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• Shell script to read value from a file and compare it to another one

  - by maneeshshetty

  I have a C program which puts one unique value inside a test file (it would be a two digit number). Now I want to run a shell script to read that number and then compare with my required number (e.g. 40). The comparison should deliver "equal to" or "greater". For example: The output of the C program is written into the file called c.txt with the value 36, and I want to compare it with the number 40. So I want that comparison to be "equal to" or "greater" and then echo the value "equal" or "greater".

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• Tmux installation problems

  - by RayQuang

  hI, I am trying to install the terminal multiplexer tmux on my Debian Lenny server so that I can have multiple terminals through ssh. However I have had a lot of difficulty installing it from the debian package, and by compiling it. When I try the package it says something about the wrong version of libc6, and when I compile it I get the following error: server.o: In function `server_start': server.c:(.text+0x273): undefined reference to `event_reinit' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [tmux] Error 1 Help would be very much appreciated, RayQuang

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• Verify that a cron job has completed

  - by skylarking

  Is there a command that can be run to verify that a users cron job has run successfully? Platform is Ubuntu 8.04 LTS. I have scripts in /home/useraccount/bin/ running crontab -l while logged in as user results in: # m h dom mon dow command @hourly /home/useraccount/bin/script_1 @hourly /home/locateruser/bin/script_2 I realize scripts could send email or write to a log with a timestamp, but wondering if there is just a way to verify it ran from the command line.

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• RSync over SSH hangs and fails with timeout

  - by tx2

  Client: Gentoo, GCC 4.3.4, RSync 3.0.9 Server: Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS, RSync 3.0.7 Client and server connectet through is Internet, about 2Mbps. Ping is ok. RSync called on any files in any direction hangs on random file, then, after timeout, fails with: [sender] io timeout after 30 seconds -- exiting rsync error: timeout in data send/receive (code 30) at io.c(140) [sender=3.0.9] [sender] _exit_cleanup(code=30, file=io.c, line=140): about to call exit(30) In 1/10 trys is pass correctly. I've tryed to add SSH options TcpRcvBufPoll=yes, KeepAlive=yes; disable and enable rsync compression -- no changes. How can i make rsync works properly?

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• CentOS server. What does it mean when the total used RAM does not equal the sum of RES?

  - by Michael Green

  I'm having a problem with a virtual hosted server running CentOS. In the past month a process (java based) that had been running fine started having problems getting memory when the JVM was started. One strange thing I've noticed is that when I start the process, the PID says it is using 470mb of RAM while the 'used' memory immediately drops by over a 1GB. If I run 'top', the total RES used across all processes falls short of the 'used' listed at the top by almost 700mb. The support person says this means I have a memory leak with my process. I don't know what to believe because I would expect a memory leak to simply waste the memory the process is allocated not to consume additional memory that doesn't show up using 'top'. I'm a developer and not a server guy so I'm appealing to the experts. To me, if the total RES memory doesn't add up to the total 'used' it indicates that something is wrong with my virtual server set-up. Would you also suspect a memory leaking java process in this case? If I use free before: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2097152 149264 1947888 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 149264 1947888 Swap: 0 0 0 free after: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2097152 1094116 1003036 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 1094116 1003036 Swap: 0 0 0 So it looks as though the process is using (or causing to be used) nearly 1GB of RAM. Since the process (based on top is only using 452mb, does that mean that the kernal is all of a sudden using an additional 500mb?

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• monitor power and lock screen (Ubuntu Lucid)

  - by xsznix

  Hi, I'm trying to get my screen to turn off whenever I lock my screen. I know that in Power Management, there's an option to turn off the screen after a set amount of time, and I know about xset dpms force off, but the former doesn't allow me to turn off the screen from the logout menu, and the latter only turns the screen off for a short amount of time (1 minute or so. The screen just turns back on by itself). Is there a script I can modify to change what happens when "Lock screen" from the logout menu is selected, or is there a script I can add to the panel to lock the screen and then turn the monitor off (and turning it back on when I shake the mouse or something)? Thanks.

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• securing communication between 2 Linux servers on local network for ports only they need access to

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux servers connected to each other via a cross-connect cable, forming a local network. One of the servers presents a DMZ for the other server (e.g. database server) that must be very secure. I'm restricting this question to communication between the two servers for ports that only need to be available to these servers (and no one else). Thus, communication between the two servers can be established by: (1) opening the required port(s) on both servers, and authenticating according to the applications' rules. (2) disabling IP Tables associated with the NIC cards the cross-connect cable is attached to (on both servers). Which method is more secure? In the first case, the needed ports are open to the external world, but protected by user name and password. In the second case, none of the needed ports are open to the outside world, but since the IP Tables are disabled for the NIC cards associated with the cross-connect cables, essentially all of the ports may be considered to be "open" between the two servers (and so if the server creating the DMZ is compromized, the hacker on the DMZ server could view all ports open using the cross-connect cable). Any conventional wisdom how to make the communication secure between two servers for ports only these servers need access to?

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• Accidental Extract Location - How to Clean Up?

  - by Gordon

  Sometimes I will do a command such as unzip tons_of_files.zip And I will forget to put a -d to point to a subdirectory. This causes the current folder to get filled with tons of files that are intermixed with the existing files. What is the best way to remove all these new files and/or move them to a new directory? I want to avoid having to manually examine the directory and determine if the file was part of the archive or was already present.

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• Munin "Available entropy" when using adress space layout randomization

  - by clawspoon

  Having just configured munin for statistics logging on my gentoo server (hardened profile), I am noticing that my "Available entropy" is consitently in the 200-300 range. This seems way to low, so I checked it manually using the command $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail 3544 Odd. Consistently very low values in Munin and practically filled up when checking manually. After thinking about the problem for a while I came to the conclusion that the problem is probably that I'm using Adress Space Layout Randomization which is using the entropy when running commands/programs. Since Munin runs a whole slew of programs all the entropy is used up, and Munin then measures how much entropy there is, resulting in the low values. Does anyone have any experience with this? How can this be avoided?

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• (monit) What does failure "Changed" mean

  - by bresc

  Hi, I installed monit on my server and tried to monitor nginx. check process nginx with pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid start program = "/etc/init.d/nginx start" stop program = "/etc/init.d/nginx stop" group server And I get Process 'nginx' status Changed monitoring status monitored data collected Wed Mar 24 00:37:49 2010 What does "Changed" mean? I couldn't find anything. Thx

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• rsync not writing files

  - by Cyrcle

  I'm trying to setup rsync to backup a remote directory to my local drive. I cd to the directory that I want to pull the files to, then I enter: rsync -vrtW [email protected]:~/public_html I enter the password then it starts running. I get all the files listed, but none of them actually transfer. What am I missing? Thanks

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• What is the bash syntax to create a new directory in the directory above?

  - by mozerella

  I aim to make a script for mogrify. The mogrify command will resize images in a directory and put the resized images into a directory on the same directory level, with the same name as the work directory, but with a suffix (_a). The new directory will be moved to another collection later on. Something like this, #!/bin/bash mkdir ../n_a for file in *{.JPG|.jpg}; do mogrify -path ../n_a -resize 1200x1200 -quality 96;done I'm guessing ../ denotes the parent dir when working in a child directory, but I need help here. Edit: "n" needs to be replaced with the syntax for the working directory name. Sorry there was a typo as well third script line, should have read n not x Edit2: This script does exactly what I need and it's silent. #!/bin/bash DEST="../${PWD##*/}_a" mkdir -p $DEST mogrify -path $DEST -resize 1200x1200 -quality 96 *.jpg *.JPG thanks to vgoff for the correct PWD syntax and cesareriva http://www.cesareriva.com/archives/722 for showing me the DEST function. Something else: ${PWD##*/}_a is not caring for spaces in the directory name and the script fails. An empty dir is created in the same dir as the images. Found it out now, it needs quotations on the $DEST too, presumably to help mkdir create the dir with a space in the name, and mogrify to write the files to the right place, like this #!/bin/bash DEST="../${PWD##*/}_a" mkdir -p "$DEST" mogrify -path "$DEST" -resize 1200x1200 -quality 96 *.jpg *.JPG

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• Is there any way I can add alternative key binding to a feature in compiz?

  - by vava

  I was wondering is there any way to add additional, alternative key binding to a particular feature in compiz? I am using Wall plugin and on my ThinkPad it is convenient to switch between horizontal workspaces with media buttons for browser navigation. But there just two of them, so I have to use completely different combinations to switch between workspaces vertically and that would very helpful if I can also use similar kind of combination to switch horizontally as well in addition to those media buttons. Is there a way maybe to send a message to the compiz to execute particular command? That would solve the issue.

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• Apache configuration FollowSymlinks- Apply to php scripts?

  - by Josh

  I have Options set to none for my webroot directory. I also have a symmlink /var/coderoot - /var/webroot/coderoot In the php script I can do include("/var/coderoot/file"); and it works fine. Regardless of the option (yes I save and restart apache.) Does follow symlinks only apply to symlinks used in a certain way? Is there a performance loss using the include with a symmlink?

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• Gentoo+urxvt+terminus: How do I change font version?

  - by gaidal

  In my Debian installation I can type extended ASCII characters such as åäö by default using the terminus font, however in Gentoo I can't get it to work so far. Nothing happens when I hit those keys, like in this thread: Missing glyphs in Terminus font, how to setup a fallback font ? But in this case I know terminus supports those characters in at least some of its versions, since it's works in Debian. So what I want is to find out how to see and choose which of the many different terminus font files is being used. I set the font in the same way on both Debian and Gentoo, using URxvt*font: xft:terminus:size=xx in .Xdefaults. Both systems use en_US.UTF-8 as default locale.

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• VPS, what to install next?

  - by Camran

  I have my VPS now, with ubuntu 9.10 OS. I wonder about SSH. What is it for, and how do I use it? Also, in which order should I install apps on my server? (ex: PuTTY, IPTABLES, LAMP etc...)? Thanks

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• Darkstat unable to show recent statistics.

  - by Caterpillar

  Hello All.. We have a debian machine running with firewall / gateway. We have deployed darkstat on it. When we installed darkstat it was showing statistics properly. After few days it stopped showing recent statistics. The data was getting appended to existing one. Please anyone tell me what could be the problem. Thanks In Advance.

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• What can inexperienced admin expect after server setup completed seemingly fine? [closed]

  - by Miloshio

  Inexperienced person seems to have done everything fine so far. This is his very first time that he is the only one in charge for LAMP server. He has installed OS, network, Apache, PHP, MySQL, Proftpd, MTA & MDA software, configured VirtualHosts properly (facts because he calls himself admin), done user management and various configuration settings with respect to security recommendations and... everything is fine for now... For now. If you were directing horror movie for server admin above mentioned what would you make up for boogieman that showed up and started to pursue him? Omitting hardware disaster cases for which one cannot do anything 'from remote', what is the most common causes of server or part-of-server or server-related significant failure when managed by inexperienced admin? I have in mind something that is newbie admins very often missing which is leading to later intervention of someone with experience? May that be some uncontrolled CPU-eating leftover process, memory-related glitch, widely-used feature that messes up something unexpected on anything like that? Newbie admin for now only monitors disk-space and RAM usage, and number of running processes. He would appreciate any tips regarding what's probably going to happen to his server over time.

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• How to fix Ubuntu 10.10 black screen from terminal?

  - by none

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 on an Intel Atom mainboard (Intel D945GCLF2) with CRT that has been running Ubuntu 9.x previously. Both, Desktop live CD / installer and alternate install CD cause the screen to go black (and the status LED blinks). I was able to get a bit further into the boot process with nomodeset as parameter with the Live CD, unfortunately I can't pass GRUB any parameters now that I have used the alternate Install CD by pressing 'e', it just boots. So now I have Ubuntu installed, I get a terminal with CTRL-ALT-F1 but I don't know what I need to do now or how to adjust resolution or video settings from command line.

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• free -m output, should I be concerend about this servers low memory?

  - by Michael

  This is the output of free -m on a production database (MySQL with machine. 83MB looks pretty bad, but I assume the buffer/cache will be used instead of Swap? [admin@db1 www]$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 16053 15970 83 0 122 5343 -/+ buffers/cache: 10504 5549 Swap: 2047 0 2047 top ouptut sorted by memory: top - 10:51:35 up 140 days, 7:58, 1 user, load average: 2.01, 1.47, 1.23 Tasks: 129 total, 1 running, 128 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.5%us, 1.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 60.2%id, 31.5%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.5%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16439060k total, 16353940k used, 85120k free, 122056k buffers Swap: 2096472k total, 104k used, 2096368k free, 5461160k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 20757 mysql 15 0 10.2g 9.7g 5440 S 29.0 61.6 28588:24 mysqld 16610 root 15 0 184m 18m 4340 S 0.0 0.1 0:32.89 sysshepd 9394 root 15 0 154m 8336 4244 S 0.0 0.1 0:12.20 snmpd 17481 ntp 15 0 23416 5044 3916 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.32 ntpd 2000 root 5 -10 12652 4464 3184 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 iscsid 8768 root 15 0 90164 3376 2644 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 sshd

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• CentOS 6 init script doesn't work properly

  - by user711643

  I'm setting up my ruby production server based on CentOS 6. I need a process called god (which is a process monitoring tool) to start at boot. I'm using an init script that I found here. Just as stated in the guide I ran: chkconfig --add god and then chkconfig --level 345 god on After this if I run "service god start|restart" everything works. It loads the available configurations and brings up the related processes (if they are not running). Problem is it doesn't work at boot. If I reboot the system, then I do "ps -aux | grep god". At this point "god" is running but apparently it didn't load the configuration files. If i run again service god restart, it loads everything without problems. What am I doing wrong?

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• Linux 3.12 disponible en version stable, avec des gains de performances et une réduction de la consommation d'énergie

  Linux 3.12 disponible en version stable avec des gains de performances et une réduction de la consommation d'énergieLinux Torvalds a annoncé via un message sur LKLM (Linux Kernel Mailing List) la sortie de la version stable du noyau Linux 3.12.Au menu des améliorations, un changement dans la façon de gérer la fréquence de fonctionnement du processeur de l'ordinateur (modification de l'algorithme CPUfreq governor) permettant des gains significatifs de performances et une réduction de la consommation...

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• How does Heartbeat determine when to switch to the secondary? Can you force it to switch?

  - by John

  I've been trying to understand exactly how Heartbeat works - I understand how when one server dies, it switches to the backup. But, for me, it also switches when the primary has a large increase in workload. But, it doesn't always switch at the same value. There doesn't seem to much information on the web about how it works. The best I've found is this article. How does Heartbeat determine when to switch to the secondary, and how does it determine when it switch back to the primary? Is this an editable setting, and can I force it to switch between one and the other? Sometimes when Heartbeat will switch to the secondary, it takes a few days or I've even seen two weeks before it switches back to the primary. This is well after the primary traffic has gone down. I'm currently using BlueOnyx, and my Heartbeat settings are: Auto Failback: on Keepalive: 1 seconds Warntime: 10 seconds Deadtime: 20 seconds Initdead: 30 seconds

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• Display CPU usage separately (without root privileges)

  - by synaptik

  I need to display the CPU usage for each processing core on a single shared-memory 12-core (SMP) machine. I don't have access to install htop, else I would simply use that. I don't need fancy graphs or meters, though they would be nice. For example, simply displaying: X X X X X X X X X X X X where each X is the percentage utilization of 1 of the 12 processing cores on my machine. FYI: I know I can simply look at the utilization in "top" and divide that number by the number of cores on my machine, but I prefer a solution that shows each core separately.

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• View all files with permission 777

  - by Webnet

  Is it possible for me to view all files on the server with a specific permission?

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