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  • Non-unique display names?

    - by Davy8
    I know of at least big title game (Starcraft II) that doesn't require unique display names, so it would seem like it can work in at least some circumstance. Under what situations does allowing non-unique display names work well? When does it not work well? Does it come down to whether or not impersonation of someone else is a problem? The reasons I believe it works for Starcraft II is that there isn't any kind of in-game trading of virtual goods and other than "for kicks" there isn't much incentive to impersonate someone else in the game. There's also ladder rankings so even trying to impersonate a pro is easily detectable unless you're on a similar skill level. What are some other cases where it makes sense to specifically allow or disallow duplicate display names? (I have no idea what to tag this as. I went with game-design because I needed at least 1 tag and I don't have rep to create new ones yet.)

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  • How do I pass vertex and color positions to OpenGL shaders?

    - by smoth190
    I've been trying to get this to work for the past two days, telling myself I wouldn't ask for help. I think you can see where that got me... I thought I'd try my hand at a little OpenGL, because DirectX is complex and depressing. I picked OpenGL 3.x, because even with my OpenGL 4 graphics card, all my friends don't have that, and I like to let them use my programs. There aren't really any great tutorials for OpenGL 3, most are just "type this and this will happen--the end". I'm trying to just draw a simple triangle, and so far, all I have is a blank screen with my clear color (when I set the draw type to GL_POINTS I just get a black dot). I have no idea what the problem is, so I'll just slap down the code: Here is the function that creates the triangle: void CEntityRenderable::CreateBuffers() { m_vertices = new Vertex3D[3]; m_vertexCount = 3; m_vertices[0].x = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[0].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[0].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].x = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[1].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[1].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].x = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].y = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[2].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].a = 1.0f; //Create the VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vaoID); //Bind the VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Create a vertex buffer glGenBuffers(1, &m_vboID); //Bind the buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vboID); //Set the buffers data glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_vertices), m_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Set its usage glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex3D), 0); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, sizeof(Vertex3D), (void*)(3*sizeof(float))); //Enable glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //Check for errors if(glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) { Error("Failed to create VBO: %s", gluErrorString(glGetError())); } //Unbind... glBindVertexArray(0); } The Vertex3D struct is as such... struct Vertex3D { Vertex3D() : x(0), y(0), z(0), r(0), g(0), b(0), a(1) {} float x, y, z; float r, g, b, a; }; And finally the render function: void CEntityRenderable::RenderEntity() { //Render... glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Use our attribs glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, m_vertexCount); glBindVertexArray(0); //unbind OnRender(); } (And yes, I am binding and unbinding the shader. That is just in a different place) I think my problem is that I haven't fully wrapped my mind around this whole VertexAttribArray thing (the only thing I like better in DirectX was input layouts D:). This is my vertex shader: #version 330 //Matrices uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; //In values layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; //Out values out vec3 frag_color; //Main shader void main(void) { //Position in world gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); //gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); //No color changes frag_color = color; } As you can see, I've disable the matrices, because that just makes debugging this thing so much harder. I tried to debug using glslDevil, but my program just crashes right before the shaders are created... so I gave up with that. This is my first shot at OpenGL since the good old days of LWJGL, but that was when I didn't even know what a shader was. Thanks for your help :)

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  • Interaction using Kinect in XNA

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    So i have written a program to play a sound file when ever my RightHand.Joint touches the 3D model . . It goes like this . . even though the code works somehow but not very accurate . . for example it will play the sound when my hand is slightly under my 3D object not exactly on my 3D object . How do i make it more accurate? here is the code . . (HandX & HandY is the values coming from the Skeleton data RightHand.Joint.X etc) and also this calculation doesnt work with Animated Sprites..which i need to do foreach (_3DModel s in Solar) { float x = (float)Math.Floor(((handX * 0.5f) + 0.5f) * (resolution.X)); float y = (float)Math.Floor(((handY * -0.5f) + 0.5f) * (resolution.Y)); float z = (float)Math.Floor((handZ) / 4 * 20000); if (Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(x - s.modelPosition.X, 2) + Math.Pow(y - s.modelPosition.Y, 2)) < 15) { //Exit(); PlaySound("hyperspace_activate"); Console.WriteLine("1" + "handx:" + x + "," + " " + "modelPos.X:" + s.modelPosition.X + "," + " " + "handY:" + y + "modelPos.Y:" + s.modelPosition.Y); } else { Console.WriteLine("2" + "handx:" + x + "," + " " + "modelPos.X:" + s.modelPosition.X + "," + " " + "handY:" + y + "modelPos.Y:" + s.modelPosition.Y); } }

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  • Problem creating levels using inherited classes/polymorphism

    - by Adam
    I'm trying to write my level classes by having a base class that each level class inherits from...The base class uses pure virtual functions. My base class is only going to be used as a vector that'll have the inherited level classes pushed onto it...This is what my code looks like at the moment, I've tried various things and get the same result (segmentation fault). //level.h class Level { protected: Mix_Music *music; SDL_Surface *background; SDL_Surface *background2; vector<Enemy> enemy; bool loaded; int time; public: Level(); virtual ~Level(); int bgX, bgY; int bg2X, bg2Y; int width, height; virtual void load(); virtual void unload(); virtual void update(); virtual void draw(); }; //level.cpp Level::Level() { bgX = 0; bgY = 0; bg2X = 0; bg2Y = 0; width = 2048; height = 480; loaded = false; time = 0; } Level::~Level() { } //virtual functions are empty... I'm not sure exactly what I'm supposed to include in the inherited class structure, but this is what I have at the moment... //level1.h class Level1: public Level { public: Level1(); ~Level1(); void load(); void unload(); void update(); void draw(); }; //level1.cpp Level1::Level1() { } Level1::~Level1() { enemy.clear(); Mix_FreeMusic(music); SDL_FreeSurface(background); SDL_FreeSurface(background2); music = NULL; background = NULL; background2 = NULL; Mix_CloseAudio(); } void Level1::load() { music = Mix_LoadMUS("music/song1.xm"); background = loadImage("image/background.png"); background2 = loadImage("image/background2.png"); Mix_OpenAudio(48000, MIX_DEFAULT_FORMAT, 2, 4096); Mix_PlayMusic(music, -1); } void Level1::unload() { } //functions have level-specific code in them... Right now for testing purposes, I just have the main loop call Level1 level1; and use the functions, but when I run the game I get a segmentation fault. This is the first time I've tried writing inherited classes, so I know I'm doing something wrong, but I can't seem to figure out what exactly.

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  • How to control an actor movement in UDK

    - by Mikalichov
    This might be very basic, but I couldn't find something relevant to what I need (see below). I am working on a very basic thing: a 3D environment with some buildings, and actors walking inside it. It looks like following: I mainly want to manage to have one actor standing around, idling, and another walking around the area. Right now, this is done through matinee + skeletal mesh groups, and forcing a looped animation on the actors: But I realize this is super caveman-level. So I've build an AnimTree, linking the idling and directional animations to the corresponding nodes. But then, I'm stuck. I added the AnimTree in the actors properties, but nothing happens. I've tried MoveToActor, but no success - is there a thing to set to allow an actor to move? Also, I place the actors on the map manually (they are supposed to be unique), should I spawn them instead? Every tutorial I find explains how to use an AnimTree for the player character, which is not what I want. I need a way to move the actors. I tried to look for AI tutorials, but only found UT3 bots-modifications, which is not what I need either. Since I have so much trouble finding how to do this through Kismet, I'm starting to suspect this has to be done through scripting/coding, but I would like to be sure there is no way to do it through Kismet before going that route. Every bit of answer about how to tell an actor something along the lines of "go in that direction as much as you can, then when you hit a wall turn 45° and continue" would be awesome. I'll be happy to move/edit the question if there is any problem with it

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  • Fast determination of whether objects are onscreen in 2D

    - by Ben Ezard
    So currently, I have this in each object's renderer's update method: float a = transform.position.x * Main.scale; float b = transform.position.y * Main.scale; float c = Camera.main.transform.position.x * Main.scale; float d = Camera.main.transform.position.y * Main.scale; onscreen = a + width - c > 0 && a - c < GameView.width && b + height - d > 0 && b - d < GameView.height; transform.position is a 2D vector containing the game engine's definition of where the object is - this is then multiplied by Main.scale to translate that coordinate into actual screen space Similarly, Camera.main.transform.position is the in-engine representation of where the main camera is, and this is also multiplied by Main.scale The problem is, as my game is tile-based, thousands of these updates get called every frame, just to determine whether or not each object should be drawn - how can I improve this please?

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  • Changing direction after collision

    - by Balint
    In the first tutorial for GameMaker (catch the clown), I want to set the direction of the clown after the collision with the wall. I want to do it by pressing the wall object with the mouse (before the collision, to set the angle parameter). For example by pressing only once the wall object it would change the clown's direction after collision by 45 degrees, twice by 90 degrees, and so on. How can I do that?

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  • Explaining Asteroids Movement code

    - by Moaz ELdeen
    I'm writing an Asteroids Atari clone, and I want to figure out how the AI for the asteroids is done. I have came across that piece of code, but I can't get what it does 100% if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) { m_Pos.x = -app::getWindowWidth() / 2; if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) m_Pos.x = app::getWindowWidth() / 2; m_Pos.y = (int) ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * app::getWindowWidth()); } else { m_Pos.x = (int) ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * app::getWindowWidth()); m_Pos.y = -app::getWindowHeight() / 2; if (rand() < 0.5) m_Pos.y = app::getWindowHeight() / 2; } m_Vel.x = (float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * 2; if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) { m_Vel.x = -m_Vel.x; } m_Vel.y =(float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * 2; if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) m_Vel.y = -m_Vel.y;

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  • Need some help implementing VBO's with Frustum Culling

    - by Isracg
    i'm currently developing my first 3D game for a school project, the game world is completely inspired by minecraft (world completely made out of cubes). I'm currently seeking to improve the performance trying to implement vertex buffer objects but i'm stuck, i already have this methods implemented: Frustum culling, only drawing exposed faces and distance culling but i have the following doubts: I currently have about 2^24 cubes in my world, divided in 1024 chunks of 16*16*64 cubes, right now i'm doing immediate mode rendering, which works well with frustum culling, if i implement one VBO per chunk, do i have to update that VBO each time i move the camera (to update the frustum)? is there a performance hit with this? Can i dynamically change the size of each VBO? of do i have to make each one the biggest possible size (the chunk completely filled with objects)?. Would i have to keep each visited chunk in memory or could i efficiently remove that VBO and recreated it when needed?.

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  • Best way to mask 2D sprites in XNA?

    - by electroflame
    I currently am trying to mask some sprites. Rather than explaining it in words, I've made up some example pictures: The area to mask (in white) Now, the red sprite that needs to be cropped. The final result. Now, I'm aware that in XNA you can do two things to accomplish this: Use the Stencil Buffer. Use a Pixel Shader. I have tried to do a pixel shader, which essentially did this: float4 main(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { float4 tex = tex2D(BaseTexture, texCoord); float4 bitMask = tex2D(MaskTexture, texCoord); if (bitMask.a > 0) { return float4(tex.r, tex.g, tex.b, tex.a); } else { return float4(0, 0, 0, 0); } } This seems to crop the images (albeit, not correct once the image starts to move), but my problem is that the images are constantly moving (they aren't static), so this cropping needs to be dynamic. Is there a way I could alter the shader code to take into account it's position? Alternatively, I've read about using the Stencil Buffer, but most of the samples seem to hinge on using a rendertarget, which I really don't want to do. (I'm already using 3 or 4 for the rest of the game, and adding another one on top of it seems overkill) The only tutorial I've found that doesn't use Rendertargets is one from Shawn Hargreaves' blog over here. The issue with that one, though is that it's for XNA 3.1, and doesn't seem to translate well to XNA 4.0. It seems to me that the pixel shader is the way to go, but I'm unsure of how to get the positioning correct. I believe I would have to change my onscreen coordinates (something like 500, 500) to be between 0 and 1 for the shader coordinates. My only problem is trying to work out how to correctly use the transformed coordinates. Thanks in advance for any help!

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  • What are good JS libraries for game dev? (HTML5)

    - by acidzombie24
    If i decide to write a simple game both text and graphical (2d) what libs may i use? Assuming we are using a HTML5 compatible browser. The main things i can think of Rendering text on screen Animating sprites (using images/css) Input (capturing the arrow keys and getting relative mouse positions) Perhaps some preloading resource or dynamically loading resources and choosing order Sound (but i am unsure how important this will be to me at first). Perhaps with mixing and chaining sounds or looping forever until stop. Networking (low priority) to connect a user to another or to continuously GET data without multiple request (i know this exist but i dont know how easy it is to setup or use. But this isnt important to me. Its for the question).

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  • How do you maintain content size vs. content quality in a mobile application?

    - by PeterK
    I am developing my first Cocos2d iPhone/iPad game that includes quite a few sprites, I would need approximately 80 different. As this is for both normal and HD displays I have 2x of each sprite. I am using TexturePacker to optimize the thing. I would like to ask if there are any rules-of-thumb, tricks, ideas etc. to adjust to in regards to size of content, quality and how you maintain high-quality HD-based graphics due to its size vs. the device memory sizes? Also, is it a good idea to only have one copy of the sprites and scale it using code?

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  • Handling buildings in isometric tile based games

    - by MustSeeMelons
    A simple question, to which i couldn't find a definitive answer - how to manage buildings on a tiled map? Should the building be sliced in to tiles or one big image? EDIT: The game is being built from scratch using C++/SDL 2.0, it will be a turn based strategy, something like Fallout 1 & 2 without the hex grid, a simple square grid, where the Y axis is squished by 50%. Buildings can span multiple tiles, the characters move tile by tile. For now, the terrain is completely flat. Some basic functionality is in place, so I'm aiming to advancing the terrain and levels them selves - adding buildings, gates, cliffs, not sure about the elevation.

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  • (SOLVED) Problems Rendering Text in OpenGL Using FreeType

    - by Sean M.
    I've been following both the FreeType2 tutorial and the WikiBooks tuorial, trying to combine things from them both in order to load and render fonts using the FreeType library. I used the font loading code from the FreeType2 tutorial and tried to implement the rendering code from the wikibooks tutorial (tried being the keyword as I'm still trying to learn model OpenGL, I'm using 3.2). Everything loads correctly and I have the shader program to render the text with working, but I can't get the text to render. I'm 99% sure that it has something to do with how I cam passing data to the shader, or how I set up the screen. These are the code segments that handle OpenGL initialization, as well as Font initialization and rendering: //Init glfw if (!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "GLFW Initialization has failed!\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLFW Initialized.\n"); //Process the command line arguments processCmdArgs(argc, argv); //Create the window glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, g_aaSamples); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 2); g_mainWindow = glfwCreateWindow(g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, "Voxel Shipyard", g_fullScreen ? glfwGetPrimaryMonitor() : nullptr, nullptr); if (!g_mainWindow) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create GLFW window!\n"); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwMakeContextCurrent(g_mainWindow); printf("Window and OpenGL rendering context created.\n"); glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); //Are these necessary for Modern OpenGL (3.0+)? glViewport(0, 0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight); glOrtho(0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, 0, -1, 1); //Init glew int err = glewInit(); if (err != GLEW_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "GLEW initialization failed!\n"); fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", glewGetErrorString(err)); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLEW initialized.\n"); Here is the font file (it's slightly too big to post): CFont.h/CFont.cpp Here is the solution zipped up: [solution] (https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/36062916/VoxelShipyard.zip), if anyone feels they need the entire solution. If anyone could take a look at the code, it would be greatly appreciated. Also if someone has a tutorial that is a little more user friendly, that would also be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • How to shade a texture two different colors?

    - by Venesectrix
    To give an example of what I'm asking about, I'll use Saints Row 3 since I've been playing that lately. In that game you can customize your looks and your car's appearance a lot. Your coat can have a primary color and a trim color. Your car can have a primary color and a stripe color, etc. Is there just a single coat texture that is being shaded two different colors somehow or are they overlaying a transparent second texture for the trim/stripes that gets shaded differently? If it's just one texture I'd like to know how it's done. If it's two different textures it seems like it's a waste of space. The second texture would be the same size as the first one but mostly transparent if you just wanted to lay it on top of the first one. Or are they just carefully positioning a second, smaller texture so that it aligns properly with the first one?

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  • GestureListener's fling method doesn't get called

    - by nosferat
    I'm using SimpleGestureDetector from the libgdx-users Wiki as my InputProcessor. I set it in the created() method: Gdx.input.setInputProcess(new SimpleDirectionGestureDetector(charController)); charController is my class which implements the DirectionListener interface defined in the SimpleDirectionGestureDetector class and it is responsible for moving the player character. However the character doesn't change direction when I'm performing a fling action in any direction. I've checked and the fling() method in the SimpleDirectionGesture class doesn't get called and I have no idea why, since everything seems good. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Correct way to use Farseer Physics in XNA

    - by user1640602
    I am using Farseer Physics for my 2D sidescroller game and I'm not sure how to proceed with it. I currently have a Sprite class (handles nothing but graphics), a GameObject class (contains specific object info like hit points), a World object which contains the list of Bodies, and a Level object which contains all of these objects. Originally I was trying to keep track of the Sprites, GameObjects, and Bodies separately because I felt that would provide loose coupling but it quickly became a headache. So my new idea was to add a Sprite member to the GameObject class but I'm still not sure how to maintain the Bodies because they have to communicate with GameObject. Specifically, my issue is this: The position of the Body is used to draw the Sprite inside of the Level. In order to do that I would have to maintain a link between GameObjects and Bodies. Is this correct or is there a better way to architect my game? If any of this is unclear please ask and I'll try to clarify. Thank you in advance for any help.

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  • Very slow direct3D texture sampling

    - by __dominic
    Hi, So I'm writing a small game using Direct3D 9 and I'm using multitexturing for the terrain. All I'm doing is sampling 3 textures and a blend map and getting the overall color from the three textures based on the color channels from the blend map. Anyway, I am getting a massive frame rate drop when I sample more than 1 texture, I'm going from 120+ fps to just under 50. This is the HLSL code responsible for the slow down: float3 ground = tex2D(GroundTex, multiTex).rgb; float3 stone = tex2D(StoneTex, multiTex).rgb; float3 grass = tex2D(GrassTex, multiTex).rgb; float3 blend = tex2D(BlendMapTex, blendMap).rgb; Am I doing it wrong ? If anyone has any info or tips about texture sampling or anything, that would be nice. Thanks.

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  • XNA Drag Gestures - fractional delta values

    - by Den
    I have an issue with objects moving roughly twice as far as expected when dragging them. I am comparing my application to the standard TouchGestureSample sample from MSDN. For some reason in my application gesture samples have fractional positions and deltas. Both are using same Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch.dll, v4.0.30319. I am running both apps using standard Windows Phone Emulator. I am setting my break point immediately after this line of code in a simple Update method: GestureSample gesture = TouchPanel.ReadGesture(); Typical values in my app: Delta = {X:-13.56522 Y:4.166667} Position = {X:184.6956 Y:417.7083} Typical values in sample app: Delta = {X:7 Y:16} Position = {X:497 Y:244} Have anyone seen this issue? Does anyone have any suggestions? Thank you.

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  • Putting Together a Game Design Team?

    - by Kaia
    I'm attempting to put together a game design team that is willing to help me design/program, test, and somewhat produce the game we make to the public. I need anyone who knows anything about programming/coding, designing, etc. Once we get it up and running and out into the world (over dramatic maybe? haha) I have ideas of generating a profit from it so there is a possibility of payment. My thinking on it (so far) is this: 2D (possibly. I haven't decided if I want it 2D or 3D. It really depends on what is easier) 3rd person. Adventure (I want there to be a point to it, but like a point with no real end) I want there to be a story to it. If you've ever played Dofus, think like that. There is a story to the game, but no real end. I want (if possible) to include mini-games. These could end up becoming a possible way for a player to aquire in-game money, quest items, etc. If anyone is interested in helping me create the story line/script (which we will finsih first, before creating the game) please contact me. I want to get this completed as soon as possible.

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  • Scan-Line Z-Buffering Dilemma

    - by Belgin
    I have a set of vertices in 3D space, and for each I retain the following information: Its 3D coordinates (x, y, z). A list of pointers to some of the other vertices with which it's connected by edges. Right now, I'm doing perspective projection with the projecting plane being XY and the eye placed somewhere at (0, 0, d), with d < 0. By doing Z-Buffering, I need to find the depth of the point of a polygon (they're all planar) which corresponds to a certain pixel on the screen so I can hide the surfaces that are not visible. My questions are the following: How do I determine to which polygon does a pixel belong to so I could use the formula of the plane which contains the polygon to find the Z-coordinate? Are my data structures correct? Do I need to store something else entirely in order for this to work? I'm just projecting the vertices onto the projection plane and joining them with lines based on the pointer lists.

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  • most efficient AABB vs Ray collision algorithms

    - by Asher Einhorn
    Is there a known 'most efficient' algorithm for AABB vs Ray collision detection? I recently stumbled accross Arvo's AABB vs Sphere collision algorithm, and I am wondering if there is a similarly noteworthy algorithm for this. One must have condition for this algorithm is that I need to have the option of querying the result for the distance from the ray's origin to the point of collision. having said this, if there is another, faster algorithm which does not return distance, then in addition to posting one that does, also posting that algorithm would be very helpful indeed. Please also state what the function's return argument is, and how you use it to return distance or a 'no-collision' case. For example, does it have an out parameter for the distance as well as a bool return value? or does it simply return a float with the distance, vs a value of -1 for no collision? (For those that don't know: AABB = Axis Aligned Bounding Box)

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  • HLSL What you get when you subtract world position from InvertViewProjection.Transform?

    - by cubrman
    In one of NVIDIA's Vertex shaders (the metal one) I found the following code: // transform object normals, tangents, & binormals to world-space: float4x4 WorldITXf : WorldInverseTranspose < string UIWidget="None"; >; // provide tranform from "view" or "eye" coords back to world-space: float4x4 ViewIXf : ViewInverse < string UIWidget="None"; >; ... float4 Po = float4(IN.Position.xyz,1); // homogeneous location coordinates float4 Pw = mul(Po,WorldXf); // convert to "world" space OUT.WorldView = normalize(ViewIXf[3].xyz - Pw.xyz); The term OUT.WorldView is subsequently used in a Pixel Shader to compute lighting: float3 Ln = normalize(IN.LightVec.xyz); float3 Nn = normalize(IN.WorldNormal); float3 Vn = normalize(IN.WorldView); float3 Hn = normalize(Vn + Ln); float4 litV = lit(dot(Ln,Nn),dot(Hn,Nn),SpecExpon); DiffuseContrib = litV.y * Kd * LightColor + AmbiColor; SpecularContrib = litV.z * LightColor; Can anyone tell me what exactly is WorldView here? And why do they add it to the normal?

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  • A* how make natural look path?

    - by user11177
    I've been reading this: http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/Heuristics.html But there are some things I don't understand, for example the article says to use something like this for pathfinding with diagonal movement: function heuristic(node) = dx = abs(node.x - goal.x) dy = abs(node.y - goal.y) return D * max(dx, dy) I don't know how do set D to get a natural looking path like in the article, I set D to the lowest cost between adjacent squares like it said, and I don't know what they meant by the stuff about the heuristic should be 4*D, that does not seem to change any thing. This is my heuristic function and move function: def heuristic(self, node, goal): D = 10 dx = abs(node.x - goal.x) dy = abs(node.y - goal.y) return D * max(dx, dy) def move_cost(self, current, node): cross = abs(current.x - node.x) == 1 and abs(current.y - node.y) == 1 return 19 if cross else 10 Result: The smooth sailing path we want to happen: The rest of my code: http://pastebin.com/TL2cEkeX

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  • Rendering Texture Quad to Screen or FBO (OpenGL ES)

    - by Usman.3D
    I need to render the texture on the iOS device's screen or a render-to-texture frame buffer object. But it does not show any texture. It's all black. (I am loading texture with image myself for testing purpose) //Load texture data UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"textureImage.png"]; GLuint width = FRAME_WIDTH; GLuint height = FRAME_HEIGHT; //Create context void *imageData = malloc(height * width * 4); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(imageData, width, height, 8, 4 * width, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace); //Prepare image CGContextClearRect(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height)); CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height), image.CGImage); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, imageData); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); Simple Texture Quad drawing code mentioned here //Bind Texture, Bind render-to-texture FBO and then draw the quad const float quadPositions[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0 }; const float quadTexcoords[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 }; // stop using VBO glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // setup buffer offsets glVertexAttribPointer(ATTRIB_VERTEX, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3*sizeof(float), quadPositions); glVertexAttribPointer(ATTRIB_TEXCOORD0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2*sizeof(float), quadTexcoords); // ensure the proper arrays are enabled glEnableVertexAttribArray(ATTRIB_VERTEX); glEnableVertexAttribArray(ATTRIB_TEXCOORD0); //Bind Texture and render-to-texture FBO. glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLid); //Actually wanted to render it to render-to-texture FBO, but now testing directly on default FBO. //glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, textureFBO[pixelBuffernum]); // draw glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 2*3); What am I doing wrong in this code? P.S. I'm not familiar with shaders yet, so it is difficult for me to make use of them right now.

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