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  • Why friend overloaded operator is preferred to conversion operator in this case

    - by skydoor
    Hi I have a code like this, I think both the friend overloaded operator and conversion operator have the similar function. However, why does the friend overloaded operator is called in this case? What's the rules? Thanks so much! class A{ double i; public: A(int i):i(i) {} operator double () const { cout<<"conversion operator"<<endl;return i;} // a conversion operator friend bool operator>(int i, A a); // a friend funcion of operator > }; bool operator>(int i, A a ){ cout<<"Friend"<<endl; return i>a.i; } int main() { A aa(1); if (0 > aa){ return 1; } }

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  • Shortcut "or-assignment" (|=) operator in Java

    - by Dr. Monkey
    I have a long set of comparisons to do in Java, and I'd like to know if one or more of them come out as true. The string of comparisons was long and difficult to read, so I broke it up for readability, and automatically went to use a shortcut operator |= rather than negativeValue = negativeValue || boolean. boolean negativeValue = false; negativeValue |= (defaultStock < 0); negativeValue |= (defaultWholesale < 0); negativeValue |= (defaultRetail < 0); negativeValue |= (defaultDelivery < 0); I expect negativeValue to be true if any of the default<something> values are negative. Is this valid? Will it do what I expect? I couldn't see it mentioned on Sun's site or stackoverflow, but Eclipse doesn't seem to have a problem with it and the code compiles and runs.

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  • C# Operator Overloading post-fix increment

    - by Victor
    I'm coding a date class and am having trouble with the post-fix increment (the prefix increment seems fine). Here is the sample code: public class date { int year, month, day; public date(int d, int m, int y) { day = d; month = m; year = y; } static public date operator ++(date d) { return d.Next(d); } } The method "Next(date d)" takes a date and returns tomorrows date (I left it out for brevity). I'm to young in C# to understand why the prefix is fine but postfix increment does nothing. But remember in C++ we would have to have two methods instead of just one - for prefix and postfix increments. Also no errors or warnings on compile.

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  • How can I build pyv8 from source on FreeBSD against the v8 port?

    - by Utkonos
    I am unable to build pyv8 from source on FreeBSD. I have installed the /usr/ports/lang/v8 port, and I'm running into the following error. It seems that pyv8 wants to build v8 itself even though v8 is already built and installed. How can I point pyv8 to the already installed location of v8? # python setup.py build Found Google v8 base on V8_HOME , update it to the latest SVN trunk at running build ==================== INFO: Installing or updating GYP... -------------------- INFO: Check out GYP from SVN ... DEBUG: make dependencies ERROR: Check out GYP from SVN failed: code=2 DEBUG: "Makefile", line 43: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 45: Need an operator "Makefile", line 46: Need an operator "Makefile", line 48: Need an operator "Makefile", line 50: Need an operator "Makefile", line 52: Need an operator "Makefile", line 54: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 56: Need an operator "Makefile", line 58: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 60: Need an operator "Makefile", line 62: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 64: Need an operator "Makefile", line 66: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 68: Need an operator "Makefile", line 70: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 72: Need an operator "Makefile", line 73: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 75: Need an operator "Makefile", line 77: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 79: Need an operator "Makefile", line 81: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 83: Need an operator "Makefile", line 85: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 87: Need an operator "Makefile", line 89: Need an operator "Makefile", line 91: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 93: Need an operator "Makefile", line 95: Need an operator "Makefile", line 97: Need an operator "Makefile", line 99: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 101: Need an operator "Makefile", line 103: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 105: Need an operator "Makefile", line 107: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 109: Need an operator "Makefile", line 111: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 113: Need an operator "Makefile", line 115: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 117: Need an operator Error expanding embedded variable. ==================== INFO: Patching the GYP scripts INFO: patch the Google v8 build/standalone.gypi file to enable RTTI and C++ Exceptions ==================== INFO: building Google v8 with GYP for x64 platform with release mode -------------------- INFO: build v8 from SVN ... DEBUG: make verifyheap=off component=shared_library visibility=on gdbjit=off liveobjectlist=off regexp=native disassembler=off objectprint=off debuggersupport=on extrachecks=off snapshot=on werror=on x64.release ERROR: build v8 from SVN failed: code=2 DEBUG: "Makefile", line 43: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 45: Need an operator "Makefile", line 46: Need an operator "Makefile", line 48: Need an operator "Makefile", line 50: Need an operator "Makefile", line 52: Need an operator "Makefile", line 54: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 56: Need an operator "Makefile", line 58: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 60: Need an operator "Makefile", line 62: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 64: Need an operator "Makefile", line 66: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 68: Need an operator "Makefile", line 70: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 72: Need an operator "Makefile", line 73: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 75: Need an operator "Makefile", line 77: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 79: Need an operator "Makefile", line 81: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 83: Need an operator "Makefile", line 85: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 87: Need an operator "Makefile", line 89: Need an operator "Makefile", line 91: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 93: Need an operator "Makefile", line 95: Need an operator "Makefile", line 97: Need an operator "Makefile", line 99: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 101: Need an operator "Makefile", line 103: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 105: Need an operator "Makefile", line 107: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 109: Need an operator "Makefile", line 111: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 113: Need an operator "Makefile", line 115: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 117: Need an operator Error expanding embedded variable. The files that are installed by the v8 port are the following (in /usr/local): bin/d8 include/v8.h include/v8-debug.h include/v8-preparser.h include/v8-profiler.h include/v8-testing.h include/v8stdint.h lib/libv8.so lib/libv8.so.1

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  • Smooth animation when using fixed time step

    - by sythical
    I'm trying to implement the game loop where the physics is independent from rendering but my animation isn't as smooth as I would like it to be and it seems to periodically jump. Here is my code: // alpha is used for interpolation double alpha = 0, counter_old_time = 0; double accumulator = 0, delta_time = 0, current_time = 0, previous_time = 0; unsigned frame_counter = 0, current_fps = 0; const unsigned physics_rate = 40, max_step_count = 5; const double step_duration = 1.0 / 40.0, accumulator_max = step_duration * 5; // information about the circ;e (position and velocity) int old_pos_x = 100, new_pos_x = 100, render_pos_x = 100, velocity_x = 60; previous_time = al_get_time(); while(true) { current_time = al_get_time(); delta_time = current_time - previous_time; previous_time = current_time; accumulator += delta_time; if(accumulator > accumulator_max) { accumulator = accumulator_max; } while(accumulator >= step_duration) { if(new_pos_x > 1330) velocity_x = -15; else if(new_pos_x < 70) velocity_x = 15; old_pos_x = new_pos_x; new_pos_x += velocity_x; accumulator -= step_duration; } alpha = accumulator / static_cast<double>(step_duration); render_pos_x = old_pos_x + (new_pos_x - old_pos_x) * alpha; al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(20, 20, 40)); // clears the screen al_draw_textf(font, al_map_rgb(255, 255, 255), 20, 20, 0, "current_fps: %i", current_fps); // print fps al_draw_filled_circle(render_pos_x, 400, 15, al_map_rgb(255, 255, 255)); // draw circle // I've added this to test how the program will behave when rendering takes // considerably longer than updating the game. al_rest(0.008); al_flip_display(); // swaps the buffers frame_counter++; if(al_get_time() - counter_old_time >= 1) { current_fps = frame_counter; frame_counter = 0; counter_old_time = al_get_time(); } } I have added a pause during the rendering part because I wanted to see how the code would behave when a lot of rendering is involved. Removing it makes the animation smooth but then I'll have to make sure that I don't let the frame rate drop too much and that doesn't seem like a good solution. I've been trying to fix this for a week and have had no luck so I'd be very grateful if someone can read through my code. Thank you! Edit: I added the following code to work out the actual velocity (pixels per second) of the ball each time the ball is rendered and surprisingly it's not constant so I'm guessing that's the issue. I'm not sure why it's not constant. alpha = accumulator / static_cast<double>(step_duration); render_pos_x = old_pos_x + (new_pos_x - old_pos_x) * alpha; cout << (render_pos_x - old_render_pos) / delta_time << endl; old_render_pos = render_pos_x;

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  • Working with operator[] and operator=

    - by calebthorne
    Given a simple class that overloads the '[ ]' operator: class A { public: int operator[](int p_index) { return a[p_index]; } private: int a[5]; }; I would like to accomplish the following: void main() { A Aobject; Aobject[0] = 1; // Problem here } How can I overload the assignment '=' operator in this case to work with the '[ ]' operator?

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  • new and delete operator overloading

    - by Angus
    I am writing a simple program to understand the new and delete operator overloading. How is the size parameter passed into the new operator? For reference, here is my code: #include<iostream> #include<stdlib.h> #include<malloc.h> using namespace std; class loc{ private: int longitude,latitude; public: loc(){ longitude = latitude = 0; } loc(int lg,int lt){ longitude -= lg; latitude -= lt; } void show(){ cout << "longitude" << endl; cout << "latitude" << endl; } void* operator new(size_t size); void operator delete(void* p); void* operator new[](size_t size); void operator delete[](void* p); }; void* loc :: operator new(size_t size){ void* p; cout << "In overloaded new" << endl; p = malloc(size); cout << "size :" << size << endl; if(!p){ bad_alloc ba; throw ba; } return p; } void loc :: operator delete(void* p){ cout << "In delete operator" << endl; free(p); } void* loc :: operator new[](size_t size){ void* p; cout << "In overloaded new[]" << endl; p = malloc(size); cout << "size :" << size << endl; if(!p){ bad_alloc ba; throw ba; } return p; } void loc :: operator delete[](void* p){ cout << "In delete operator - array" << endl; free(p); } int main(){ loc *p1,*p2; int i; cout << "sizeof(loc)" << sizeof(loc) << endl; try{ p1 = new loc(10,20); } catch (bad_alloc ba){ cout << "Allocation error for p1" << endl; return 1; } try{ p2 = new loc[10]; } catch(bad_alloc ba){ cout << "Allocation error for p2" << endl; return 1; } p1->show(); for(i = 0;i < 10;i++){ p2[i].show(); } delete p1; delete[] p2; return 0; }

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  • Unique ways to use the Null Coalescing operator

    - by Atomiton
    I know the standard way of using the Null coalescing operator in C# is to set default values. string nobody = null; string somebody = "Bob Saget"; string anybody = ""; anybody = nobody ?? "Mr. T"; // returns Mr. T anybody = somebody ?? "Mr. T"; // returns "Bob Saget" But what else can ?? be used for? It doesn't seem as useful as the ternary operator, apart from being more concise and easier to read than: nobody = null; anybody = nobody == null ? "Bob Saget" : nobody; // returns Bob Saget So given that fewer even know about null coalescing operator... Have you used ?? for something else? Is ?? necessary, or should you just use the ternary operator (that most are familiar with)

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  • C++: call original definition of operator equals

    - by Luis Daniel
    I am overloading the operator equals (==) as show bellow: #include <string> #include <algorithm> bool operator == (std::string str1, std::string str2) { std::transform(str1.begin(), str1.end(), str1.begin(), ::tolower); std::transform(str2.begin(), str2.end(), str2.begin(), ::tolower); return (str1 == str2); } but, the problem appear on line return (str1 == str2), because operator == is called recursively. So, how can I call the original definition for operator equals (not the overloaded) ? Best regards

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  • Null-coalescing operator and operator && in C#

    - by abatishchev
    Is it possible to use together any way operator ?? and operator && in next case: bool? Any { get { var any = this.ViewState["any"] as bool?; return any.HasValue ? any.Value && this.SomeBool : any; } } This means next: if any is null then this.Any.HasValue return false if any has value, then it returns value considering another boolean property, i.e. Any && SomeBool

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  • Can operator<< in derived class call another operator<< in base class in c++?

    - by ivory
    In my code, Manager is derived from Employee and each of them have an operator<< override. class Employee{ protected: int salary; int rank; public: int getSalary()const{return salary;} int getRank()const{return rank;} Employee(int s, int r):salary(s), rank(r){}; }; ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Employee& e){ out << "Salary: " << e.getSalary() << " Rank: " << e.getRank() << endl; return out; } class Manager: public Employee{ public: Manager(int s, int r): Employee(s, r){}; }; ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Manager& m){ out << "Manager: "; cout << (Employee)m << endl; //can not compile, how to call function of Employee? return out; } I hoped cout << (Employee)m << endl; would call ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Employee& e), but it failed.

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  • Implementing operator< in C++

    - by Vulcan Eager
    I have a class with a few numeric fields such as: class Class1 { int a; int b; int c; public: // constructor and so on... bool operator<(const Class1& other) const; }; I need to use objects of this class as a key in an std::map. I therefore implement operator<. What is the simplest implementation of operator< to use here?

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  • The ternary (conditional) operator in C

    - by Bongali Babu
    What is the need for the conditional operator? Functionally it is redundant, since it implements an if-else construct. If the conditional operator is more efficient than the equivalent if-else assignment, why can't if-else be interpreted more efficiently by the compiler?

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  • Overloading assignment operator in C++

    - by jasonline
    As I've understand, when overloading operator=, the return value should should be a non-const reference. A& A::operator=( const A& ) { // check for self-assignment, do assignment return *this; } It is non-const to allow non-const member functions to be called in cases like: ( a = b ).f(); But why should it return a reference? In what instance will it give a problem if the return value is not declared a reference, let's say return by value?

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  • Why does operator<< not work with something returned by operator-?

    - by Felix
    Here's a small test program I wrote: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: int val; A(int _val=0):val(_val) { } A operator+(A &a) { return A(val + a.val); } A operator-(A &a) { return A(val - a.val); } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &, A &); }; ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, A &a) { out<<a.val; return out; } int main() { A a(3), b(4), c = b - a; cout<<c<<endl; // this works cout<<(b-a)<<endl; // this doesn't return 0; } I can't seem to get why the line marked "this works" works and the one marked "this doesn't" doesn't. When I try to compile the program with the cout<<(b-a); line, here's what I get: [felix@the-machine C]$ g++ test.cpp test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test.cpp:26:13: error: no match for ‘operator<<’ in ‘std::cout << b.A::operator-(((A&)(& a)))’ /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:108:7: note: candidates are: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:117:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type = std::basic_ios<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:127:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:165:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:169:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:173:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(bool) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:91:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:180:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:105:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:191:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:200:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:204:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:209:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:213:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(float) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:221:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:225:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(const void*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:119:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type = std::basic_streambuf<char>] test.cpp:18:11: note: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, A&) [felix@the-machine C]$ Quite nasty.

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  • C# Conditional Operator Not a Statement?

    - by abelenky
    I have a simple little code fragment that is frustrating me: HashSet<long> groupUIDs = new HashSet<long>(); groupUIDs.Add(uid)? unique++ : dupes++; At compile time, it generates the error: Only assignment, call, increment, decrement, and new object expressions can be used as a statement HashSet.Add is documented to return a bool, so the ternary (?) operator should work, and this looks like a completely legitimate way to track the number of unique and duplicate items I add to a hash-set. When I reformat it as a if-then-else, it works fine. Can anyone explain the error, and if there is a way to do this as a simple ternary operator?

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  • conditional operator in C question

    - by Seephor
    I just have a quick question about the conditional operator. Still a budding programmer here. I am given x = 1, y = 2, and z = 3. I want to know, why after this statement: y += x-- ? z++ : --z; That y is 5. The values after the statement are x = 0, y = 5, and z = 4. I know the way the conditional operator works is that it is formatted like this: variable = condition ? value if true : value if false. For the condition, y += x-- , how does y become 5? I can only see 2 (2 += 0) and 3 (2 += 1)(then x-- becomes zero) as possibilities. Any help is much appreciated. :)

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  • Operator Overloading in C++ as int + obj

    - by Azher
    Hi Guys, I have following class:- class myclass { size_t st; myclass(size_t pst) { st=pst; } operator int() { return (int)st; } int operator+(int intojb) { return int(st) + intobj; } }; this works fine as long as I use it like this:- char* src="This is test string"; int i= myclass(strlen(src)) + 100; but I am unable to do this:- int i= 100+ myclass(strlen(src)); Any idea, how can I achieve this?? Thanks in advance. Regards,

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  • What do you think about ??= operator in C#?

    - by TN
    Do you think that C# will support something like ??= operator? Instead of this: if (list == null) list = new List<int>(); It might be possible to write: list ??= new List<int>(); Now, I could use (but it seems to me not well readable): list = list ?? new List<int>();

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  • Java conditional operator ?: result type

    - by Wangnick
    I'm a bit puzzled about the conditional operator. Consider the following two lines: Float f1 = false? 1.0f: null; Float f2 = false? 1.0f: false? 1.0f: null; Why does f1 become null and the second statement throws a NullPointerException? Langspec-3.0 para 15.25 sais: Otherwise, the second and third operands are of types S1 and S2 respectively. Let T1 be the type that results from applying boxing conversion to S1, and let T2 be the type that results from applying boxing conversion to S2. The type of the conditional expression is the result of applying capture conversion (§5.1.10) to lub(T1, T2) (§15.12.2.7). So for false?1.0f:null T1 is Float and T2 is the null type. But what is the result of lub(T1,T2)? This para 15.12.2.7 is just a bit too much ... BTW, I'm using 1.6.0_18 on Windows. PS: I know that Float f2 = false? (Float) 1.0f: false? (Float) 1.0f: null; doesn't throw NPE.

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  • Ternary operator in VB.NET

    - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama
    We all know about Ternary operator in C#.NET. I am a big fan of ternary operator and I like to use it instead of using IF..Else. Those who don’t know about ternary operator please go through below link. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ty67wk28(v=vs.80).aspx Here you can see ternary operator returns one of the two values based on the condition. See following example. bool value = false;string output=string.Empty;//using If conditionif (value==true) output ="True";else output="False";//using tenary operatoroutput = value == true ? "True" : "False"; In the above example you can see how we produce same output with the ternary operator without using If..Else statement. Recently in one of the project I was working with VB.NET language and I was eager to know if there is a ternary operator equivalent there or not. After searching on internet I have found two ways to do it. IF operator which works for VB.NET 2008 and higher version and IIF operator which is there since VB 6.0. So let’s check same above example with both of this operators. So let’s create a console application which has following code. Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim value As Boolean = False Dim output As String = String.Empty ''Output using if else statement If value = True Then output = "True" Else output = "False" Console.WriteLine("Output Using If Loop") Console.WriteLine(output) output = If(value = True, "True", "False") Console.WriteLine("Output using If operator") Console.WriteLine(output) output = IIf(value = True, "True", "False") Console.WriteLine("Output using IIF Operator") Console.WriteLine(output) Console.ReadKey() End If End SubEnd Module As you can see in the above code I have written all three-way to condition check using If.Else statement and If operator and IIf operator. You can see that both IIF and If operator has three parameter first parameter is the condition which you need to check and then another parameter is true part of you need to put thing which you need as output when condition is ‘true’. Same way third parameter is for the false part where you need to put things which you need as output when condition as ‘false’. Now let’s run that application and following is the output as expected. That’s it. You can see all three ways are producing same output. Hope you like it. Stay tuned for more..Till then Happy Programming.

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  • Smooth Error in qplot from ggplot2

    - by Jared
    I have some data that I am trying to plot faceted by its Type with a smooth (Loess, LM, whatever) superimposed. Generation code is below: testFrame <- data.frame(Time=sample(20:60,50,replace=T),Dollars=round(runif(50,0,6)),Type=sample(c("First","Second","Third","Fourth"),50,replace=T,prob=c(.33,.01,.33,.33))) I have no problem either making a faceted plot, or plotting the smooth, but I cannnot do both. The first three lines of code below work fine. The fourth line is where I have trouble: qplot(Time,Dollars,data=testFrame,colour=Type) qplot(Time,Dollars,data=testFrame,colour=Type) + geom_smooth() qplot(Time,Dollars,data=testFrame) + facet_wrap(~Type) qplot(Time,Dollars,data=testFrame) + facet_wrap(~Type) + geom_smooth() It gives the following error: Error in [<-.data.frame(*tmp*, var, value = list(NA = NULL)) : missing values are not allowed in subscripted assignments of data frames What am I missing to overlay a smooth in a faceted plot? I could have sworn I had done this before, possibly even with the same data.

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  • Plan Operator Tuesday round-up

    - by Rob Farley
    Eighteen posts for T-SQL Tuesday #43 this month, discussing Plan Operators. I put them together and made the following clickable plan. It’s 1000px wide, so I hope you have a monitor wide enough. Let me explain this plan for you (people’s names are the links to the articles on their blogs – the same links as in the plan above). It was clearly a SELECT statement. Wayne Sheffield (@dbawayne) wrote about that, so we start with a SELECT physical operator, leveraging the logical operator Wayne Sheffield. The SELECT operator calls the Paul White operator, discussed by Jason Brimhall (@sqlrnnr) in his post. The Paul White operator is quite remarkable, and can consume three streams of data. Let’s look at those streams. The first pulls data from a Table Scan – Boris Hristov (@borishristov)’s post – using parallel threads (Bradley Ball – @sqlballs) that pull the data eagerly through a Table Spool (Oliver Asmus – @oliverasmus). A scalar operation is also performed on it, thanks to Jeffrey Verheul (@devjef)’s Compute Scalar operator. The second stream of data applies Evil (I figured that must mean a procedural TVF, but could’ve been anything), courtesy of Jason Strate (@stratesql). It performs this Evil on the merging of parallel streams (Steve Jones – @way0utwest), which suck data out of a Switch (Paul White – @sql_kiwi). This Switch operator is consuming data from up to four lookups, thanks to Kalen Delaney (@sqlqueen), Rick Krueger (@dataogre), Mickey Stuewe (@sqlmickey) and Kathi Kellenberger (@auntkathi). Unfortunately Kathi’s name is a bit long and has been truncated, just like in real plans. The last stream performs a join of two others via a Nested Loop (Matan Yungman – @matanyungman). One pulls data from a Spool (my post – @rob_farley) populated from a Table Scan (Jon Morisi). The other applies a catchall operator (the catchall is because Tamera Clark (@tameraclark) didn’t specify any particular operator, and a catchall is what gets shown when SSMS doesn’t know what to show. Surprisingly, it’s showing the yellow one, which is about cursors. Hopefully that’s not what Tamera planned, but anyway...) to the output from an Index Seek operator (Sebastian Meine – @sqlity). Lastly, I think everyone put in 110% effort, so that’s what all the operators cost. That didn’t leave anything for me, unfortunately, but that’s okay. Also, because he decided to use the Paul White operator, Jason Brimhall gets 0%, and his 110% was given to Paul’s Switch operator post. I hope you’ve enjoyed this T-SQL Tuesday, and have learned something extra about Plan Operators. Keep your eye out for next month’s one by watching the Twitter Hashtag #tsql2sday, and why not contribute a post to the party? Big thanks to Adam Machanic as usual for starting all this. @rob_farley

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