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  • Starter question of declarative style SQLAlchemy relation()

    - by jfding
    I am quite new to SQLAlchemy, or even database programming, maybe my question is too simple. Now I have two class/table: class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(40)) ... class Computer(Base): __tablename__ = 'comps' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) buyer_id = Column(None, ForeignKey('users.id')) user_id = Column(None, ForeignKey('users.id')) buyer = relation(User, backref=backref('buys', order_by=id)) user = relation(User, backref=backref('usings', order_by=id)) Of course, it cannot run. This is the backtrace: File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/state.py", line 71, in initialize_instance fn(self, instance, args, kwargs) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 1829, in _event_on_init instrumenting_mapper.compile() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 687, in compile mapper._post_configure_properties() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 716, in _post_configure_properties prop.init() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/interfaces.py", line 408, in init self.do_init() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/properties.py", line 716, in do_init self._determine_joins() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/properties.py", line 806, in _determine_joins "many-to-many relation, 'secondaryjoin' is needed as well." % (self)) sqlalchemy.exc.ArgumentError: Could not determine join condition between parent/child tables on relation Package.maintainer. Specify a 'primaryjoin' expression. If this is a many-to-many relation, 'secondaryjoin' is needed as well. There's two foreign keys in class Computer, so the relation() callings cannot determine which one should be used. I think I must use extra arguments to specify it, right? And howto? Thanks

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  • Django Querying Relation of Relation

    - by Brent
    I'm stuck on a Django ORM issue that is bugging me. I have a set of models linked by a foreign key but the requirements are a bit odd. I need to list items by their relation's relation. This is hard to explain so I've tried to depict this below, given: Work ManyToMany(Award) Award ForeignKey(AwardCategory) AwardCategory I need to list work items so they are listed by the award category. Desired output would be: Work Instance A Award Instance A that belongs to Award Category Instance A Award Instance C that belongs to Award Category Instance A Award Instance G that belongs to Award Category Instance A Work Instance A (same instance as above, but listed by different award__category) Award Instance F that belongs to Award Category Instance B Award Instance R that belongs to Award Category Instance B Award Instance Z that belongs to Award Category Instance B Work Instance B Award Instance B that belongs to Award Category Instance A Award Instance A that belongs to Award Category Instance A Essentially I want to list all work by the award category. I can get this to work in part but my solution is filthy and gross. I'm wondering if there is a better way. I considered using a ManyToMany and a through attribute but I'm not certain if I'm utilizing it correctly.

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  • sqlalchemy relation through another (declarative)

    - by clayg
    Is anyone familiar with ActiveRecord's "has_many :through" relations for models? I'm not really a Rails guy, but that's basically what I'm trying to do. As a contrived example consider Projects, Programmers, and Assignments: from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy import Column, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.types import Integer, String, Text from sqlalchemy.orm import relation from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base Base = declarative_base() class Assignment(Base): __tablename__ = 'assignment' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) description = Column(Text) programmer_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('programmer.id')) project_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('project.id')) def __init__(self, description=description): self.description = description def __repr__(self): return '<Assignment("%s")>' % self.description class Programmer(Base): __tablename__ = 'programmer' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64)) assignments = relation("Assignment", backref='programmer') def __init__(self, name=name): self.name = name def __repr__(self): return '<Programmer("%s")>' % self.name class Project(Base): __tablename__ = 'project' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64)) description = Column(Text) assignments = relation("Assignment", backref='project') def __init__(self, name=name, description=description): self.name = name self.description = description def __repr__(self): return '<Project("%s", "%s...")>' % (self.name, self.description[:10]) engine = create_engine('sqlite://') Base.metadata.create_all(engine) Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() Projects have many Assignments. Programmers have many Assignments. (understatement?) But in my office at least, Programmers also have many Projects - I'd like this relationship to be inferred through the Assignments assigned to the Programmer. I'd like the Programmer model to have a attribute "projects" which will return a list of Projects associated to the Programmer through the Assignment model. me = session.query(Programmer).filter_by(name='clay').one() projects = session.query(Project).\ join(Project.assignments).\ join(Assignment.programmer).\ filter(Programmer.id==me.id).all() How can I describe this relationship clearly and simply using the sqlalchemy declarative syntax? Thanks!

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  • How to specify an association relation using declarative base

    - by sam
    I have been trying to create an association relation between two tables, intake and module . Each intake has a one-to-many relationship with the modules. However there is a coursework assigned to each module, and each coursework has a duedate which is unique to each intake. I tried this but it didnt work: intake_modules_table = Table('tg_intakemodules',metadata, Column('intake_id',Integer,ForeignKey('tg_intake.intake_id', onupdate="CASCADE",ondelete="CASCADE")), Column('module_id',Integer,ForeignKey('tg_module.module_id', onupdate ="CASCADE",ondelete="CASCADE")), Column('dueddate', Unicode(16)) ) class Intake(DeclarativeBase): __tablename__ = 'tg_intake' #{ Columns intake_id = Column(Integer, autoincrement=True, primary_key=True) code = Column(Unicode(16)) commencement = Column(DateTime) completion = Column(DateTime) #{ Special methods def __repr__(self): return '"%s"' %self.code def __unicode__(self): return self.code #} class Module(DeclarativeBase): __tablename__ ='tg_module' #{ Columns module_id = Column(Integer, autoincrement=True, primary_key=True) code = Column(Unicode(16)) title = Column(Unicode(30)) #{ relations intakes = relation('Intake', secondary=intake_modules_table, backref='modules') #{ Special methods def __repr__(self): return '"%s"'%self.title def __unicode__(self): return '"%s"'%self.title #} When I do this the column duedate specified in the intake_module_table is not created. Please some help will be appreciated here. thanks in advance

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  • rails 3.0.3 - ActiveRecord::Relation, undefined method error

    - by brg
    I am having this unexplained ActiveRecord::Relation, undefined method error . I don't know why, since my model association are well defined and the event table has the foreign keys for the user table. I tried using this fix but it failed: Rails 3 ActiveRecord::Relation random associations behavior event.rb class Event < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user attr_accessible :event_name, :Starts_at, :finish, :tracks end user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :events, :dependent = :destroy attr_accessible :name, :event_attributes accepts_nested_attributes_for :events, :allow_destroy = true end schema.rb ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version = 20101201180355) do create_table "events", :force = true do |t| t.string "event_name" t.string "tracks" t.datetime "starts_at" t.datetime "finish" t.datetime "created_at" t.datetime "updated_at" t.integer "user_id" end end error message NoMethodError in Users#index undefined method `events' for # Extracted source (around line #10): 7: <%= sortable "Tracks" % 8: 10: <% @users.events.each do |event| % 11: <% debugger % 12: 13: <%= event.starts_at % Trace of template inclusion: app/views/users/index.html.erb Rails.root: C:/rails_project1/events_manager Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace app/views/users/_event_user.html.erb:10:in _app_views_users__event_user_html_erb__412443848_34308540_1390678' app/views/users/index.html.erb:7:in_app_views_users_index_html_erb___603337143_34316016_0'

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  • JPA map relation entity parentID...

    - by Fabio Beoni
    Hello, could someone help me to understand how can I define an entity with JPA mapping that has a relation with it self? For example, my entity is CompanyDivision, divisionA contains divisionB, divisionC and divisionB contains divisionB1, divisionB2 divisionA divisionB divisionB1 divisionB2 divisionC Thank you!

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  • Doctrine generate models - problem with relation type

    - by mrok
    I am trying generate doctrine models from yaml schema I have schema like that: Product: columns: id: type: integer(5) primary: true unsigned: true autoincrement: true activation_time: type: datetime notnull: true enduser_id: type: integer(5) unsigned: true notnull: true relations: Enduser: foreignType: one type: one foreignAlias: Product Hostid: columns: id: type: integer(5) primary: true unsigned: true autoincrement: true value: type: string(32) fixed: true notnull: true Order: columns: id: type: integer(5) primary: true autoincrement: true unsigned: true expire_date: type: datetime description: type: clob Enduser: columns: id: type: integer(5) primary: true unsigned: true autoincrement: true hostid_id: type: integer(5) unsigned: true notnull: true order_id: type: integer(5) unsigned: true notnull: true relations: Order: foreignAlias: Endusers Hostid: foreignAlias: Endusers and the problem is that models generated by doctrine generate-models-yaml are wrong in BaseEnduser $Product is defined as Doctrine_Collection $this-hasMany('Product', array( 'local' = 'id', 'foreign' = 'enduser_id')); instead just Product object what did I wrong? relation is defined as foreignType: one type: one

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  • undefined method `events' for #<ActiveRecord::Relation:0x4177518> -rails 3.0.3

    - by brg
    I am having this unexplained NoMethodError with undefined method `events' for #. I don't know why since my model association are well defined and the event table has the foreign keys for the user table. I tried using this fix but it failed: Rails 3 ActiveRecord::Relation random associations behavior event.rb class Event < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user attr_accessible :event_name, :Starts_at, :finish, :tracks end user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :events, :dependent = :destroy attr_accessible :name, :event_attributes accepts_nested_attributes_for :events, :allow_destroy = true end schema.rb ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version = 20101201180355) do create_table "events", :force = true do |t| t.string "event_name" t.string "tracks" t.datetime "starts_at" t.datetime "finish" t.datetime "created_at" t.datetime "updated_at" t.integer "user_id" end end error message NoMethodError in Users#index undefined method `events' for # Extracted source (around line #10): 7: <%= sortable "Tracks" % 8: 10: <% @users.events.each do |event| % 11: <% debugger % 12: 13: <%= event.starts_at % Trace of template inclusion: app/views/users/index.html.erb Rails.root: C:/rails_project1/events_manager Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace app/views/users/_event_user.html.erb:10:in _app_views_users__event_user_html_erb__412443848_34308540_1390678' app/views/users/index.html.erb:7:in_app_views_users_index_html_erb___603337143_34316016_0'

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  • Recurrence relation solution

    - by Travis
    I'm revising past midterms for a final exam this week and am trying to make sense of a solution my professor posted for one of past exams. (You can see the original pdf here, question #6). I'm given the original recurrence relation T(m)=3T(n/2) + n and am told T(1) = 1. I'm pretty sure the solution I've been given is wrong in a few places. The solution is as follows: Let n=2^m T(2^m) = 3T(2^(m-1)) + 2^m 3T(2^(m-1)) = 3^2*T(2^(m-2)) + 2^(m-1)*3 ... 3^(m-1)T(2) = T(1) + 2*3^(m-1) I'm pretty sure this last line is incorrect and they forgot to multiply T(1) by 3^m. He then (tries to) sum the expressions: T(2^m) = 1 + (2^m + 2^(m-1)*3 + ... + 2*3(m-1)) = 1 + 2^m(1 + (3/2)^1 + (3/2)^2 + ... + (3/2)^(m-1)) = 1 + 2^m((3/2)^m-1)*(1/2) = 1 + 3^m - 2^(m-1) = 1 + n^log 3 - n/2 Thus the algorithm is big Theta of (n^log 3). I'm pretty sure that he also got the summation wrong here. By my calculations this should be as follows: T(2^m) = 2^m + 3 * 2^(m-1) + 3^2 * 2^(m-2) + ... + 3^m (3^m because 3^m*T(1) = 3^m should be added, not 1) = 2^m * ((3/2)^1 + (3/2)^2 + ... + (3/2)^m) = 2^m * sum of (3/2)^i from i=0 to m = 2^m * ((3/2)^(m+1) - 1)/(3/2 - 1) = 2^m * ((3/2)^(m+1) - 1)/(1/2) = 2^(m+1) * 3^(m+1)/2^(m+1) - 2^(m+1) = 3^(m+1) - 2 * 2^m Replacing n = 2^m, and from that m = log n T(n) = 3*3^(log n) - 2*n n is O(3^log n), thus the runtime is big Theta of (3^log n) Does this seem right? Thanks for your help!

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  • What exactly are Link Relation Values?

    - by bckpwrld
    From REST in Practice: Hypermedia and Systems Architecture: For computer-to-computer interactions, we advertise protocol information by embedding links in representations, much as we do with the human Web. To describe a link's purpose, we annotate it. Annotations indicate what the linked resource means to the current resource: “status of your coffee order” “payment” and so on. We call such annotated links hypermedia controls, reflecting their enhanced capabilities over raw URIs. ... link relation values, which describe the roles of linked resources ... Link relation values help consumers understand why they might want to activate a hypermedia control. They do so by indicating the role of the linked resource in the context of the current representation. I interpret the above quotes as saying that Hypermedia control contains both a link to a resource and an annotation describing the role of linked resource in the context of the current representation. And we call this annotation ( which describes the role of linked resource ) a link relation value. Is my assumption correct or does the term link relation value actually describe something different? Thank you

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  • Salon du E-commerce et Social CRM B2B

    - by Valérie De Montvallon
    Nous participions au Salon du E-commerce et Social CRM B2B en septembre dernier et nous vous proposons la vidéo réalisée par Les décideurs de la relation client. Découvrez des avis d'experts de la Relation Client pour en savoir toujours plus sur le Social CRM BtoB. Pour le BtoB, la gestion de la Relation Client semble bien simple quand il s’agit de récolter des informations à partir d’appels téléphoniques, d’entretiens physiques ou d’emails. Toutefois, la tâche s’enhardit sur les réseaux sociaux. Ces plateformes sont-elles réellement adaptées au BtoB ? Comment procéder quand on se lance ? Quels sont les pièges à éviter ? Quels sont les éléments qui laissent à penser que le Social CRM BtoB est une vraie tendance de la Relation Client ? Autant de questions auxquelles les experts rencontrés ont apporté des éléments de réponse. Vous découvrirez l'interview de notre expert, Khalid Madarbokus, qui s'exprime sur la remontée d'informations depuis les médias sociaux au sein des départements d'une entreprise B2B (à 3:20)

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  • juju: How do I list all the relation variables and debug them interactively?

    - by mfisch
    I'm writing a charm that requires a mysql database, I found from looking at other charms that this (below) is how I get the info about the database: user=`relation-get user` password=`relation-get password` mysqlhost=`relation-get private-address` But I just found that from reading the wordpress charm example, is there a way to show all the relation variables that I can use? Also, while debugging my db-relation-changed script, I wanted to ssh into my host and interactively run those commands, for example relation-get user, but it didn't work. I resorted to having to restart everything and use juju log to print them out. This wasted a lot of time. Is there a way to print out these relations, either from my dev box or from the instance running my charm? (Below is what happens when I tried to interactively run relation-get): ubuntu@mfisch-local-tracks-0:~$ relation-get user usage: relation-get [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [-s SOCKET] [--client-id CLIENT_ID] [--format FORMAT] [--log-file FILE] [--log-level CRITICAL|DEBUG|INFO|ERROR|WARNING] [-r RELATION ID] [settings_name] [unit_name] No JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET/-s option found

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  • Juju MySQL adding units vs adding new service with relation

    - by user2291975
    What's the point of adding units to MySQL? Why not just create a new service with relation to the master node? MySQL doesn't support multi-master node so adding units to one MySQL service doesn't make any sense. If I create a second service as a slave and add units to that to act as multiple slaves still doesn't make sense because if the primary slave server dies all the unites attached to it become useless as well. Can anyone explain why I should add units to MySQL?

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  • seo in relation to web-hosting [closed]

    - by jimmy obonyo
    Possible Duplicate: Does changing web hosting server affects SEO page ranking? I have two websites.one of the site though vigorous attempts to search optimize to certain google keywords or even the site name still performs poorly,while the other site does actually perform better and better.the two sites are hosted by different hosting companies...one bytehost.net the other by youhosting.com.So here is my question,does anyone know if there any relation of hosting company with indexing or not, and if there is a relationship how to choose a good company to get better seo indexing ,rating

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  • Looking for terminology for the relation of a subject and a predicate

    - by kostja
    While writing some predicates for collection filtering I have stumbled over the choice of the right words for the relation of the subject and the predicate (English is a foreign language for me). What I ended up writing was "Subjects matching this predicate..." This seems to be incorrect, since predicates are functions and not regular expressions. But saying "Subjects for which this predicate returns true..." sounds awkward to me as well.. So what would be the correct term?

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  • How do I list all the relation variables and debug them interactively?

    - by mfisch
    I'm writing a charm that requires a mysql database, I found from looking at other charms that this (below) is how I get the info about the database: user=`relation-get user` password=`relation-get password` mysqlhost=`relation-get private-address` But I just found that from reading the wordpress charm example, is there a way to show all the relation variables that I can use? Also, while debugging my db-relation-changed script, I wanted to ssh into my host and interactively run those commands, for example relation-get user, but it didn't work. I resorted to having to restart everything and use juju log to print them out. This wasted a lot of time. Is there a way to print out these relations, either from my dev box or from the instance running my charm? (Below is what happens when I tried to interactively run relation-get): ubuntu@mfisch-local-tracks-0:~$ relation-get user usage: relation-get [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [-s SOCKET] [--client-id CLIENT_ID] [--format FORMAT] [--log-file FILE] [--log-level CRITICAL|DEBUG|INFO|ERROR|WARNING] [-r RELATION ID] [settings_name] [unit_name] No JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET/-s option found I tried juju debug-hooks tracks/0 -e local, that dropped me into a shell and relation-get still failed.

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  • Relation between developers and clients

    - by guiman
    Hi everyone, i've been facing a situation at work and i would like to share it with you and tell me: Did you had to do it to? Should a developer be in direct contact wit the client? Or there should be an "adapter" guy that translates client needs in pseudo formal requirements understandable to us? I'm currently working in a small company that its taking care of implementing lots of systems, most of them for goverment institutions, in witch it generally means taking software developted 20 years ago and refurbish them so fit up-to-date needs. The clients generally are very used to them and tend to discourage change (they are in their 50s 60s give or take, so not technologie-friendly in general). As you can imagine, dev-team in most cases starts taking care of relation with clients, generating the documentation needed in this cases (CU usually), assisting to weekly meets to see improvements with clients. As for experience, this is a gold mine for me, because gives a nice perspective on all the aspects of software development, but also some problems rise because, if developers come from mars then client are from venus. So there is a fine gap on the vocabulary/experience/capability-to-interpret-needs that generates an noice in the communication, and some times affecting the final product.

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  • Améliorer la pertinence des réponses aux demandes clients et réduire les DMT*

    - by Valérie De Montvallon
    Le Knowledge Management pour améliorer la pertinence des réponses aux demandes clients et réduire les DMT Avec le témoignage de SFR Lundi 2 juillet de 8h30 à 10h30 à l’Automobile Club de France, Paris Web, appel vocal, rendez-vous en agence, vos clients s'attendent aujourd’hui à obtenir une réponse unique, pertinente et rapide, quel que soit le canal de contact. Vos conseillers clients et vos agents ont besoin d'avoir accès facilement à l'information nécessaire. La volumétrie des données utilisées par les services de relation clients (centres de contacts, vendeurs en magasin, community manager…) est impressionnante, mixant souvent plusieurs sources d’information et nécessitant des recherches sémantiques. Rendez-vous le 2 juillet pour découvrir comment un outil de Knowledge Management permet d’optimiser la pertinence des résultats de recherche. Au cours de cette matinée d’échanges, Jocelyn Aubry, DSI Relation Client Grand Public chez SFR, partagera son expérience d'intégration de la solution Oracle InQuira pour constituer une base de connaissance unique et cross-canal, au service de ses conseillers clients. Inscription : [email protected]

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  • Reference Data Management and Master Data: Are Relation ?

    - by Mala Narasimharajan
    Submitted By:  Rahul Kamath  Oracle Data Relationship Management (DRM) has always been extremely powerful as an Enterprise Master Data Management (MDM) solution that can help manage changes to master data in a way that influences enterprise structure, whether it be mastering chart of accounts to enable financial transformation, or revamping organization structures to drive business transformation and operational efficiencies, or restructuring sales territories to enable equitable distribution of leads to sales teams following the acquisition of new products, or adding additional cost centers to enable fine grain control over expenses. Increasingly, DRM is also being utilized by Oracle customers for reference data management, an emerging solution space that deserves some explanation. What is reference data? How does it relate to Master Data? Reference data is a close cousin of master data. While master data is challenged with problems of unique identification, may be more rapidly changing, requires consensus building across stakeholders and lends structure to business transactions, reference data is simpler, more slowly changing, but has semantic content that is used to categorize or group other information assets – including master data – and gives them contextual value. In fact, the creation of a new master data element may require new reference data to be created. For example, when a European company acquires a US business, chances are that they will now need to adapt their product line taxonomy to include a new category to describe the newly acquired US product line. Further, the cross-border transaction will also result in a revised geo hierarchy. The addition of new products represents changes to master data while changes to product categories and geo hierarchy are examples of reference data changes.1 The following table contains an illustrative list of examples of reference data by type. Reference data types may include types and codes, business taxonomies, complex relationships & cross-domain mappings or standards. Types & Codes Taxonomies Relationships / Mappings Standards Transaction Codes Industry Classification Categories and Codes, e.g., North America Industry Classification System (NAICS) Product / Segment; Product / Geo Calendars (e.g., Gregorian, Fiscal, Manufacturing, Retail, ISO8601) Lookup Tables (e.g., Gender, Marital Status, etc.) Product Categories City à State à Postal Codes Currency Codes (e.g., ISO) Status Codes Sales Territories (e.g., Geo, Industry Verticals, Named Accounts, Federal/State/Local/Defense) Customer / Market Segment; Business Unit / Channel Country Codes (e.g., ISO 3166, UN) Role Codes Market Segments Country Codes / Currency Codes / Financial Accounts Date/Time, Time Zones (e.g., ISO 8601) Domain Values Universal Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC), eCl@ss International Classification of Diseases (ICD) e.g., ICD9 à IC10 mappings Tax Rates Why manage reference data? Reference data carries contextual value and meaning and therefore its use can drive business logic that helps execute a business process, create a desired application behavior or provide meaningful segmentation to analyze transaction data. Further, mapping reference data often requires human judgment. Sample Use Cases of Reference Data Management Healthcare: Diagnostic Codes The reference data challenges in the healthcare industry offer a case in point. Part of being HIPAA compliant requires medical practitioners to transition diagnosis codes from ICD-9 to ICD-10, a medical coding scheme used to classify diseases, signs and symptoms, causes, etc. The transition to ICD-10 has a significant impact on business processes, procedures, contracts, and IT systems. Since both code sets ICD-9 and ICD-10 offer diagnosis codes of very different levels of granularity, human judgment is required to map ICD-9 codes to ICD-10. The process requires collaboration and consensus building among stakeholders much in the same way as does master data management. Moreover, to build reports to understand utilization, frequency and quality of diagnoses, medical practitioners may need to “cross-walk” mappings -- either forward to ICD-10 or backwards to ICD-9 depending upon the reporting time horizon. Spend Management: Product, Service & Supplier Codes Similarly, as an enterprise looks to rationalize suppliers and leverage their spend, conforming supplier codes, as well as product and service codes requires supporting multiple classification schemes that may include industry standards (e.g., UNSPSC, eCl@ss) or enterprise taxonomies. Aberdeen Group estimates that 90% of companies rely on spreadsheets and manual reviews to aggregate, classify and analyze spend data, and that data management activities account for 12-15% of the sourcing cycle and consume 30-50% of a commodity manager’s time. Creating a common map across the extended enterprise to rationalize codes across procurement, accounts payable, general ledger, credit card, procurement card (P-card) as well as ACH and bank systems can cut sourcing costs, improve compliance, lower inventory stock, and free up talent to focus on value added tasks. Change Management: Point of Sales Transaction Codes and Product Codes In the specialty finance industry, enterprises are confronted with usury laws – governed at the state and local level – that regulate financial product innovation as it relates to consumer loans, check cashing and pawn lending. To comply, it is important to demonstrate that transactions booked at the point of sale are posted against valid product codes that were on offer at the time of booking the sale. Since new products are being released at a steady stream, it is important to ensure timely and accurate mapping of point-of-sale transaction codes with the appropriate product and GL codes to comply with the changing regulations. Multi-National Companies: Industry Classification Schemes As companies grow and expand across geographies, a typical challenge they encounter with reference data represents reconciling various versions of industry classification schemes in use across nations. While the United States, Mexico and Canada conform to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) standard, European Union countries choose different variants of the NACE industry classification scheme. Multi-national companies must manage the individual national NACE schemes and reconcile the differences across countries. Enterprises must invest in a reference data change management application to address the challenge of distributing reference data changes to downstream applications and assess which applications were impacted by a given change. References 1 Master Data versus Reference Data, Malcolm Chisholm, April 1, 2006.

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  • EJB Lifecycle and Relation to WARs

    - by Adam Tannon
    I've been reading up on EJBs (3.x) and believe I understand the basics. This question is a "call for confirmation" that I have interpreted the Java EE docs correctly and that I understand these fundamental concepts: An EJB is to an App Container as a Web App (WAR) is to a Web Container Just like you deploy a WAR to a Web Container, and that container manages your WAR's life cycle, you deploy an EJB to an App Container, and the container manages your EJB's life cycle When the App Container fires up and deploys an EJB, it is given a unique "identifier" and URL that can be used by JNDI to look up the EJB from another tier (like the web tier) So, when your web app wants to invoke one of your EJB's methods, it looks the EJB up using some kind of service locator (JNDI) and invoke the method that way Am I on-track or way off-base here? Please correct me & clarify for me if any of these are incorrect. Thanks in advance!

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  • What is Perl's relation with hackers?

    - by K.Steff
    I know Perl is a language revered by many hackers (as in hacker vs cracker) and respected by many good programmers for its expressiveness. I also realize it is useful to know and it's very handy at generalizing common Unix tasks (Unix here includes Linux and Cygwin). I also know that being a good hacker probably means you're a good programmer in general (references on this one are sparse around the web, but about everything Paul Graham has ever written seems approving of this statement to me). So my question is whether there is a reason that attracts hackers to Perl in particular? Will learing Perl improve my general programming, problem-solving and hacking skills if done properly? Does it present unique tools that are more useful to a hacker?

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  • Severity and relation to occurence - priority?

    - by user970696
    I have been browsing through some webpages related to testing and found one dealing with the metrics of testing. It says: The severity level of a defect indicates the potential business impact for the end user (business impact = effect on the end user x frequency of occurrence). I do not think think this is correct or what am I missing? Usually it is the priority which is the result of such a calculation (severe bug that occurs rarely is still severe but does not have to be fixed immediately). Also from this description, what is the difference between the effect on the end user and business impact?

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  • What is Perl's relation to hackers? [closed]

    - by K.Steff
    I know Perl is a language revered by many hackers (as in hacker vs cracker) and respected by many good programmers for its expressiveness. I also realize it is useful to know and it's very handy at generalizing common Unix tasks (Unix here includes Linux and Cygwin). I also know that being a good hacker probably means you're a good programmer in general (references on this one are sparse around the web, but about everything Paul Graham has ever written seems approving of this statement to me). So my question is whether there is a reason that attracts hackers to Perl in particular? Will learing Perl improve my general programming, problem-solving and hacking skills if done properly? Does it present unique tools that are more useful to a hacker?

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  • ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Relation does not show in Contacts app

    - by Mark R
    I programatically added almost every type of contact field to a contact and they all work except for Relation. Relation types get added to the contacts database, but they don't show up in the Contacts app. I don't see a way to add Relation information through the Contacts GUI for a standard Gmail contact either. Does the Contacts app just not support this data type?

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