I know there are quite a few continuous collision detection algorithms out there , but I can't find a list or summary of different 2D techniques; only tutorials on specific algorithms.

What techniques are out there for calculating when different 2D bodies will collide and what are the advantages / disadvantages of each?

I say techniques and not algorithms because I have not yet decided on how I will store different polygons which might be concave or even have holes. I plan to make a decision on this based on what the algorithm requires (for instance if an algorithm breaks down a polygon into triangles or convex shapes I will simply store the polygon data in this form).