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  • Can this way of storing typed objects be improved?

    - by Pindatjuh
    This is an "can it be improved"-question. Topic: Storing typed objects in memory. Background information: I'm building a compiler for the x86-32 Windows platform for my language. My goal includes typed objects. Idea: Every primitive is a semi-class (it can be used as if it was a normal class, but it's stored more compact). Every class is represented by primitives and some meta-data (containing class-properties, inheritance stuff, etc.). The meta-data is complex: it doesn't use fields but instead context-switches. For primitives, the meta-data is very small, compared to a "real" class, which is alot bigger. This enables another idea that "primitives are objects", in my language, which I found nessecairy. Example: If I have an array of 32 booleans, then the pure content of this array is exactly 4 byte (32 bits of booleans). The meta-data will contain flags that the type is an array of booleans, which contains 32 entries. The meta-data is very compacted, on bit-level: using a sort of "packing" mechanism, which is read by a FSM at runtime, when doing inspection of the type (like when passing the object to methods for checking, etc.) For instance (read from left to right, top to bottom, remember vertical position when going to the right, and check nearest column header for meaning of switch): Primitive? Array? Type-Meta 1 Byte? || Size (1 byte) 1 1 [...] 1 [...] done 0 2 Bytes? || Size (2 bytes) 1 [...] done || Size (4 bytes) 0 [...] done Integer? 1 Byte? 2 Bytes? 0 1 0 1 done 1 done 0 done Boolean? Byte? 0 1 0 done 1 done More-Primitives 0 .... Class-Stuff (Huge) 0 ... (After reaching done the data is inserted. || = byte alignment. [...] is variable sized. ... is not described here, for simplicity. And let's call them cost-based-data-structures.) For an array of 32 booleans containing all true values, the memory for this type would be (read top-down): 1 Primitive 1 Array 1 ArrayType: Primitive 0 Not-Array 0 Not-Integer 1 Boolean 0 Not-Byte (thus bit) 1 Integer Size: 1 Byte 00100000 Array size 01010101 01010101 01010101 01010101 Data (user defined) Thus, 8 bytes represent 32 booleans in an array: 11100101 00100000 01010101 01010101 01010101 01010101 How can I improve this? (Both performance- and memory-consumption wise)

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  • Help with Python structure in *nixes.

    - by user198553
    I came from a Windows background whern it comes to development environments. I'm used to run .exe's from everything I need to run and just forget. I usually code in php, javascript, css, html and python. Now, I have to use Linux at my work, in a non changeable Ubuntu 8.04, with permissions to upgrade my system using company's repositories only. I need to install Python 2.4.3 to start coding in an old legacy system. I had Python 2.5. I downloaded Python 2.4.3 tarballs, ran ./configure make and such. Everything worked out, but now the "default" installation is my system is Python2.4 instead of of Python2.5. I want help from you to change it back, and if possible, some material to read about symlinks, multiple Python installations, virtualenvs and such: everything I need to know before installing/upgrading Python modules. I installed for example the ElementTree package and don't even know in which Python installation it was installed. Thanks in advance!

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  • Traversing through an arbitrary dictionary tree structure in C#

    - by Rudism
    I am trying to write a recursive C# function that will operate on generic dictionaries of the form IDictionary<string, T> where T is either another IDictionary<string, T> or a string. My first failed attempt looked something like this: public string HandleDict(IDictionary<string, string> dict){ // handle the leaf-node here } public string HandleDict<T>(IDictionary<string, IDictionary<string, T>> dict){ // loop through children foreach(string key in dict.Keys){ HandleDict(dict[key]); } } I also tried variants of HandleDict<T>(IDictionary<string, T>) where T : IDictionary<string, T> but that also doesn't quite work. I know that what I want to do could be achieved through a custom class as the parameter instead of dictionaries, and that my attempts are conceptually flawed (there's no end to the recursion in the generic function). I would still like to know if there is actually a way to do what I want here using just generic IDictionaries.

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  • I need data structure for effective handling with dates

    - by ante.sabo
    What I need is something like Hashtable which I will fill with prices that were actual at desired days. For example: I will put two prices: January 1st: 100USD, March 5th: 89USD. If I search my hashtable for price: hashtable.get(February 14th) I need it to give me back actual price which was entered at Jan. 1st because this is the last actual price. Normal hashtable implementation won't give me back anything, since there is nothing put on that dat. I need to see if there is such implementation which can find quickly object based on range of dates.

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  • How to implement rank structure

    - by Luke101
    What is the best way to implement a rank system: here is the code i will use public class MyRank { private int LevelOneMaxPoints = 100; private int LevelTwoMinPoints = 200; private int LevelTwoMaxPoints = 299; private int LevelThreeMinPoints = 300; private int LevelThreeMaxPoints = 399; private int LevelFourMinPoints = 400; private int LevelFourMaxPoints = 599; private int LevelFourPlusMinPoints = 600; private int LevelFourPlusMaxPoints = 999; private int LevelFiveMinPoints = 1000; private int LevelFiveMaxPoints = 1299; private int LevelSixMinPoints = 1300; private int LevelSixMaxPoints = 2699; private int LevelSevenMinPoints = 2700; private int LevelSevenMaxPoints = 3999; private int LevelEightMinPoints = 4000; private int LevelEightMaxPoints = 5499; private int LevelEightPlusMinPoints = 5500; private int LevelEightPlusMaxPoints = 7499; private int LevelNineMinPoints = 7500; private int LevelNineMaxPoints = 9999; private int LevelTenMinPoints = 10000; private string LevelOneName = "Private"; private string LevelTwoName = "PV2"; private string LevelThreeName = "Private Fist Class"; private string LevelFourName = "Specialist"; private string LevelFourPlusName = "Corporal"; private string LevelFiveName = "Sergeant"; //private string LevelSixName = "Staff Sergeant"; private string LevelSevenName = "Sergeant First Class"; private string LevelEightName = "Master Sergeant"; private string LevelEightPlusName = "First Sergeant"; private string LevelNineName = "Sergeant Major"; //private string LevelTenName = "Sergeant Major of the Answers"; private int points = 0; public string RankName { get; private set; } public MyRank(int points) { this.points = points; RankName = GetRankName(); } private string GetRankName() { if (points >= Int32.MinValue && points <= LevelOneMaxPoints) return LevelOneName; else if (points >= LevelTwoMinPoints && points <= LevelTwoMaxPoints) return LevelTwoName; else if (points >= LevelThreeMinPoints && points <= LevelThreeMaxPoints) return LevelThreeName; else if (points >= LevelFourMinPoints && points <= LevelFourMaxPoints) return LevelFourName; else if (points >= LevelFourPlusMinPoints && points <= LevelFourPlusMaxPoints) return LevelFourPlusName; else if (points >= LevelFiveMinPoints && points <= LevelFiveMaxPoints) return LevelFiveName; else if (points >= LevelSixMinPoints && points <= LevelSixMaxPoints) return LevelFiveName; else if (points >= LevelSevenMinPoints && points <= LevelSevenMaxPoints) return LevelSevenName; else if (points >= LevelEightMinPoints && points <= LevelEightMaxPoints) return LevelEightName; else if (points >= LevelEightPlusMinPoints && points <= LevelEightPlusMaxPoints) return LevelEightPlusName; else if (points >= LevelNineMinPoints && points <= LevelNineMaxPoints) return LevelNineName; else if (points >= LevelNineMinPoints && points <= LevelNineMaxPoints) return LevelNineName; else if (points >= LevelTenMinPoints) return LevelFourName; else return "No Rank"; } } Do you think this is the most efficient way to do this?

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  • Queue Data structure app crash with front() method

    - by Programer
    I am implementing queue data strcutre but my app gets crashed, I know I am doing something wrong with Node pointer front or front() method of queue class #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Node { public: int get() { return object; }; void set(int object) { this->object = object; }; Node * getNext() { return nextNode; }; void setNext(Node * nextNode) { this->nextNode = nextNode; }; private: int object; Node * nextNode; }; class queue{ private: Node *rear; Node *front; public: int dequeue() { int x = front->get(); Node* p = front; front = front->getNext(); delete p; return x; } void enqueue(int x) { Node* newNode = new Node(); newNode->set(x); newNode->setNext(NULL); rear->setNext(newNode); rear = newNode; } int Front() { return front->get(); } int isEmpty() { return ( front == NULL ); } }; main() { queue q; q.enqueue(2); cout<<q.Front(); system("pause"); }

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  • Best practice to structure large html-based project

    - by AntonAL
    I develop Rails based website, enjoying using partials for some common "components" Recently, i faced a problem, that states with CSS interference. Styles for one component (described in css) override styles for another components. For example, one component has ... <ul class="items"> ... and another component has it too. But that ul's has different meaning in these two components. On the other hand, i want to "inherit" some styles for one component from another. For example: Let, we have one component, called "post" <div class="post"> <!-- post's stuff --> <ul class="items"> ... </ul> </div And another component, called "new-post": <div class="new-post"> <!-- post's stuff --> <ul class="items"> ... </ul> <!-- new-post's stuff --> <div class="tools">...</div> </div Post and new-post have something similar ("post's stuff") and i want to make CSS rules to handle both "post" and "new-post" New post has "subcomponents", for example - editing tools, that has also: <ul class="items"> This is where CSS rules starting to interfer - some rules, targeted for ul.items (in post and new-post) applies subcomponent of new-post, called "tools" On the one hand - i want to inherit some styles On the other hand, i want to get better incapsulation What are the best practices, to avoid such kind of problems ?

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  • [Ruby on Rails] Data Structure

    - by siulamvictor
    I am building a online form, with about 20 multiple choice checkboxes. I can get the nested data with this command. raise params.to_yaml I need to store these data and call them again later. I want to sort out which user chose which specific checkbox, i.e. who chose checkbox no.2? What's the best way to store these data in database?

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  • BitBucket Wiki: Create a heirarchy structure?

    - by Rosarch
    I want to create a hierarchy in my wiki like so: General FooPages Foo1 Foo2 Foo3 ODP Bar Baz I would like to create these pages, and use <<toc>> table of contents macros to organize them. How can I do that? Do I need to clone and edit the wiki on my own machine, or can I do that exclusively through the web interface?

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  • class vs structure c#

    - by Enriquev
    I'm doing course 3354 (Implementing System Types and Interfaces in the .NET Framework 2.0) and it is said that for simple classes, with members variables and functions, it is better to use a struct than a class because of overhead. I have never heard of such a thing, what is the validity of this claim?

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  • array of structures, or structure of arrays?

    - by Jason S
    Hmmm. I have a table which is an array of structures I need to store in Java. The naive don't-worry-about-memory approach says do this: public class Record { final private int field1; final private int field2; final private long field3; /* constructor & accessors here */ } List<Record> records = new ArrayList<Record>(); If I end up using a large number ( 106 ) of records, where individual records are accessed occasionally, one at a time, how would I figure out how the preceding approach (an ArrayList) would compare with an optimized approach for storage costs: public class OptimizedRecordStore { final private int[] field1; final private int[] field2; final private long[] field3; Record getRecord(int i) { return new Record(field1[i],field2[i],field3[i]); } /* constructor and other accessors & methods */ } edit: assume the # of records is something that is changed infrequently or never I'm probably not going to use the OptimizedRecordStore approach, but I want to understand the storage cost issue so I can make that decision with confidence. obviously if I add/change the # of records in the OptimizedRecordStore approach above, I either have to replace the whole object with a new one, or remove the "final" keyword. kd304 brings up a good point that was in the back of my mind. In other situations similar to this, I need column access on the records, e.g. if field1 and field2 are "time" and "position", and it's important for me to get those values as an array for use with MATLAB, so I can graph/analyze them efficiently.

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  • passing structure directly to function

    - by ra170
    I have a struct that I initialize like this: typedef struct { word w; long v; } MyStruct; MyStruct sx = {0,0}; Update(sx); Now, it seems such a waste to first declare it and then to pass it. I know that in C#, there's a way to do everything in one line. Is there any possiblity of passing it in a more clever (read: cleaner) way to my update function?

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  • Revisions: algorithm and data structure

    - by SODA
    Hi, I need ideas for structuring and processing data with revisions. For example, I have a database of objects (e.g. cars). Each object has a number of properties, which can be arbitrary, so there's no a set schema to describe these objects. These objects are probably saved as key-value pairs. Now I need to change property of an object. I don't want to completely rewrite it - I want to be able to go back and see history of changes to these properties, that's why I want to add new property and keep the old one (so I guess a timestamp would do the job of telling which property is the latest). At the same time I want to be able to get info about any object in a snap, with only latest versions of each of the properties. Any ideas what would be the best approach? At least please point me in the right direction. Thanks!

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  • error: invalid type argument of '->' (have 'struct node')

    - by Roshan S.A
    Why cant i access the pointer "Cells" like an array ? i have allocated the appropriate memory why wont it act like an array here? it works like an array for a pointer of basic data types. #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> #define MAX 10 struct node { int e; struct node *next; }; typedef struct node *List; typedef struct node *Position; struct Hashtable { int Tablesize; List Cells; }; typedef struct Hashtable *HashT; HashT Initialize(int SIZE,HashT H) { int i; H=(HashT)malloc(sizeof(struct Hashtable)); if(H!=NULL) { H->Tablesize=SIZE; printf("\n\t%d",H->Tablesize); H->Cells=(List)malloc(sizeof(struct node)* H->Tablesize); should it not act like an array from here on? if(H->Cells!=NULL) { for(i=0;i<H->Tablesize;i++) the following lines are the ones that throw the error { H->Cells[i]->next=NULL; H->Cells[i]->e=i; printf("\n %d",H->Cells[i]->e); } } } else printf("\nError!Out of Space"); } int main() { HashT H; H=Initialize(10,H); return 0; } The error I get is as in the title-error: invalid type argument of '->' (have 'struct node').

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  • Which data structure for List of objects + datagrid wiev

    - by Martin
    Hi, I have to develop a code which will store a list of objects, as example below 101, value 11, value 12, value 13 ...etc 102, value 21, value 22, value 23 ...etc 103, value 31, value 32, value 33 ...etc 104, value 41, value 42, value 43 ...etc Now, the difficulty is, that first column is an identifier, and whole table should always be sorted by it. Easy access to each element is required. Additionally, list should be easily updated, and extended by adding element at the end as well as in front and still keep being sorted by first column. Finally, I would like to be able to display values of the above in datagridview. What is most important is a performance of the implementation, as rows will be updated many times per second, and datagridview should be able to display all changes immediately. I was thinking about creating class for the values, and then a Dictionary but encountered a problem with displaying values in gridview. What would be the most optimal way of implementing the code? Thanks in advance Martin

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  • bubble sort on array of c structures not sorting properly

    - by xmpirate
    I have the following program for books record and I want to sort the records on name of book. the code isn't showing any error but it's not sorting all the records. #include "stdio.h" #include "string.h" #define SIZE 5 struct books{ //define struct char name[100],author[100]; int year,copies; }; struct books book1[SIZE],book2[SIZE],*pointer; //define struct vars void sort(struct books *,int); //define sort func main() { int i; char c; for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++) //scanning values { gets(book1[i].name); gets(book1[i].author); scanf("%d%d",&book1[i].year,&book1[i].copies); while((c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF); } pointer=book1; sort(pointer,SIZE); //sort call i=0; //printing values while(i<SIZE) { printf("##########################################################################\n"); printf("Book: %s\nAuthor: %s\nYear of Publication: %d\nNo of Copies: %d\n",book1[i].name,book1[i].author,book1[i].year,book1[i].copies); printf("##########################################################################\n"); i++; } } void sort(struct books *pointer,int n) { int i,j,sorted=0; struct books temp; for(i=0;(i<n-1)&&(sorted==0);i++) //bubble sort on the book name { sorted=1; for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++) { if(strcmp((*pointer).name,(*(pointer+1)).name)>0) { //copy to temp val strcpy(temp.name,(*pointer).name); strcpy(temp.author,(*pointer).author); temp.year=(*pointer).year; temp.copies=(*pointer).copies; //copy next val strcpy((*pointer).name,(*(pointer+1)).name); strcpy((*pointer).author,(*(pointer+1)).author); (*pointer).year=(*(pointer+1)).year; (*pointer).copies=(*(pointer+1)).copies; //copy back temp val strcpy((*(pointer+1)).name,temp.name); strcpy((*(pointer+1)).author,temp.author); (*(pointer+1)).year=temp.year; (*(pointer+1)).copies=temp.copies; sorted=0; } *pointer++; } } } My Imput The C Programming Language X Y Z 1934 56 Inferno Dan Brown 1993 453 harry Potter and the soccers stone J K Rowling 2012 150 Ruby On Rails jim aurther nil 2004 130 Learn Python Easy Way gmaps4rails 1967 100 And the output ########################################################################## Book: Inferno Author: Dan Brown Year of Publication: 1993 No of Copies: 453 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: The C Programming Language Author: X Y Z Year of Publication: 1934 No of Copies: 56 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Ruby On Rails Author: jim aurther nil Year of Publication: 2004 No of Copies: 130 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Learn Python Easy Way Author: gmaps4rails Year of Publication: 1967 No of Copies: 100 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Author: Year of Publication: 0 No of Copies: 0 ########################################################################## We can see the above sorting is wrong? What I'm I doing wrong?

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  • java: copy-on-write data structure?

    - by Jason S
    Is there anything in Java that implements something like the following interface MSet<T> extends Iterable<T> { /** * return a new set which consists of this set plus a new element. * This set is not changed. */ MSet<T> add(T t); /** * return a new set which consists of this set minus a designated element. * This set is not changed. */ MSet<T> remove(T t); }

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  • Refactoring tools for namespaces and physical project structure

    - by simendsjo
    When I hack around, some code tend to get much bigger than originally planned. As this happens I usually introduce/collapse/merge namespaces, move files between them, move folders etc etc. Sometimes, if I don't have a clear picture of the end result, this is a real pain and really easy to just "skip". This leads the project deteriorate where classes belong elsewhere, strange namespaces, no folders/wrong folders etc. And then I usually cannot take it anymore and do a larger cleanup - which is usually not difficult, just very tedious and it feels nice to do everything at once, so I do a code freeze while finishing up. So my question is... Are there any tools to help refactoring the namespace/physical aspects of a project?

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  • CakePHP: Interaction between different files/classes

    - by Alexx Hardt
    Hey, I'm cloning a commercial student management system. Students use the frontend to apply for lectures, uni staff can modify events (time, room, etc). The core of the app will be the algortihm which distributes the seats to students. I already asked about it here: How to implement a seat distribution algorithm for uni lectures Now, I found a class for that algorithm here: http://www.phpclasses.org/browse/file/10779.html I put the 'class GA' into app/vendors. I need to write a 'class Solution', which represents one object (a child, and later a parent for the evolutionary process). I'll also have to write functions mutate(), crossover() and fitness(). fitness calculates a score of a solution, based on if there are overbooked courses etc; crossover() is the crazy monkey sex function which produces a child from two parents, and mutate() modifies a child after crossover. Now, the fitness()-function needs to access a few related models, and their find()-functions. It evaluates a solution's fitness by checking e.g. if there are overbooked courses, or unfulfilled wishes, and penalizes that. Where would I put the ga.php, solution.php and the three functions? ga.php has to access the functions, but the functions have to access the models. I also don't want to call any App::import()'s from within the fitness()-function, because it gets called many thousand times when the algorithm runs. Hope someone can help me. Thanks in advance =)

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  • Django sub-applications & module structure

    - by Rob Golding
    I am developing a Django application, which is a large system that requires multiple sub-applications to keep things neat. Therefore, I have a top level directory that is a Django app (as it has an empty models.py file), and multiple subdirectories, which are also applications in themselves. The reason I have laid my application out in this way is because the sub-applications are separated, but they would never be used on their own, outside the parent application. It therefore makes no sense to distribute them separately. When installing my application, the settings file has to include something like this: INSTALLED_APPS = ( ... 'myapp', 'myapp.subapp1', 'myapp.subapp2', ... ) ...which is obviously suboptimal. This also has the slightly nasty result of requiring that all the sub-applications are referred to by their "inner" name (i.e. subapp1, subapp2 etc.). For example, if I want to reset the database tables for subapp1, I have to type: python manage.py reset subapp1 This is annoying, especially because I have a sub-app called core - which is likely to conflict with another application's name when my application is installed in a user's project. Am I doing this completely wrongly, or is there away to force these "inner" apps to be referred to by their full name?

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  • Actionscript package naming and directory structure

    - by danwoods
    Hello all, I've got some actionscript which begins with: package obfus_plugin{ import org.flowplayer.model.Plugin; import org.flowplayer.util.Arrange; import org.flowplayer.model.PluginModel; import org.flowplayer.view.Flowplayer; and when I try to publish, I get the error: 5001: The name of package 'obfus_plugin' does not reflect the location of this file. Please change the package definition's name inside this file, or move the file. C:\Documents and Settings\***\My Documents\My Dropbox\Public\obfus_plugin\obfus_plugin.as In my classpaths I have: C:\Documents and Settings\***\My Documents\My Dropbox\Public What am I doing wrong?

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  • Reading a C/C++ data structure in C# from a byte array

    - by Chris Miller
    What would be the best way to fill a C# struct from a byte[] array where the data was from a C/C++ struct? The C struct would look something like this (my C is very rusty): typedef OldStuff { CHAR Name[8]; UInt32 User; CHAR Location[8]; UInt32 TimeStamp; UInt32 Sequence; CHAR Tracking[16]; CHAR Filler[12];} And would fill something like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 56, Pack = 1)]public struct NewStuff{ [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)] [FieldOffset(0)] public string Name; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(8)] public uint User; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)] [FieldOffset(12)] public string Location; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(20)] public uint TimeStamp; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(24)] public uint Sequence; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 16)] [FieldOffset(28)] public string Tracking;} What is best way to copy OldStuff to NewStuff, if OldStuff was passed as byte[] array? I'm currently doing something like the following, but it feels kind of clunky. GCHandle handle;NewStuff MyStuff;int BufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NewStuff));byte[] buff = new byte[BufferSize];Array.Copy(SomeByteArray, 0, buff, 0, BufferSize);handle = GCHandle.Alloc(buff, GCHandleType.Pinned);MyStuff = (NewStuff)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(NewStuff));handle.Free(); Is there better way to accomplish this?

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