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• Can I use Cygwin as a replacement for Ubuntu, for bash script testing?

  - by Jeroen De Meerleer

  Next wednesday i'm having an exam on Operating Systems. In this exam there will also be a part bash-scripting. The teacher itself will test the scripts in a Virtual Machine running Ubuntu. Myself, however, I'm having serious troubles with running the latest Ubuntu (14.04 LTS) on a Virtual Machine (there are troubles with gnome running very slow). So I'm thinking about using Cygwin, which is doing the job great for another course. The teacher already confirmed I can use that, but I'm thinking he doesn't know it at all. I've already tested the scripts we made in class and they're all running without errors. But I'm quite sure there are some things I have to mind on. My question: would you use Cygwin as a replacement for the Ubuntu VM? Or should I stick it with the VM (maybe by using a different config/platform).

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• blocking port 80 via iptables

  - by JoyIan Yee-Hernandez

  I'm having problems with iptables. I am trying to block port 80 from the outside, basically plan is we just need to Tunnel via SSH then we can get on the GUI etc. on a server I have this in my rule: Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 28145 packets, 14M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP tcp -- * eth1 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 state NEW,ESTABLISHED And Chain INPUT (policy DROP 41 packets, 6041 bytes) 0 0 DROP tcp -- eth1 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 state NEW,ESTABLISHED Any guys wanna share some insights?

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• How to stop LDAP authentication in ubuntu?

  - by Kery

  My OS is Ubuntu 12.04 and use LDAP authentication. Now I meet a problem that another people want to access my system. But he is in another domain so he can't login. And I have no right to change this configuration in LDAP server. So I have to choose a workaround to solve this problem, for example close the LDAP authentication and use local authentication (I have root right in my system) or create another account which is not registered in LDAP server (I did this but can't change the created account password. The error is 'password reset by root is not supported'). Of course any other suggestion is appreciated! Than you in advance!

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• How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

  - by intuited

  I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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• What is the best vfat driver for FUSE?

  - by Vi

  FUSE filesystem list show some FuseFat and FatFuse. One is 404 not found, others is old, not buildable and probably depends on glib. Now I'm using mountlo for the task (mounting USB drives in generic way without root access or suid things (except of fusermount itself), but it looks too big for such task. Is there good vfat FUSE driver?

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• How do I symlink binaries under /usr/local/util to the default searchable /bin ?

  - by apache

  There are multiple binaries under /usr/local/util so I don't want to do it by running ln -s /bin/util_i /usr/local/util/util_i multiple times. Anyway,what I want to achieve is that I don't need to type /usr/local/util/ to run binaries under it.

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• Almost All Logical Volumes Disappeared - Recovery?

  - by Alex

  We had a hard disc crash of one of two hard discs in a software raid with a LVM on top. The server is running Citrix xenserver. On the hard disk which is still intact, the volume group gets detected well, but only one LV is left. (some hashes replaced by "x") # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae LV UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-vQmZ6C LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MiB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 root@rescue ~ # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 698.62 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 178848 Alloc PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB Free PE / Size 178847 / 698.62 GiB VG UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-53w0kL I could understand if a full physical volume is lost - but why only the logical volumes? Is there any explanation for this? Is there any way to recover the logical volumes? EDIT We are here in a rescue system. The problem is that the whole server does not boot (GRUB error 22) What we are trying to do is to access the root filesystem. But everything was in the LVM. We have only this: (parted) print Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 750GB 750GB primary boot, lvm And this 750GB LVM volume is exactly what we see on top.

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• Virtualhost one https site, the rest http

  - by RJP1

  I have a linode server with Apache2 running a handful of sites with virtualhosting. All sites work fine on port 80, but one site has a ssl certificate and also runs okay. My problem is as follows: The non-https sites, if visiting https://domain.com - show the contents of the only secure site... Is there a way of disabling the *:443 match for these non-secure sites? Thanks! EDIT (more information): Here's a typical config in sites-available for a normal insecure http site: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.insecure.com ServerAlias insecure.com ... </VirtualHost> The secure https site is as follows: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.secure.com Redirect permanent / https://secure.com/ </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName secure.com RedirectMatch permanent ^/(.*) https://secure.com/$1 </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all SSLCertificateChainFile ... SSLCertificateFile ... SSLCertificateKeyFile ... SSLCACertificateFile ... ServerName secure.com ServerAlias secure.com ... </VirtualHost> So, visiting: http:/insecure.com - works http:/www.insecure.com - works http:/secure.com - redirects to https:/secure.com - works http:/www.secure.com - redirects to https:/secure.com - works https:/insecure.com - shows https:/secure.com - WRONG!

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• File command output is different for same file on diff machine

  - by Coka

  I get different output of file command on same file(checked inode) from different machines. One of the machines is with suse10 sp3 and the another - rhel4. machine1>file x.tcl x.tcl: ASCII English text machin2>file x.tcl x.tcl: data Even in vi editor same file look different from different machine. Any clue? One more thing - there's third machine suse10 sp3 works fine. Is this machine issue?

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• SDcard /dev/sdb2 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here

  - by user171223

  I divided my sdcard into 2 partitions, but It got an error and couldn't create a new partition. Error: /dev/sdb2 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here! My /dev/sdb was not mounted, and the output of command lsblk was: cxphong@cxphong:~/Desktop$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 118.8G 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 147.7G 0 part /media/DATA +-sda3 8:3 0 137.1G 0 part +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 1023M 0 part [SWAP] +-sda6 8:6 0 61.2G 0 part / sdb 8:16 1 3.7G 0 disk +-sdb1 8:17 1 70.6M 0 part +-sdb2 8:18 1 3.6G 0 part +-sdb1 (dm-0) 252:0 0 70.6M 0 part +-sdb2 (dm-1) 252:1 0 3.6G 0 part I couldn't delete /dev/sdb1 (dm-0) & /dev/sdb2 (dm-1). What are they?

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• Checkpoint - Routing into the tunnel

  - by Fake4d

  I have a simple question for my checkpoint infrastructure. Do i have to route a net which i wanna access over a configured firewall VPN Tunnel. Explanation: I have two firewalls connected over a VPN which have several nets behind them. I need to access a new net at the other firewall and put them in their encryption Domain. Now here is the question: Do i have to route it in the operating system (SecurePlat)? Thanks!

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• Puppet: is it ok to "force" certname when you expect to shuffle nodes around?

  - by Luke404

  We all know (good example on SF) that Puppet hostname detection could be... fun. At our company (and I guess we're not alone at this) we usually pre-configure servers at our offices and test them before bringing the gear to a remote datacenter and rack them. Of course the reverse dns will change when doing that, even if we don't change the actual hostname of the system. We're slowly drafting our puppet setup and I'd like to be sure those moves won't create problems. My idea is to explicitly configure the desired full FQDN of the system as certname in puppet.conf at server provision time (before the very first puppet run). My process would look something like this: basic o.s. installation basic network configuration, enough to reach the internet and resolve dns install puppet and set up certname start puppet and let him manage the whole configuration test, fix problems in config (via puppet), re-test, and so on... manually stop puppet set up new network configuration for the datacenter network move the machine to DC turn it on puppet should automatically start and keep on doing its job The process is supported by detecting the environment in puppet's manifests (eg. based on subnet, like they do at Wikimedia) and modify configuration as needed (eg. resolv.conf contents appropriate for each network). Each node's certname will never change for the whole system life cycle. Is there any problem with this approach? Could it be improved?

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• Samba domain controller: remove 1 Windows client

  - by K B

  my domain is controlled by a Samba domain controller running on openSUSE 11.3. It manages other openSUSE boxes and some Windows 7 boxes. Now one harddisk of a Windows 7 computer crashed and I had to reinstall. I wasn't able to get the computer name ("Win26") of the broken PC out of the domain and so I couldn't add the reinstalled "Win26" to the domain again. So how can I remove the entry of the old "Win26" computer out of the domain controller, so that I can add the new "Win26" to the domain again? Is it one configuration file I have to edit and restart Samba? Which file would this be? Thanks in advance for your help! Regards, KB

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• Multiple network cards, controlling where my traffic goes

  - by thefinn93

  This is an Ubuntu 12.04 server install. I have multiple network cards, eth0 and eth1 lets call them. eth0 is connected to the internet, and all of my traffic goes through it, until eth1 gets plugged in. Then the machine tries to send everything through eth1, which for various and sundry reasons does not go out to the Interent. The only traffic it doesn't send through eth1 is traffic on eth0's subnet. It also will not accept inbound connections on eth0 from outside of eth0's subnet. I'd like all outbound traffic to go out eth0, but I'd like incoming connections from to either card from any subnet to work.

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• How expensive is a hostname in htaccess? Other solutions possible?

  - by Nanne

  For easy allow or disallowing of dynamic IP-adresses you can add them as a hostname in a .htaccess file. As I have read from: .htaccess allow from hostname? it does a reverse lookup on the connecting ip address, seeing if the response matches the allowed name. (Well, actually Apache is doing a double lookup, first a reverse lookup and then a forward lookup on the result of the reverse.) This is the reason we are currently not using dynamic-ip hostnames in the .htaccess: this "sounds" quite heavy: 2 extra lookups for every request. Is this indeed quite heavy, and would a reasonably busy server that is rather looking for less then more load get away with this :)? (e.g.: how does this 'load' compare to the rest? If a request is 1000 times more expensive then the lookups it might be negligible. otoh, it could be that final straw :) ) Are there other solutions? I can write a script that does a lookup of the hostname and put it in .htaccess files ofcourse, but this feels a bit like a hack.

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• Is there any way I can add alternative key binding to a feature in compiz?

  - by vava

  I was wondering is there any way to add additional, alternative key binding to a particular feature in compiz? I am using Wall plugin and on my ThinkPad it is convenient to switch between horizontal workspaces with media buttons for browser navigation. But there just two of them, so I have to use completely different combinations to switch between workspaces vertically and that would very helpful if I can also use similar kind of combination to switch horizontally as well in addition to those media buttons. Is there a way maybe to send a message to the compiz to execute particular command? That would solve the issue.

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• Allow outgoing connections for DNS

  - by Jimmy

  I'm new to IPtables, but I am trying to setup a secure server to host a website and allow SSH. This is what I have so far: #!/bin/sh i=/sbin/iptables # Flush all rules $i -F $i -X # Setup default filter policy $i -P INPUT DROP $i -P OUTPUT DROP $i -P FORWARD DROP # Respond to ping requests $i -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT # Force SYN checks $i -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Drop all fragments $i -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Drop XMAS packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Drop NULL packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Stateful inspection $i -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow established connections $i -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback $i -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $i -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Open nginx $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Open SSH $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT However I've locked down my outgoing connections and it means I can't resolve any DNS. How do I allow that? Also, any other feedback is appreciated. James

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• Url rewrite rule

  - by vvr

  How to redirect a page form show.php?id=(15charstring) to show/(15charstring) I tried like this it is doing reverse means it is redirecting /show/(15chars) to show.php?id=(15chars) RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^/show/([a-zA-Z0-9]{15})$ http://site.com/show.php?id=$1 Second case is i have to redirect to another page if he added &m=true to the url show.php?id=(15chars)&m=true html/show.php?id=(15chars).

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• sudoer scheme to allow useful access to another web developer yet retain future control of a virtual

  - by Tchalvak

  Background: Virtual Private Server I have a virtual private server that I'm looking to host multiple websites on, and provide access to another web developer. I don't care about putting too many constraints on him, though I wouldn't mind isolating the site that he'll be developing from other sites on the server that I will develop. The problem: retain control Mainly what I want is to make sure that I retain control over the server in the future. I want to reserve the ability to create/promote/demote and other administrative functions that don't deal with web software. If I make him an admin, he can sudo su - and become root and remove root control from me, for example. I need him not to be able to: take away other admin permissions change the root password have control over other security/administrative functions I would like him to still be able to: install software (through apt-get) restart apache access mysql configure mysql/apache reboot edit web development configuration type files in /etc/ Other Standard Setups would be happily considered I've never really set up a good sudoers file, so simple example setups would be very useful, even if they're only somewhat similar to the settings that I'm hoping for above. Edit: I have not yet finalized permissions, so standard, useful sudo setups are certainly an option, the lists above are more what I'm hoping I can do, I don't know that that setup can be done. I'm sure that people have solved this type of problem before somehow, though, and I'd like to go with something somewhat tested as opposed to something I've homegrown.

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• push commits to git (gitolite) repository messes up file permissions (no more trac access)

  - by klemens

  already posted here so feel free to answer there. everytime i commit/push something to the git server the file permissions change (all added/edited files in the repository have no read and execute access for the group). thus trac can't access the repository. do I need to change permissions of the folder differently? chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o= -R /home/git/repositories or do i need to setup gitolite somehow to write files with different permissions??? regards, klemens

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• Is disabling password login for SSH the same as deleting the password for all users?

  - by Arsham Skrenes

  I have a cloud server with only a root user. I SSH to it using RSA keys only. To make it more secure, I wanted to disable the password feature. I know that this can be done by editing the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and changing PermitRootLogin yes to PermitRootLogin without-password. I was wondering if simply deleting the root password via passwd -d root would be the equivalent (assuming I do not create more users or new users have their passwords deleted too). Are there any security issues with one approach verses the other?

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• Tool to run same key strokes on multiple unix machines

  - by virtualvoid

  I want to run the same commands on multiple machines, I know I can do this using ssh scripting or things like clusterssh, however I don't want to install anything on the server. (Don't have the rights) What I want is to just clone the keystrokes across multiple machines e.g. run cat /etc/oratab on one window and same is run on multiple windows e.g. in putty, is there a tool to do that from a windows client.

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• iptables rule for forwarding outbound traffic

  - by Claudiu

  I am trying to forward the outbound traffic to another server. Current rule is: /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s localhost -o 91.xxx.xxx.xxx --dport 65000:65010 -j ACCEPT but when I do a iptables -L, the rule its showed like this: ACCEPT tcp -- localhost.localdomain anywhere tcp dpts:65000:65010 So I guess my rule is bad written since the "destination" column shows "anywhere" Can you help me with this?

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• Why after executing a bash file I am always back to home dir ?

  - by asksuperuser

  In my bash file I have asked to navigate to some subdir, unzip a file and stay there but when I type pwd I can see i'm always back to home dir. Why ?

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• How can I use apt-get to resolve package dependencies when there are multiple versions in the repository?

  - by user1165144

  I've package a-package.deb which depends on b-package.deb in version 1.0. Everything works fine. But now a b-package in version 1.1 gets added to the repository. I'd suspect that apt-get installs the a-package and version 1.0 of the b-package. What really happens is, that a-package won't get installed: # apt-get install a-package Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: a-package : Depends: b-package (= 1.0) but 1.1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. Is there a workaround to fix the behavior? Is there other software to use, that can handle the dependencies as defined?

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