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• How do I send traffic to specific IP addresses through VPN and others directly to the internet?

  - by keithwarren7

  I am running Windows 7 and using the Cisco VPN adapter to connect to a private network where I access resources starting with the IP address 172.. My problem is that when connected to the VPN all external traffic is routed through the VPN. I want to set things up so only certain IP addresses go through the VPN and everything else goes out over the local adapter and out to the internet as normal. How?

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• OpenSolaris: unable to contact repository, connected to internet via proxy

  - by John-ZFS

  Opensolaris b134: unable to set packages catalog this system is connected to internet via proxy, while this works on browser, how to make console/terminal aware? user1@opensolaris134:~# pkg set-authority -O http://pkg.opensolaris.org/dev opensolaris.org pkg set-publisher: Could not refresh the catalog for opensolaris.org user1@opensolaris134:~# pkg image-update pkg: 0/1 catalogs successfully updated: Unable to contact valid package server Encountered the following error(s): Unable to contact any configured publishers. This is likely a network configuration problem.

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• What is the equivalent of 127.255.255.255 for OS/X machines so I can test broadcast udp packets without a network?

  - by JohnPristine

  I am trying to test my program that makes use of broadcast UDP (not multicast!). In Linux, I can use the 127.255.255.255:64651 address and everything works beautifully, in other words, I send a packet to 127.255.255.255:64651 and multiple clients listening on that port get the packet. A real broadcast example! Unfortunately on my OS/X machine (Mountain Lion) the same example does not work. Is there any way I can get 127.255.255.255 to work on mac machines? Any other solution to get broadcast working on my mac machine without a network? Note: It has to be broadcast, not multicast.

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• Configuring vlans on Cisco SG200 series switch with Ubuntu server

  - by nixnotwin

  I created a vlan on Ubuntu with vconfig tool with 21 as id and eth1 as the host port. I connected eth1 to one of the ports on the swtich (GE23) as all ports trunk by default. In the webgui I created a vlan named test with the id 21 and I made GE2 are port as an access port. In port to vlan mapping I selected vlan 21 and added it port GE2 by selecting untagged option. I have assigned 192.168.1.1/24 as the ip of eth1.21 on Ubuntu. If I connect another cleint pc to GE2 port with a ip of 192.168.1.2/24 I cannot ping the server ip (192.168.1.1/24). Ping from server to client also does not work. I inspected packets that are sent out eth1 on the server and I could see the vlan 21 tag. And I connect the other end of the cable to a different Linux pc and inspected the packets but no vlan tags can be seen. What could be preventing me from getting vlans working? Edit 1 screenshots:

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• Instant connection to wireless network but delayed internet access on Mediacom with Windows 7

  - by David

  I have Mediacom cable internet and their provided modem/wireless router a Cisco DPC3825. Each of the laptops experiencing the trouble have Windows 7 64-bit. When connecting to the wireless network each computer will take a second or two to connect and then toggle from "no internet access" to "internet access" however, no websites are accessible for about five minutes after connecting. After that, there aren't any problems. It happens on all 3 of the laptops I have available and none of them have problems on any other network. It seems like my phone doesn't have the delay issue when it connects. I've power cycled the modem/router along with a DNS flush. I have some of the DNS servers manually set to Google DNS addresses and one just default. I've contacted and had Mediacom support try all its tricks. They changed the SSID and password along with resetting the thing remotely a handful of times. It was installed just this month and seemed to pass the tech's checks upon installation. Nothing in the settings has been changed, but it's been exhibiting this problem from the get go. This guy seems to be having the same problem, but no solution was posted. http://www.dslreports.com/forum/r27372861-IA-Connection-to-Mediacom-wireless-Modem-no-internet- Help greatly appreciated.

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• How should one manager external and internal DNS servers at the same time?

  - by erotsppa

  We run a mac network here in the office. We have an internal DNS server to manage the network. Everything is resolved to a local ip (for mail.mydomain.com etc). However, we also have an external DNS server for when our users are not in the office. However, isn't it a pain to have to manage two lists? Whenever you change something you have to change another? And you can't have one be a slave of another because the ip are sometimes different (for example mail.mydomain.com would point to a local ip in local dns server but an external ip in the external dns server). Any tricks?

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• Virtual guest does not have network access in cafe.

  - by blee

  My Virtualbox guest OS (Ubuntu on ubuntu host) does not connect to the internet when I have wifi access through an internet cafe system. By this, I mean where your browser redirects to an internal web page where you can enter a code. On the guest, I can successfully connect to the virtual network adapter, but I do not get internet access, nor a redirect to the internal web page. I use OpenDNS for the host. I have no problems when connecting through ethernet or regular wifi. Can someone tell me any of: 1) How to fix the problem. 2) How such cafe systems work. 3) At least point me to a technical explanation of such a cafe system so I can begin to troubleshoot. Thanks!

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• Lose internet connection, yet online games continue

  - by Mike

  For the past week or so, my internet connection has been anything but stable. Restarting my modem/router always fixes the problems, but since it has occurred so often, I'm noticing confusing patterns which I was hoping someone could help answer. My internet connection kicks out about 4-5 times a day. The sure-fire way to fix it is to restart my all-in-one modem/router. Sometimes I can diagnose the problem on my laptop which resets my wireless network adapter and fixes the problem, but not always. If that doesn't fix the problem, it usually reports that the connection between the modem and internet is the problem which requires a restart of the router. The odd thing which baffles me is that my connection is supposedly lost such that no browsers can connect to sites, yet things like online games still continue to play without issue. How is this possible? I thought maybe the game was running locally on my PC but that couldn't be the answer because I was still getting messages from other players. So my real question is: How can my internet browsers (firefox, chrome, even IE) lose connection to the internet, but other applications like online games not? Am I actually losing connection or am I mistaken? Edit: I'd also like to add that netflix on my PS3 which is directly connected to the same access point will also lose connection. So internet browsers and netflix lose their internet connection while online games continue without an issue.

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• VPN to Buffalo WHR-HP-G300N produces a Connection Error 807

  - by Darius

  My friend has modem/router from Clear and I have sent him Buffalo router to put it between his Clear device and the Network. I walked him thru establishing VPN in DD-WRT but when I try to VPN I get a VPN Connection Error 807. I am out of ideas how to solve this. Any suggestion? Clear Modem WAN: xx.xx.xx.xx Clearn Modem NAT's to: 192.168.15.XXX Clear Modem DHCP: 192.168.15.2 - 192.168.15.2 (range is limited to that of ONE ip address) Clear Modem DMZ: 192.168.15.2 the LAN of the clear modem is 192.168.15.XXX The DD-WRT IP: 192.168.4.1 Port FWD: 1723 to 192.168.4.1 PPTP server listens on 192.168.4.1 Where is the problem with this setup?

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• Cloudstack virtual machines can't communicate with virtual routers when they are on different hosts

  - by Jorge Suárez de Lis

  I'm using Cloudstack 2.2.14 on a Ubuntu 10.04 set of hosts, and I have a problem on my setup. I have two hosts running. When a virtual router is created on host 1 and a virtual machine using that virtual router is created on host 2, or vice versa, I have no connectivity at all on the virtual machine. First of all, I have to setup the network manually on that virtual machine -usually DHCP is working, but not here-. Then, I can't ping to the virtual router from the virtual machine or vice versa. When both virtual router and virtual machine are created on the same host, everything works! Maybe those packages are being filtered somehow? I have no clue on how to proceed. Both hosts can communicate directly outside the virtualization.

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• Share the DVB card on windows 7

  - by Bashar Kernel

  I have 2 computers connected to a router and I have a DVB card in one of them. I want to use the one DVB card to feed both of them. I read about it and I know that I want to share the DVB adapter with the Internet Connection Sharing on the LAN network. But when I use the connection sharing, I lose my internet access I tried to use "Bridge Connection", but then I also lost my internet access too. Can any one tell me how to fix this problem? And how to view the channels (for example how to use the VLC)?

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• Mac OS X 10.8 VPN Server: Bypass VPN for LAN traffic (routing LAN traffic to secondary connection)

  - by Dan Robson

  I have somewhat of an odd setup for a VPN server with OS X Mountain Lion. It's essentially being used as a bridge to bypass my company's firewall to our extranet connection - certain things our team needs to do require unfettered access to the outside, and changing IT policies to allow traffic through the main firewall is just not an option. The extranet connection is provided through a Wireless-N router (let's call it Wi-Fi X). My Mac Mini server is configured with the connection to this router as the primary connection, thus unfettered access to the internet via the router. Connections to this device on the immediate subnet are possible through the LAN port, but outside the subnet things are less reliable. I was able to configure the VPN server to provide IP addresses to clients in the 192.168.11.150-192.168.11.200 range using both PPTP and L2TP, and I'm able to connect to the extranet through the VPN using the standard Mac OS X VPN client in System Preferences, however unsurprisingly, a local address (let's call it internal.company.com) returns nothing. I tried to bypass the limitation of the VPN Server by setting up Routes in the VPN settings. Our company uses 13.x.x.x for all internal traffic, instead of 10.x.x.x, so the routing table looked something like this: IP Address ---------- Subnet Mask ---------- Configuration 0.0.0.0 248.0.0.0 Private 8.0.0.0 252.0.0.0 Private 12.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Private 13.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Public 14.0.0.0 254.0.0.0 Private 16.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 Private 32.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 Private 64.0.0.0 192.0.0.0 Private 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 Private I was under the impression that if nothing was entered here, all traffic was routed through the VPN. With something entered, only traffic specifically marked to go through the VPN would go through the VPN, and all other traffic would be up to the client to access using its own default connection. This is why I had to specifically mark every subnet except 13.x.x.x as Private. My suspicion is that since I can't reach the VPN server from outside the local subnet, it's not making a connection to the main DNS server and thus can't be reached on the larger network. I'm thinking that entering hostnames like internal.company.com aren't kicked back to the client to resolve, because the server has no idea that the IP address falls in the public range, since I suspect (probably should ping test it but don't have access to it right now) that it can't reach the DNS server to find out anything about that hostname. It seems to me that all my options for resolving this all boil down to the same type of solution: Figure out how to reach the DNS with the secondary connection on the server. I'm thinking that if I'm able to do [something] to get my server to recognize that it should also check my local gateway (let's say Server IP == 13.100.100.50 and Gateway IP == 13.100.100.1). From there Gateway IP can tell me to go find DNS Server at 13.1.1.1 and give me information about my internal network. I'm very confused about this path -- really not sure if I'm even making sense. I thought about trying to do this client side, but that doesn't make sense either, since that would add time to each and every client side setup. Plus, it just seems more logical to solve it on the server - I could either get rid of my routing table altogether or keep it - I think the only difference would be that internal traffic would also go through the server - probably an unnecessary burden on it. Any help out there? Or am I in over my head? Forward proxy or transparent proxy is also an option for me, although I have no idea how to set either of those up. (I know, Google is my friend.)

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• How to connect a VM running on an ESXi host to that host via a VMKernel NIC?

  - by Zac B

  Say I have an ESXi (5.0) host that runs a Linux distribution which hosts iSCSI targets, which contain the images for other VMs which the host will run. When it's used, I'll start the host first, then the iSCSI server, and then refresh all storage targets/HBAs in order to see the provided shares as online. I know it's a strange puzzle-box solution, but I was told to implement it. The ESXi host itself has a gigabit NIC which connects to the outside world. The guest OS (CentOS) supports VMXNet3, however, and if I can, I'd like to use its VMXNET3 NIC to host iSCSI for the ESXi host. How should I go about doing this? I went to create a new virtual network, and selected "VKernel", as it suggested that I use that type of network for SAN traffic, but it is apparently not set up for "self-hosted" SAN hosts, as the new network did not appear as an option to attach the CentOS box's VMXNET3 NIC to. How should I best connect an iSCSI host out to its "parent" ESXi host, if I need a) a 10gb connection, and (optionally) b) a VMKernel network for it?

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• VMWare ESXi virtual machine can contact the gateway but not the DNS server

  - by Nathan Palmer

  I am having a bit of a strange issue. I have a VMWare ESXi server with two virtual machines running on it. They are running just fine and can communicate on the network without a problem. I am now trying to add a third. I am installing Ubuntu 8.04 Server. I assign it a static IP address and it's a fresh installation. Once installed I can ping the gateway but I cannot ping the DNS server. It's on the same network with the other two VMs which are communicating just fine. I have tried to reinstall the operating system but it still fails to connect. Here is /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.23 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 208.67.222.222 #opendns dns-search mydomain.com Here is route Destination | Gateway | Genmask | Flags | Metric | Ref | Use | Iface localnet | * | 255.255.255.0 | U | 0 | 0 | 0 | eth0 default | 192.168.1.1 | 0.0.0.0 | UG | 100 | 0 | 0 | eth0 Since I'm running this behind a FortiGate this is what the sniff command gives me when I try to ping 208.67.222.222 arp who-has 192.168.1.1 tell 192.168.1.23 arp reply 192.168.1.1 is-at MAC 192.168.1.23 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 192.168.1.23 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 192.168.1.23 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 192.168.1.23 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 192.168.1.23 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request As you can see it looks like I never get a response. One interesting thing I notice is the arp reply's MAC doesn't look right. I have cleared the FortiGate's ARP cache though and checked the entry and it seems correct. The MAC it lists is the one for the router. However if I ping from a different virtual machine that is also Ubuntu 8.04 with a nearly identical configuration I get this. 192.168.1.22 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 208.67.222.222 -> 192.168.1.22: icmp: echo reply 192.168.1.22 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 208.67.222.222 -> 192.168.1.22: icmp: echo reply 192.168.1.22 -> 208.67.222.222: icmp: echo request 208.67.222.222 -> 192.168.1.22: icmp: echo reply So, what could I be missing? Thanks.

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• Non-Airport Express wirless N router with audio server

  - by iansinke

  I'm interested in hooking up three things to a wireless router: speakers, a printer, and a hard disk. At first the obvious solution was Airport Express, but then I found out that Airport Express does not support hard disks. Any ideas as to other wireless routers that would have the requisite feature set?

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• Add power over Ethernet without new switches?

  - by dannymcc

  I need to power 16 IP phones over their Ethernet connections. I am in the process of changing our switches and only the phones need PoE, everything else is powered by mains cables. I have contacted the supplier of the phones and for 16 mains leads it will be close to £300. I know it's possible to get a PoE injector that goes between the mains and the phone but I would like to do this as tidily as possible and ideally in bulk. I imagine something that looks like a switch but doesn't actually 'switch' if that makes sense. Basically I want to inject power to 16 devices at once.

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• Losing WLAN connections but maintaining internet connections on WIndows 7 Workgroup

  - by Di

  I have 4 computers all running Windows 7 networked in a Work group through Billion 7404vgp-m wireless router.All drivers and firmware for wireless adapters and router are up to date. Windows Firewall and Defender disabled.Disconnected ipv6. Running Nod 32 anti virus software. All have own static IP address 192.XXX.X.XXX. When I Reset the router all computers have Internet and LAN access for about 1 hour and then they will lose the LAN connection but maintain Internet connection. Resetting wireless adapters or restarting computers does nothing to fix this but resetting router will. What is causing this and how do I fix it. Thanks Di

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• Setting up 802.1X wireless connection on OSX

  - by hizki

  I am an OSX user, I have Snow Leopard 10.6.5 and an updated AirPort (version 5.5.2). I am trying to connect to my university's wireless network, but it has a 802.1x security that I am having trouble defining... Here there are instructions for connecting with Windows XP, Windows 7 and Linux. Can someone please instruct me what should I do to set up this network on my Mac? I have had previous success in setting up this network, but I have no idea what I did that made it work. Since I updated my AirPort (to version 5.5.2) it worked only seldomly and very slowly... Before the update, even when it worked it never remembered my password. Update: I have already tried to create a new "location", removed all the 802.1x user profiles and all the remembered networks, and made sure the in the TCP/IP tab 'Configure IPv4' is set to "Using DHCP". I also moved /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist to my desktop in attempt to force the system to create a new set of settings. Still I can define the connection to work.

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• My site cant be accessed from certain ISPs

  - by Nuker

  I am on a VPS hosted by a company in Europe. I can access my site normally, many other people i know can as well. However in the recent days i have received reports from many other people that say they cant. They get a timed out request error page. The common denominator seems to be they all have the same ISPs. I have had reports from several different countries such as Spain, Peru, Argentine etc. What can be happening?

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• Does a router have a receiving range?

  - by Aadit M Shah

  So my dad bought a TP-Link router (Model No. TL-WA7510N) which apparently has a transmitting range of 1km; and he believes that it also has a receiving range of 1km. So he's arguing with me that the router (which is a trans-receiver) can communicate with any device in the range of 1km whether or not that device has a transmitting range of 1km. To put it graphically: +----+ 1km +----+ | |------------------------------------------------->| | | TR | | TR | | | <----| | +----+ 100m+----+ So here's the problem: The two devices are 1km apart. The first device has a transmitting range of 1km. The second device only has a transmitting range of 100m. According to my dad the two devices can talk to each other. He says that the first device has a transmitting and a receiving range of 1km which means that it can both send data to devices 1km away and receive data from devices 1km away. To me this makes no sense. If the second device can only send data to devices 100m away then how can the first device catch the transmission? He further argues that for bidirectional communication both the sender and the reciver should have overlapping areas of transmission: According to him if two devices have an overlapping area of transmission then they can communicate. Here neither device has enough transmission power to reach the other. However they have enough receiving power to capture the transmission. Obviously this makes absolutely no sense to me. How can a device sense a transmission which hasn't even reached it yet and go out, capture it and bring it back it. To me a trans-receiver only has a transmission power. It has zero receiving power. Hence for two devices to be able to communicate bidirectionally, the diagram should look like: Hence, from my point of view, both the devices should have a transmission range far enough to reach the other for bidirectional communication to be possible; but no matter how much I try to explain to my dad he adamantly disagrees. So, to put an end to this debate once and for all, who is correct? Is there even such a thing as a receiving range? Can a device fetch a transmission that would otherwise never reach it? I would like a canonical answer on this.

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• How can I share a printer and files on a Windows network over wifi

  - by Jacques

  What is the easiest way to create this setup: WiFi internet router separate in one room. Study room: Laptop with USB printer connected with wifi. My room: Laptop connected with wifi. I want to be able to print from the "My room" laptop to the "Study room" printer, and also share files between them. What is the easiest way to do this? Note, the wireless router needs to be in a separate room for both laptops to be able to connect to it. I've tried configuring homegroups and stuff to do with IP addresses that I found on the internet but have had no success. I'm not an expert with PC's but I've tried hard so there is probably just some trick to do it. If someone can help that will be great.

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• Debian/OVH: How to configure multiple Failover IP on the same Xen (Debian) Virtual Machine?

  - by D.S.

  I have a problem on a Xen virtual machine (running latest Debian), when I try to configure a second failover IP address. OVH reports that my IP is misconfigured and they complaint they receive a massive quantity of ARP packets from this IPs, so they are going to block my IP unless I fix this issue. I suspect there's a routing issue, but I don't know (and can't find any useful info on the provider's website, and their support doesn't provide me a valid solution, just bounce me to their online - useless - guides). My /etc/network/interfaces look like this: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA post-up route add 000.000.000.254 dev eth0 post-up route add default default gw 000.000.000.254 dev eth0 # Secondary NIC auto eth0:0 iface eth0:0 inet static address BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB And the routing table is: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 000.000.000.254 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 000.000.000.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 In these examples (true IP addresses are replaced by fake ones, guess why :)), 000.000.000.000 is my main server's IP address (dom0), 000.000.000.254 is the default gateway OVH recommends, AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA is the first IP Failover and BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB is the second one. I need both AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA and BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB to be publicly reachable from Internet and point to my domU, and to be able to access Internet from inside the virtual machine (domU). I am using eth0 and eth0:0 because due to OVH support, I have to assign both IPs to the same MAC address and then create a virtual eth0:0 interface for the second IP. Any suggestion? What am I doing wrong? How can I stop OVH complaining about ARP flood? Many thanks in advance, DS

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• Millions of SYN_RECV connections, no DDoS

  - by ThomK

  We have such server structure: reverse proxy (nginx) - worker (uwsgi) - postgresql / memcached. All servers are in local network behind router, with NATed external ip:ports (http/s 80/443 to proxy, and ssh 22 to all servers). Problem is, that sometimes proxy server netstat reports MILLIONS of SYN_RECV connections. From same IP / same ports. Like that: nginx ~ # netstat -n | grep 83.238.153.195 tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV [...] And this is not DDoS, because all IPs affected belongs to our website users. On side note, users says that it's not affecting them. Website is online and working, but... that particular one (from example above) told me that website is down and Firefox can't connect. I've done tcpdump. 19:42:14.826011 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:14.826042 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:17.887331 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:17.887343 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:19.065497 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:23.918064 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:23.918076 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:25.265499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.265501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.758051 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:37.758069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:40.714360 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:40.714374 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:41.665503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:46.751073 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:46.751087 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:47.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:59.865499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:01.265500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:13.320382 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:13.320399 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:16.320556 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:16.320569 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:17.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:22.250069 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:22.250080 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.665500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.865501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:35.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:37.903038 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:37.903054 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:40.772899 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:40.772912 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:41.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:46.793057 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:46.793069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:47.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:49.465503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 Anyone have some thoughts on that?

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• How to calculate CIDR notation from entries in a routing table

  - by febreezey

  I have some entries in a routing table that were created using longest prefix matching, and I have to use those entries to determine the a.b.c.d/x notation (CIDR). This is an example entry: 11001000 00010111 00010. That was calculated from the range 11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000 through 11001000 00010111 00010111 11111111. I know the range is from IP addresses 200.23.16.0 to 200.23.23.255, but getting the /x for the subnet # doesn't make sense to me. Anyone know how to properly go about calculating it?

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• Different versions of iperf for windows give totally different results

  - by Albert Mata

  Measuring TCP output from a Windows client to Solaris server: WXP SP3 with iperf 1.7.0 -- returns an average around 90Mbit Same client, same server but iperf 2.0.5 for windows -- returns an average of 8.5 Mbit Similar discrepancies have been observed connecting to other servers (W2008, W2003) It's difficult to get to some conclusions when different versions of the same tool provide vastly different results. Example below: C:\tempiperf -v (from iperf.fr) iperf version 2.0.5 (08 Jul 2010) pthreads C:\tempiperf -c solaris10 Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte (default) [ 3] local 10.172.181.159 port 2124 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.2 sec 10.6 MBytes 8.74 Mbits/sec Abysmal perfomance, but now I test from the same host (Windows XP SP3 32bit and 100Mbit) to the same server (Solaris 10/sparc 64bit and 1Gbit running iperf 2.0.5 with default window of 48k) with the old iperf C:\temp1iperf -v iperf version 1.7.0 (13 Mar 2003) win32 threads C:\temp1iperf.exe -c solaris10 -w64k Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte [1208] local 10.172.181.159 port 2128 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [1208] 0.0-10.0 sec 112 MBytes 94.0 Mbits/sec So one iperf with a 64k window says 8.75Mbit and the old iperf with the same window size says 94.0Mbit. These results are constant through repeated tests. From my testing launching iperf(old) with window size "x" and iperf(new) with window size "x" instead of producing the same or very close results produce totally different results. The only difference I see is the old compiled as win32 threads vs. pthreads but parallelism (-P 10) appears to work in both. Anyone has a clue or can recommend a tool that gives results I can trust?? EDIT: Looking at traces from (old) iperf it sets the TCP Window Scale flag to 3 in the SYN packet, when I run the (new) iperf this is set to 0 in the initial packet. A quick analysis of the window size through the exchange shows the (old) iperf moving back and forth but mostly at 32k while the (new) iperf mostly keeps at 64k. Maybe it will help somebody to connect the dots.

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