iPad using cocos2D) hits a performance bump due to whatever else the user may be doing, lag will arise and that the best way to fight it is to not use actual positions, but velocities, accelerations and torques with kinematics. His message is to evaluate the positions and rotations from these speeds at the current point in time. I've never experienced a situation where I've heard of using kinematics to stem lag in 2D animations and am not sure of how effective it could be. Also, it seems to be overkill. The application is not networked so it's all running on a local device. The desired effect is that the animation always plays as closely as it can to the target frame rate. Wouldn't the technique suffer the same problems as just using the time since the last frame or a fixed time step since the kinematics would also require some time value to perform the calculation? What techniques could you suggest to best achieve the desired effect? EDIT 1 Thank you for your responses, they are very illuminating. I want to clarify my question before choosing an answer however, to make sure that this post really serves it's purpose. I have a sprite of a ball, and a text file with 3 arrays worth of information (rotation,translations x, translations y) with each unit of information existing as a key frame to be stepped through (0 to 49 and back to 0 to replay it again). I have this playing by interpolating from the current key frame to the next, every n-units of time. The animation is visibly correct when compared to a video I was given of it, and it is smooth because of the interpolations between the key frames. This is the existing state of the project. There are no physics simulated, only a static animation of a ball moving in a way an artist specifically designed. Should I, instead of rotation in degrees and translations by positions in space, derive velocities, accelerations and torques to express this static animation as a function of time? As in, position now = foo(time now), where foo uses kinematics.

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  • Beginner C# image loading woes - NullReferenceException

    - by Seth Taddiken
    I keep getting a "NullReferenceExeption was unhandled" with "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." written under it. I have all of the images (png) correct with names and added to references. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); backGround = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Cracked"); player1.playerBlock = Content.Load<Texture2D>("square"); player2.playerBlock = Content.Load<Texture2D>("square2"); }

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