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  • Access static method from non static class possible in java and not in c#

    - by sagar_kool
    Access static method from non static class with object. It is not possible in C#. Where it is done by JAVA. How it works? example of java /** * Access static member of the class through object. */ import java.io.*; class StaticMemberClass { // Declare a static method. public static void staticDisplay() { System.out.println("This is static method."); } // Declare a non static method. public void nonStaticDisplay() { System.out.println("This is non static method."); } } class StaticAccessByObject { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // call a static member only by class name. StaticMemberClass.staticDisplay(); // Create object of StaticMemberClass class. StaticMemberClass obj = new StaticMemberClass(); // call a static member only by object. obj.staticDisplay(); // accessing non static method through object. obj.nonStaticDisplay(); } } Output of the program: This is static method. This is static method. This is non static method. How to do this in C#? thanks in advance..

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  • Why does void in C mean not void?

    - by Naftuli Tzvi Kay
    In strongly-typed languages like Java and C#, void (or Void) as a return type for a method seem to mean: This method doesn't return anything. Nothing. No return. You will not receive anything from this method. What's really strange is that in C, void as a return type or even as a method parameter type means: It could really be anything. You'd have to read the source code to find out. Good luck. If it's a pointer, you should really know what you're doing. Consider the following examples in C: void describe(void *thing) { Object *obj = thing; printf("%s.\n", obj->description); } void *move(void *location, Direction direction) { void *next = NULL; // logic! return next; } Obviously, the second method returns a pointer, which by definition could be anything. Since C is older than Java and C#, why did these languages adopt void as meaning "nothing" while C used it as "nothing or anything (when a pointer)"?

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  • Static and Non Static Method Intercall in Java

    - by Vishal
    I am clearing my concepts on Java. My knowledge about Java is on far begineer side, so kindly bear with me. I am trying to understand static method and non static method intercalls. I know -- Static method can call another static method simply by its name within same class. Static method can call another non staic method of same class only after creating instance of the class. Non static method can call another static method of same class simply by way of classname.methodname - No sure if this correct ? My Question is about non static method call to another non staic method of same class. In class declaration, when we declare all methods, can we call another non static method of same class from a non static class ? Please explain with example. Thank you.

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  • Closest Ruby representation of a 'private static final' and 'public static final' class variable in

    - by Hosh
    Given the Java code below, what's the closest you could represent these two static final variables in a Ruby class? And, is it possible in Ruby to distinguish between private static and public static variables as there is in Java? public class DeviceController { ... private static final Device myPrivateDevice = Device.getDevice("mydevice"); public static final Device myPublicDevice = Device.getDevice("mydevice"); ... public static void main(String args[]) { ... } }

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  • Java: static-non-static-this problem

    - by HH
    $ javac TestFilter.java TestFilter.java:19: non-static variable this cannot be referenced from a static context for(File f : file.listFiles(this.filterFiles)){ ^ 1 error $ sed -i 's@this@TestFilter@g' TestFilter.java $ javac TestFilter.java $ java TestFilter file1 file2 file3 TestFilter.java import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class TestFilter { private static final FileFilter filterFiles; // STATIC! static{ filterFiles = new FileFilter() { // Not Static below. When static, an error: // "accept(java.io.File) in cannot implement // accept(java.io.File) in java.io.FileFilter; // overriding method is static" // // I tried to solve by the change the problem at the bottom. public boolean accept(File file) { return file.isFile(); } }; } // STATIC! public static void main(String[] args){ HashSet<File> files = new HashSet<File>(); File file = new File("."); // IT DID NOT WORK WITH "This" but with "TestFilter". // Why do I get the error with "This" but not with "TestFilter"? for(File f : file.listFiles(TestFilter.filterFiles)){ System.out.println(f.getName()); files.add(f); } } }

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  • trouble accessing non-static functions from static functions in AS3

    - by Dogmatixed
    I have a class containing, among other things, a drop down menu. With the aim of saving space, and since the contents of the menu will never change, I've made a static DataProvider for the whole class that populates each instances menu. I was hoping to populate the list with actual functions like so: tmpArr.push({label:"Details...", funct:openDetailsMenu, args:""}); and then assign tmpArr to the DataProvider. Because the DataProvider is static the function that contains that code also needs to be static, but the functions in the array are non-static. At first it didn't seem like a problem, because when the user clicks on a menu item the drop down menu can call a non-static "executeFunction(funct, args)" on its parent. However, when I try to compile, the static function setting up the DataProvider it can't find the non-static functions being passed. If the compiler would just trust me the code would work fine! The simple solution is to just pass strings and use a switch statement to call functions based on that, but that's big, ugly, inelegant, and difficult to maintain, especially if something inherits from this class. The simpler solution is to just make the DataProvider non-static, but I'm wondering if anyone else has a good way of dealing with this? Making the static function able to see its non-static brethren? Thanks.

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  • Static class vs Singleton class in C# [closed]

    - by Floradu88
    Possible Duplicate: What is the difference between all-static-methods and applying a singleton pattern? I need to make a decision for a project I'm working of whether to use static or singleton. After reading an article like this I am inclined to use singleton. What is better to use static class or singleton? Edit 1 : Client Server Desktop Application. Please provide code oriented solutions.

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  • How to implement an interface member that returns void in F#

    - by Drew Noakes
    Imagine the following interface in C#: interface IFoo { void Bar(); } How can I implement this in F#? All the examples I've found during 30 minutes of searching online show only examples that have return types which I suppose is more common in a functional style, but something I can't avoid in this instance. Here's what I have so far: type Bar() = interface IFoo with member this.Bar = void Fails with FS0010: Unexpected keyword 'void' in expression.

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  • C++: Retriving values of static const variables at a constructor of a static variable

    - by gilbertc
    I understand that the code below would result segmentation fault because at the cstr of A, B::SYMBOL was not initialized yet. But why? In reality, A is an object that serves as a map that maps the SYMBOLs of classes like B to their respective IDs. C holds this map(A) static-ly such that it can provide the mapping as a class function. The primary function of A is to serve as a map for C that initializes itself at startup. How should I be able to do that without segmentation fault, provided that I can still use B::ID and B::SYMBOL in the code (no #define pls)? Thanks! Gil. class A { public: A() { std::cout<<B::ID<<std::endl; std::cout<<B::SYMBOL<<std::endl; } }; class B { public: static const int ID; static const std::string SYMBOL; } const int B::ID = 1; const std::string B::SYMBOL = "B"; class C { public: static A s_A; }; A C::s_A; int main(int c, char** p) { }

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  • Fake ISAPI Handler to serve static files with extention that are rewritted by url rewriter

    - by developerit
    Introduction I often map html extention to the asp.net dll in order to use url rewritter with .html extentions. Recently, in the new version of www.nouvelair.ca, we renamed all urls to end with .html. This works great, but failed when we used FCK Editor. Static html files would not get serve because we mapped the html extension to the .NET Framework. We can we do to to use .html extension with our rewritter but still want to use IIS behavior with static html files. Analysis I thought that this could be resolve with a simple HTTP handler. We would map urls of static files in our rewriter to this handler that would read the static file and serve it, just as IIS would do. Implementation This is how I coded the class. Note that this may not be bullet proof. I only tested it once and I am sure that the logic behind IIS is more complicated that this. If you find errors or think of possible improvements, let me know. Imports System.Web Imports System.Web.Services ' Author: Nicolas Brassard ' For: Solutions Nitriques inc. http://www.nitriques.com ' Date Created: April 18, 2009 ' Last Modified: April 18, 2009 ' License: CPOL (http://www.codeproject.com/info/cpol10.aspx) ' Files: ISAPIDotNetHandler.ashx ' ISAPIDotNetHandler.ashx.vb ' Class: ISAPIDotNetHandler ' Description: Fake ISAPI handler to serve static files. ' Usefull when you want to serve static file that has a rewrited extention. ' Example: It often map html extention to the asp.net dll in order to use url rewritter with .html. ' If you want to still serve static html file, add a rewritter rule to redirect html files to this handler Public Class ISAPIDotNetHandler Implements System.Web.IHttpHandler Sub ProcessRequest(ByVal context As HttpContext) Implements IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest ' Since we are doing the job IIS normally does with html files, ' we set the content type to match html. ' You may want to customize this with your own logic, if you want to serve ' txt or xml or any other text file context.Response.ContentType = "text/html" ' We begin a try here. Any error that occurs will result in a 404 Page Not Found error. ' We replicate the behavior of IIS when it doesn't find the correspoding file. Try ' Declare a local variable containing the value of the query string Dim uri As String = context.Request("fileUri") ' If the value in the query string is null, ' throw an error to generate a 404 If String.IsNullOrEmpty(uri) Then Throw New ApplicationException("No fileUri") End If ' If the value in the query string doesn't end with .html, then block the acces ' This is a HUGE security hole since it could permit full read access to .aspx, .config, etc. If Not uri.ToLower.EndsWith(".html") Then ' throw an error to generate a 404 Throw New ApplicationException("Extention not allowed") End If ' Map the file on the server. ' If the file doesn't exists on the server, it will throw an exception and generate a 404. Dim fullPath As String = context.Server.MapPath(uri) ' Read the actual file Dim stream As IO.StreamReader = FileIO.FileSystem.OpenTextFileReader(fullPath) ' Write the file into the response context.Response.Output.Write(stream.ReadToEnd) ' Close and Dipose the stream stream.Close() stream.Dispose() stream = Nothing Catch ex As Exception ' Set the Status Code of the response context.Response.StatusCode = 404 'Page not found ' For testing and bebugging only ! This may cause a security leak ' context.Response.Output.Write(ex.Message) Finally ' In all cases, flush and end the response context.Response.Flush() context.Response.End() End Try End Sub ' Automaticly generated by Visual Studio ReadOnly Property IsReusable() As Boolean Implements IHttpHandler.IsReusable Get Return False End Get End Property End Class Conclusion As you see, with our static files map to this handler using query string (ex.: /ISAPIDotNetHandler.ashx?fileUri=index.html) you will have the same behavior as if you ask for the uri /index.html. Finally, test this only in IIS with the html extension map to aspnet_isapi.dll. Url rewritting will work in Casini (Internal Web Server shipped with Visual Studio) but it’s not the same as with IIS since EVERY request is handle by .NET. Versions First release

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  • Static vs Singleton in C# (Difference between Singleton and Static)

    - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama
    Recently I have came across a question what is the difference between Static and Singleton classes. So I thought it will be a good idea to share blog post about it.Difference between Static and Singleton classes:A singleton classes allowed to create a only single instance or particular class. That instance can be treated as normal object. You can pass that object to a method as parameter or you can call the class method with that Singleton object. While static class can have only static methods and you can not pass static class as parameter.We can implement the interfaces with the Singleton class while we can not implement the interfaces with static classes.We can clone the object of Singleton classes we can not clone the object of static classes.Singleton objects stored on heap while static class stored in stack.more at my personal blog: dotnetjalps.com

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  • Static objects and concurrency in a web application

    - by Ionut
    I'm developing small Java Web Applications on Tomcat server and I'm using MySQL as my database. Up until now I was using a connection singleton for accessing the database but I found out that this will ensure just on connection per Application and there will be problems if multiple users want to access the database in the same time. (They all have to make us of that single Connection object). I created a Connection Pool and I hope that this is the correct way of doing things. Furthermore it seems that I developed the bad habit of creating a lot of static object and static methods (mainly because I was under the wrong impression that every static object will be duplicated for every client which accesses my application). Because of this all the Service Classes ( classes used to handle database data) are static and distributed through a ServiceFactory: public class ServiceFactory { private static final String JDBC = "JDBC"; private static String impl; private static AccountService accountService; private static BoardService boardService; public static AccountService getAccountService(){ initConfig(); if (accountService == null){ if (impl.equalsIgnoreCase(JDBC)){ accountService = new JDBCAccountService(); } } return accountService; } public static BoardService getBoardService(){ initConfig(); if (boardService == null){ if (impl.equalsIgnoreCase(JDBC)){ boardService = new JDBCBoardService(); } } return boardService; } private static void initConfig(){ if (StringUtil.isEmpty(impl)){ impl = ConfigUtil.getProperty("service.implementation"); // If the config failed initialize with standard if (StringUtil.isEmpty(impl)){ impl = JDBC; } } } This was the factory class which, as you can see, allows just one Service to exist at any time. Now, is this a bad practice? What happens if let's say 1k users access AccountService simultaneously? I know that all this questions and bad practices come from a bad understanding of the static attribute in a web application and the way the server handles this attributes. Any help on this topic would be more than welcomed. Thank you for your time!

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  • Don't Use Static? [closed]

    - by Joshiatto
    Possible Duplicate: Is static universally “evil” for unit testing and if so why does resharper recommend it? Heavy use of static methods in a Java EE web application? I submitted an application I wrote to some other architects for code review. One of them almost immediately wrote me back and said "Don't use "static". You can't write automated tests with static classes and methods. "Static" is to be avoided." I checked and fully 1/4 of my classes are marked "static". I use static when I am not going to create an instance of a class because the class is a single global class used throughout the code. He went on to mention something involving mocking, IOC/DI techniques that can't be used with static code. He says it is unfortunate when 3rd party libraries are static because of their un-testability. Is this other architect correct?

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  • What does this mean: warning: converting from ‘void (ClassName::*)()’ to ‘void (*)()’

    - by Brendan Long
    I have a member function in a class that has a callback, but the callback isn't strictly neccessary, so it has a default callback, which is empty. It seems to work fine, but I get an annoying warning: warning: converting from ‘void (ClassName::*)()’ to ‘void (*)()’ I'm trying to figure out what it means and how to turn it off (or fix it if I really am doing something wrong). Here's some simple code: class ClassName{ public: void doSomething(void (*callbackFunction)() = (void(*)()) &ClassName::doNothing){ callbackFunction(); } void doNothing(){} }; int main(){ ClassName x; x.doSomething(); return 0; } Note: If I do this (without explicitly casting it as a void(*)()): void doSomething(void (*callbackFunction)() = &ClassName::doNothing) I get this: main.cpp:3: error: default argument for parameter of type ‘void (*)()’ has type ‘void (ClassName::*)()’

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  • .htaccess to block by file name possible?

    - by Tiffany Walker
    I have a bunch of files that are secure_xxxxxx.php. Is there a way to use .htaccess to block access to all the secure_* php files based on IP? EDIT: I've tried but I get 500 errors <FilesMatch "^secure_.*\.php$"> order deny all deny from all allow from my ip here </FilesMatch> Don't see any errors in apache error logs either httpd -M Loaded Modules: core_module (static) authn_file_module (static) authn_default_module (static) authz_host_module (static) authz_groupfile_module (static) authz_user_module (static) authz_default_module (static) auth_basic_module (static) include_module (static) filter_module (static) log_config_module (static) logio_module (static) env_module (static) expires_module (static) headers_module (static) setenvif_module (static) version_module (static) proxy_module (static) proxy_connect_module (static) proxy_ftp_module (static) proxy_http_module (static) proxy_scgi_module (static) proxy_ajp_module (static) proxy_balancer_module (static) ssl_module (static) mpm_prefork_module (static) http_module (static) mime_module (static) dav_module (static) status_module (static) autoindex_module (static) asis_module (static) info_module (static) suexec_module (static) cgi_module (static) dav_fs_module (static) negotiation_module (static) dir_module (static) actions_module (static) userdir_module (static) alias_module (static) rewrite_module (static) so_module (static) fastinclude_module (shared) auth_passthrough_module (shared) bwlimited_module (shared) frontpage_module (shared) suphp_module (shared) Syntax OK

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  • Understanding the static keyword

    - by user985482
    I have some experience in developing with Java, Javascript and PHP. I am reading Microsoft Visual C# 2010 Step by Step which I feel it is a very good book on introducing you to the C# language. I seem to be having problems in understanding the static keyword. From what I understand this far if a class is declared static all methods and variable have to be static. The main method always is a static method so in the class that the main method exists all variables and methods are declared static if you have to call them in the main method. Also I have noticed that in order to call a static method from another class you do not need to create an object of that you can use the class name. What are the advantages of declaring static variables and methods? When should I declare static variable and methods?

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  • Qt static build with static mysql plugin confusion

    - by bdiloreto
    I have built a Qt application which uses the MySQL library, but I am confused by the documentation on static versus shared builds. From the Qt documentation at http://doc.qt.nokia.com/4.7/deployment-windows.html it says: To deploy plugin-based applications we should use the shared library approach. And on http://doc.qt.nokia.com/4.7/deployment.html, it says: Static linking results in a stand-alone executable. The advantage is that you will only have a few files to deploy. The disadvantages are that the executables are large and with no flexibility and that you cannot deploy plugins. To deploy plugin-based applications, you can use the shared library approach. But on http://doc.qt.nokia.com/latest/plugins-howto.html, it seems to say the opposite, giving directions on how to use static plugins: Plugins can be linked statically against your application. If you build the static version of Qt, this is the only option for including Qt's predefined plugins. Using static plugins makes the deployment less error-prone, but has the disadvantage that no functionality from plugins can be added without a complete rebuild and redistribution of the application. ... To link statically against those plugins, you need to use the Q_IMPORT_PLUGIN() macro in your application and you need to add the required plugins to your build using QTPLUGIN. I want to build the Qt libraries statically (for easy deployment) and then use the static MySQL plugin. To do this, I did NOT use the binary distrubtion for Windows. Instead, I've started with the source qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.7.4 Is the following the correct way to do a static build so that i can use the static MySql plugin? configure -static -debug-and-release -opensource -platform win32-msvc2010 -no-qt3support -no-webkit -no-script -plugin-sql-mysql -I C:\MySQL\include -L C:\MySQL\lib This should build the Qt libraries statically AND the static plugin to be linked at run-time, correct? I would NOT need to build the Mysql Plugin from source separately, correct? If I was to subtitute "-qt-sql-mysql" for "-plugin-sql-mysql" in above, it would include the MySQL driver directly in the QT static libraries, in which case I would NOT need to use the plugin at all, correct? Thanks for making me unconfused!

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  • C# - Get values of static properties from static class

    - by JamesW
    I'm trying to loop through some static properties in a simple static class in order to populate a combo box with their values, but am having difficulties. Here is the simple class: public static MyStaticClass() { public static string property1 = "NumberOne"; public static string property2 = "NumberTwo"; public static string property3 = "NumberThree"; } ... and the code attempting to retrieve the values: Type myType = typeof(MyStaticClass); PropertyInfo[] properties = myType.GetProperties( BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly); foreach (PropertyInfo property in properties) { MyComboBox.Items.Add(property.GetValue(myType, null).ToString()); } If I don't supply any binding flags then I get about 57 properties including things like System.Reflection.Module Module and all sorts of other inherited things I don't care about. My 3 declared properties are not present. If I supply various combinations of other flags then it always returns 0 properties. Great. Does it matter that my static class is actually declared within another non-static class? Please help! What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to serve static files for multiple Django projects via nginx to same domain

    - by thanley
    I am trying to setup my nginx conf so that I can serve the relevant files for my multiple Django projects. Ultimately I want each app to be available at www.example.com/app1, www.example.com/app2 etc. They all serve static files from a 'static-files' directory located in their respective project root. The project structure: Home Ubuntu Web www.example.com ref logs app app1 app1 static bower_components templatetags app1_project templates static-files app2 app2 static templates templatetags app2_project static-files app3 tests templates static-files static app3_project app3 venv When I use the conf below, there are no problems for serving the static-files for the app that I designate in the /static/ location. I can also access the different apps found at their locations. However, I cannot figure out how to serve all of the static files for all the apps at the same time. I have looked into using the 'try_files' command for the static location, but cannot figure out how to see if it is working or not. Nginx Conf - Only serving static files for one app: server { listen 80; server_name example.com; server_name www.example.com; access_log /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/logs/access.log; error_log /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/logs/error.log; root /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/; location /static/ { alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app1/static-files/; } location /media/ { alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/media/; } location /app1/ { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /app1; uwsgi_modifier1 30; uwsgi_pass unix:///home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app1.sock; } location /app2/ { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /app2; uwsgi_modifier1 30; uwsgi_pass unix:///home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app2.sock; } location /app3/ { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /app3; uwsgi_modifier1 30; uwsgi_pass unix:///home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app3.sock; } # what to serve if upstream is not available or crashes error_page 400 /static/400.html; error_page 403 /static/403.html; error_page 404 /static/404.html; error_page 500 502 503 504 /static/500.html; # Compression gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_proxied any; gzip_min_length 1100; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; # Some version of IE 6 don't handle compression well on some mime-types, # so just disable for them gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)"; # Set a vary header so downstream proxies don't send cached gzipped # content to IE6 gzip_vary on; } Essentially I want to have something like (I know this won't work) location /static/ { alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app1/static-files/; alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app2/static-files/; alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app3/static-files/; } or (where it can serve the static files based on the uri) location /static/ { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } So basically, if I use try_files like above, is the problem in my project directory structure? Or am I totally off base on this and I need to put each app in a subdomain instead of going this route? Thanks for any suggestions TLDR: I want to go to: www.example.com/APP_NAME_HERE And have nginx serve the static location: /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/APP_NAME_HERE/static-files/;

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  • How to use void*

    - by Rondogiannis Aristophanes
    I am imlementing a simple merge function and I have got stuck, as the compiler gives me errors that I cannot explain. Here is my merge function: void merge(void *a, int beg, int middle, int end, int (*cmp)(const void*, const void* { std::stack<void*> first; std::stack<void*> second; for(int i = beg; i < middle; i++) { first.push(a+i); } for(int i = middle; i < end; i++) { second.push(a+i); } for(int i = beg; i < end; i++) { if(first.empty()) { void *tmp = second.top(); second.pop(); a+i = tmp; } else if(second.empty()) { void *tmp = first.top(); first.pop(); a+i = tmp; } else if(cmp(first.top(), second.top())) { void *tmp = first.top(); first.pop(); a+i = tmp; } else { void *tmp = second.top(); second.pop(); a+i = tmp; } } } And here is the error: sort.h: In function `void merge(void*, int, int, int, int (*)(const void*, const void*))': sort.h:9: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:12: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:19: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:19: error: non-lvalue in assignment sort.h:23: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:23: error: non-lvalue in assignment sort.h:27: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:27: error: non-lvalue in assignment sort.h:31: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:31: error: non-lvalue in assignment Can anyone help me? TIA.

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  • What do I return if the return type of a method is Void? (Not void!)

    - by DR
    Due to the use of Generics in Java I ended up in having to implement a function having Void as return type: public Void doSomething() { //... } and the compiler demands that I return something. For now I'm just returning null, but I'm wondering if that is good coding practice... I've also tried Void.class, void, Void.TYPE, new Void(), no return at all, but all that doesn't work at all. (For more or less obvious reasons) (See this answer for details) So what am I supposed to return if the return type of a function is Void? What's the general use of the Void class? EDIT: Just to spare you the downvotes: I'm asking about V?oid, not v?oid. The class Void, not the reserved keyword void.

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  • Don't Use "Static" in C#?

    - by Joshiatto
    I submitted an application I wrote to some other architects for code review. One of them almost immediately wrote me back and said "Don't use "static". You can't write automated tests with static classes and methods. "Static" is to be avoided." I checked and fully 1/4 of my classes are marked "static". I use static when I am not going to create an instance of a class because the class is a single global class used throughout the code. He went on to mention something involving mocking, IOC/DI techniques that can't be used with static code. He says it is unfortunate when 3rd party libraries are static because of their un-testability. Is this other architect correct? update: here is an example: APIManager - this class keeps dictionaries of 3rd party APIs I am calling along with the next allowed time. It enforces API usage limits that a lot of 3rd parties have in their terms of service. I use it anywhere I am calling a 3rd party service by calling Thread.Sleep(APIManager.GetWait("ProviderXYZ")); before making the call. Everything in here is thread safe and it works great with the TPL in C#.

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  • How to deal with static utility classes when designing for testability

    - by Benedikt
    We are trying to design our system to be testable and in most parts developed using TDD. Currently we are trying to solve the following problem: In various places it is necessary for us to use static helper methods like ImageIO and URLEncoder (both standard Java API) and various other libraries that consist mostly of static methods (like the Apache Commons libraries). But it is extremely difficult to test those methods that use such static helper classes. I have several ideas for solving this problem: Use a mock framework that can mock static classes (like PowerMock). This may be the simplest solution but somehow feels like giving up. Create instantiable wrapper classes around all those static utilities so they can be injected into the classes that use them. This sounds like a relatively clean solution but I fear we'll end up creating an awful lot of those wrapper classes. Extract every call to these static helper classes into a function that can be overridden and test a subclass of the class I actually want to test. But I keep thinking that this just has to be a problem that many people have to face when doing TDD - so there must already be solutions for this problem. What is the best strategy to keep classes that use these static helpers testable?

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  • Static initializer in Java

    - by Szere Dyeri
    My question is about one particular usage of static keyword. It is possible to use static keyword to cover a code block within a class which does not belong to any function. For example following code compiles: public class Test { private static final int a; static { a = 5; doSomething(a); } private static int doSomething(int x) { return (x+5); } } If you remove the static keyword it complains because the variable a is final. However it is possible to remove both final and static keywords and make it compile. It is confusing for me in both ways. How am I supposed to have a code section that does not belong to any method? How is it possible to invoke it? In general, what is the purpose of this usage? Or better, where can I find documentation about this?

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