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  • function pointers callbacks C

    - by robUK
    Hello, I have started to review callbacks. I found this link: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/142789/what-is-a-callback-in-c-and-how-are-they-implemented which has a good example of callback which is very similar to what we use at work. However, I have tried to get it to work, but I have many errors. #include <stdio.h> /* Is the actual function pointer? */ typedef void (*event_cb_t)(const struct event *evt, void *user_data); struct event_cb { event_cb_t cb; void *data; }; int event_cb_register(event_ct_t cb, void *user_data); static void my_event_cb(const struct event *evt, void *data) { /* do some stuff */ } int main(void) { event_cb_register(my_event_cb, &my_custom_data); struct event_cb *callback; callback->cb(event, callback->data); return 0; } I know that callback use function pointers to store an address of a function. But there is a few things that I find I don't understand. That is what is meet by "registering the callback" and "event dispatcher"? Many thanks for any advice,

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  • What does this structure actually do?

    - by LGTrader
    I found this structure code in a Julia Set example from a book on CUDA. I'm a newbie C programmer and cannot get my head around what it's doing, nor have I found the right thing to read on the web to clear it up. Here's the structure: struct cuComplex { float r; float i; cuComplex( float a, float b ) : r(a), i(b) {} float magnitude2( void ) { return r * r + i * i; } cuComplex operator*(const cuComplex& a) { return cuComplex(r*a.r - i*a.i, i*a.r + r*a.i); } cuComplex operator+(const cuComplex& a) { return cuComplex(r+a.r, i+a.i); } }; and it's called very simply like this: cuComplex c(-0.8, 0.156); cuComplex a(jx, jy); int i = 0; for (i=0; i<200; i++) { a = a * a + c; if (a.magnitude2() > 1000) return 0; } return 1; So, the code did what? Defined something of structure type 'cuComplex' giving the real and imaginary parts of a number. (-0.8 & 0.156) What is getting returned? (Or placed in the structure?) How do I work through the logic of the operator stuff in the struct to understand what is actually calculated and held there? I think that it's probably doing recursive calls back into the stucture float magnitude2 (void) { return return r * r + i * i; } probably calls the '*' operator for r and again for i, and then the results of those two operations call the '+' operator? Is this correct and what gets returned at each step? Just plain confused. Thanks!

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  • C++ cin questions

    - by Kim
    This seems to be weird: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { cout << "function main() .." << '\n'; char ch = 0; double number_value=1.1; cin >> ch; cin.putback(ch); cin >> number_value; cout << "1 .. " << " " << cin.good() << " " << number_value << '\n'; cin >> number_value; cout << "2 .. " << " " << cin.good() << " " << number_value << '\n'; return 0; } If I input the following: 7a 1 I get the following: function main() .. 7a 1 1 .. 1 7 2 .. 0 0 I understand the: 1 .. 1 7 but why the variable number_value is 0. cin.good() shows failure so nothing would have read and the value in number_value from the previous assignment would remain. I expect the value of 7.

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  • Pthread-ed filetransfer application crash

    - by N.R.S.Sowrabh
    I am developing a file transfer application and am using pthreads on the receiver side for receiving multiple files. The function which is passed to pthreads calls the following function and at the end of this function I get a SIGABRT error and stack-smashing error appears on the terminal. Please help me find the bugs. If you need anymore code I'd be able to post the same. Thanks in advance. void recv_mesg(int new_sockid, char *fname) { cout<<"New Thread created with "<<new_sockid<<" and "<<fname<<endl; char buf[MAXLINE]; int fd; fd = open(fname, O_WRONLY ); int len =0; while (len<1024) { int curr = recv(new_sockid, buf, 1024-len, 0); //fprintf(stdout,"Message from Client:\n"); len += curr; //write (fd, buf, curr); fputs(buf, stderr); } int file_size = 0; sscanf(buf,"%d",&file_size); if(file_size<=0) perror("File Size < 0"); sprintf(buf,"Yes"); send(new_sockid,buf,strlen(buf),0); len = 0; while (len<file_size) { int curr = recv(new_sockid, buf, min(file_size-len,MAXLINE), 0); len += curr; write (fd, buf, curr); //fputs(buf, stdout); //fflush(stdout); } len = 0; close(fd); close(new_sockid); }

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  • Thread-safe data structure design

    - by Inso Reiges
    Hello, I have to design a data structure that is to be used in a multi-threaded environment. The basic API is simple: insert element, remove element, retrieve element, check that element exists. The structure's implementation uses implicit locking to guarantee the atomicity of a single API call. After i implemented this it became apparent, that what i really need is atomicity across several API calls. For example if a caller needs to check the existence of an element before trying to insert it he can't do that atomically even if each single API call is atomic: if(!data_structure.exists(element)) { data_structure.insert(element); } The example is somewhat awkward, but the basic point is that we can't trust the result of "exists" call anymore after we return from atomic context (the generated assembly clearly shows a minor chance of context switch between the two calls). What i currently have in mind to solve this is exposing the lock through the data structure's public API. This way clients will have to explicitly lock things, but at least they won't have to create their own locks. Is there a better commonly-known solution to these kinds of problems? And as long as we're at it, can you advise some good literature on thread-safe design? EDIT: I have a better example. Suppose that element retrieval returns either a reference or a pointer to the stored element and not it's copy. How can a caller be protected to safely use this pointer\reference after the call returns? If you think that not returning copies is a problem, then think about deep copies, i.e. objects that should also copy another objects they point to internally. Thank you.

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  • Crash generated during destruction of hash_map

    - by Alien01
    I am using hash_map in application as typedef hash_map<DWORD,CComPtr<IInterfaceXX>> MapDword2Interface; In main application I am using static instance of this map static MapDword2Interface m_mapDword2Interface; I have got one crash dump from one of the client machines which point to the crash in clearing this map I opened that crash dump and here is assembly during debugging > call std::list<std::pair<unsigned long const ,ATL::CComPtr<IInterfaceXX> >,std::allocator<std::pair<unsigned long const ,ATL::CComPtr<IInterfaceXX> > > >::clear > mov eax,dword ptr [CMainApp::m_mapDword2Interface+8 (49XXXXX)] Here is code where crash dump is pointing. Below code is from stl:list file void clear() { // erase all #if _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING this->_Orphan_ptr(*this, 0); #endif /* _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING */ _Nodeptr _Pnext; _Nodeptr _Pnode = _Nextnode(_Myhead); _Nextnode(_Myhead) = _Myhead; _Prevnode(_Myhead) = _Myhead; _Mysize = 0; for (; _Pnode != _Myhead; _Pnode = _Pnext) { // delete an element _Pnext = _Nextnode(_Pnode); this->_Alnod.destroy(_Pnode); this->_Alnod.deallocate(_Pnode, 1); } } Crash is pointing to the this->_Alnod.destroy(_Pnode); statement in above code. I am not able to guess it, what could be reason. Any ideas??? How can I make sure, even is there is something wrong with the map , it should not crash?

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  • Android AES and init vector

    - by Donald_W
    I have an issue with AES encryptio and decryption: I can change my IV entirely and still I'm able to decode my data. public static final byte[] IV = { 65, 1, 2, 23, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 21, 10, 11, 12, 13, 84, 45 }; public static final byte[] IV2 = { 65, 1, 2, 23, 45, 54, 61, 81, 32, 21, 10, 121, 12, 13, 84, 45 }; public static final byte[] KEY = { 0, 42, 2, 54, 4, 45, 6, 7, 65, 9, 54, 11, 12, 13, 60, 15 }; public static final byte[] KEY2 = { 0, 42, 2, 54, 43, 45, 16, 17, 65, 9, 54, 11, 12, 13, 60, 15 }; //public static final int BITS = 256; public static void test() { try { // encryption Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(KEY, "AES"); c.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, new IvParameterSpec(IV)); String s = "Secret message"; byte[] data = s.getBytes(); byte[] encrypted = c.doFinal(data); String encryptedStr = ""; for (int i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i++) encryptedStr += (char) encrypted[i]; //decryoption Cipher d_c = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); SecretKeySpec d_keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(KEY, "AES"); d_c.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, d_keySpec, new IvParameterSpec(IV2)); byte[] decrypted = d_c.doFinal(encrypted); String decryptedStr = ""; for (int i = 0; i < decrypted.length; i++) decryptedStr += (char) decrypted[i]; Log.d("", decryptedStr); } catch (Exception ex) { Log.d("", ex.getMessage()); } } Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? How can I get 256 bit AES encryption (only change key to 32-byte long array?) Encryption is a new topic for me so please for newbie friendly answers.

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  • Returning object from function

    - by brainydexter
    I am really confused now on how and which method to use to return object from a function. I want some feedback on the solutions for the given requirements. Scenario A: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which need not be modified during its lifetime. Thus, const Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { const Foo& l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } Scneraio B: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which will be modified during its lifetime. Thus, void SomeClass::GetFoo(Foo& a_Foo_ref) { a_Foo_ref = Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo; someClassPInstance-GetFoo(l_Foo); //... } I have one question here: Lets say that Foo cannot have a default constructor. Then how would you deal with that in this situation, since we cant write this anymore: Foo l_Foo Scenario C: Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } I think this is not the recommended approach since it would incur constructing extra temporaries. What do you think ? Also, do you recommend a better way to handle this instead ?

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  • What makes this "declarator invalid"? C++

    - by nieldw
    I have Vertex template in vertex.h. From my graph.h: 20 template<class edgeDecor, class vertexDecor, bool dir> 21 class Vertex; which I use in my Graph template. I've used the Vertex template successfully throughout my Graph, return pointers to Vertices, etc. Now for the first time I am trying to declare and instantiate a Vertex object, and gcc is telling me that my 'declarator' is 'invalid'. How can this be? 81 template<class edgeDecor, class vertexDecor, bool dir> 82 Graph<edgeDecor,int,dir> Graph<edgeDecor,vertexDecor,dir>::Dijkstra(vertex s, bool print = false) const 83 { 84 /* Construct new Graph with apropriate decorators */ 85 Graph<edgeDecor,int,dir> span = new Graph<edgeDecor,int,dir>(); 86 span.E.reserve(this->E.size()); 87 88 typename Vertex<edgeDecor,int,dir> v = new Vertex(INT_MAX); 89 span.V = new vector<Vertex<edgeDecor,int,dir> >(this->V.size,v); 90 }; And gcc is saying: graph.h: In member function ‘Graph<edgeDecor, int, dir> Graph<edgeDecor, vertexDecor, dir>::Dijkstra(Vertex<edgeDecor, vertexDecor, dir>, bool) const’: graph.h:88: error: invalid declarator before ‘v’ graph.h:89: error: ‘v’ was not declared in this scope I know this is probably another noob question, but I'll appreciate any help.

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  • Why MSMQ won't send a space character?

    - by cyclotis04
    I'm exploring MSMQ services, and I wrote a simple console client-server application that sends each of the client's keystrokes to the server. Whenever hit a control character (DEL, ESC, INS, etc) the server understandably throws an error. However, whenever I type a space character, the server receives the packet but doesn't throw an error and doesn't display the space. Server: namespace QIM { class Program { const string QUEUE = @".\Private$\qim"; static MessageQueue _mq; static readonly object _mqLock = new object(); static XmlSerializer xs; static void Main(string[] args) { lock (_mqLock) { if (!MessageQueue.Exists(QUEUE)) _mq = MessageQueue.Create(QUEUE); else _mq = new MessageQueue(QUEUE); } xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(string)); _mq.BeginReceive(new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0), new object(), OnReceive); while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Escape) { } } static void OnReceive(IAsyncResult result) { Message msg; lock (_mqLock) { try { msg = _mq.EndReceive(result); Console.Write("."); Console.Write(xs.Deserialize(msg.BodyStream)); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.Write(ex); } } _mq.BeginReceive(new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0), new object(), OnReceive); } } } Client: namespace QIM_Client { class Program { const string QUEUE = @".\Private$\qim"; static MessageQueue _mq; static void Main(string[] args) { if (!MessageQueue.Exists(QUEUE)) _mq = MessageQueue.Create(QUEUE); else _mq = new MessageQueue(QUEUE); ConsoleKeyInfo key = new ConsoleKeyInfo(); while (key.Key != ConsoleKey.Escape) { key = Console.ReadKey(); _mq.Send(key.KeyChar.ToString()); } } } } Client Input: Testing, Testing... Server Output: .T.e.s.t.i.n.g.,..T.e.s.t.i.n.g...... You'll notice that the space character sends a message, but the character isn't displayed.

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  • visual studio macro - copy a definition or declaration from/to .h to/from .cpp

    - by Michael
    Is it possible to do a macro that copies a definition of a function to a declaration, and also the opposite? For instance class Foo { Foo(int aParameter, int aDefaultParameter = 0); int someMethod(char aCharacter) const; }; from the .h file would be: Foo::Foo(int aParameter, int aDefaultParameter){ // } int Foo::someMethod(char aCharacter) const { return 0; } in the .cpp file. The opposite wouldn't work with the default value, but it would still be cool if it copied the declaration into the class in the header file. Also if it could return a default value as in someMethod (based on the return value from the declaration). Personally I tried to do macrocoding some year ago (I think it was around 2005) but the tutorials and documentation of macros was thin (or I hadn't searched enough). I ended up going through the examples that they had in the IDE but gave up when I figured it would take too long to learn. I would however like to give it a try again. So if there are anyone with knowledge of good tutorials or documentation that aims at Visual Studio .Net (and maybe also covers the above problem) I would probably accept that as an answer as well :)

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  • No output got after execution.

    - by wilson88
    I am still stuck with getting output for a copied vector. Probably something am not doing right. I get no output. void Auctioneer::accept_bids(const BidList& bid){ BidList list; BidList list2; BidList::const_iterator iter; copy (list.begin(),list.end(), back_inserter(list2)); for(iter=list2.begin(); iter != list2.end(); iter++) { const Bid& bid = *iter; // Get a reference to the Bid object that the iterator points to cout << "Bid id : " << bid.bidId << endl; cout << "Trd id : " << bid.trdId << endl; cout << "Quantity: " << bid.qty << endl; cout << "Price : " << bid.price << endl; cout << "Type : " << bid.type << endl; } }

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  • How to give a textbox a fixed width of 17,5 cm?

    - by Natrium
    I have an application with a textbox, and the width of the textbox on the screen must always be 17,5 centimeters on the screen of the user. This is what I tried so far: const double centimeter = 17.5; // the width I need const double inches = centimeter * 0.393700787; // convert centimeter to inches float dpi = GetDpiX(); // get the dpi. 96 in my case. var pixels = dpi*inches; // this should give me the amount of pixels textbox1.Width = Convert.ToInt32(pixels); // set it. Done. private float GetDpiX() { floar returnValue; Graphics graphics = CreateGraphics(); returnValue = graphics.DpiX; graphics.Dispose(); // don’t forget to release the unnecessary resources return returnValue; } But this gives me different sizes with different resolutions. It gives me 13 cm with 1680 x 1050 and 19,5 cm with 1024 x 768. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Test Driven Development with C++: How to test a class which depends on other classes?

    - by Nikhil
    Suppose I have a class A which depends on 3 other classes X, Y and Z, either A uses these through a reference or a pointer or say A is templated to be instantiated with X, Y and Z doesn't matter, the key is that in order to test A, I need to have X, Y and Z. So I need to have fakes for A, B and C. Suppose I write them. Now, how do I swap real and fake objects easily? I can see that this works very easily in the case of templates. In order to make it work when A depends on X, Y and Z through a reference or a pointer, I would need to have a base class say X_Interface from which I can inherit X_Real and X_Fake. So basically, I would end up in having 3 times the number of classes for every class that would need to have a fake. I am most likely missing something. There has to be a simpler way to do this. Having a base class X_Interface is also quite expensive as I will be using more space and making virtual calls. I guess I could use CRTP as I know whether its a X_Real or X_Fake at compile time but still there must be a better way.

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  • Linker error: wants C++ virtual base class destructor

    - by jdmuys
    Hi, I have a link error where the linker complains that my concrete class's destructor is calling its abstract superclass destructor, the code of which is missing. This is using GCC 4.2 on Mac OS X from XCode. I saw http://stackoverflow.com/questions/307352/g-undefined-reference-to-typeinfo but it's not quite the same thing. Here is the linker error message: Undefined symbols: "ConnectionPool::~ConnectionPool()", referenced from: AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool::~AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool()in RKConnector.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Here is the abstract base class declaration: class ConnectionPool { public: static ConnectionPool* newPool(std::string h, short p, std::string u, std::string pw, std::string b); virtual ~ConnectionPool() =0; virtual int keepAlive() =0; virtual int disconnect() =0; virtual sql::Connection * getConnection(char *compression_scheme = NULL) =0; virtual void releaseConnection(sql::Connection * theConnection) =0; }; Here is the concrete class declaration: class AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool: public ConnectionPool { protected: <snip data members> public: AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool(std::string h, short p, std::string u, std::string pw, std::string b); virtual ~AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool(); virtual int keepAlive(); // will make sure the connection doesn't time out. Call regularly virtual int disconnect(); // disconnects/destroys all connections. virtual sql::Connection * getConnection(char *compression_scheme = NULL); virtual void releaseConnection(sql::Connection * theConnection); }; Needless to say, all those members are implemented. Here is the destructor: AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool::~AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool() { printf("AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool destructor call"); // nothing to destruct in fact } and also maybe the factory routine: ConnectionPool* ConnectionPool::newPool(std::string h, short p, std::string u, std::string pw, std::string b) { return new AlwaysConnectedConnectionZPool(h, p, u, pw, b); } I can fix this by artificially making my abstract base class concrete. But I'd rather do something better. Any idea? Thanks

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  • problem with fork()

    - by john
    I'm writing a shell which forks, with the parent reading the input and the child process parsing and executing it with execvp. pseudocode of main method: do{ pid = fork(); print pid; if (p<0) { error; exit; } if (p>0) { wait for child to finish; read input; } else { call function to parse input; exit; } }while condition return; what happens is that i never seem to enter the child process (pid printed is always positive, i never enter the else). however, if i don't call the parse function and just have else exit, i do correctly enter parent and child alternatingly. full code: int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ char input[500]; pid_t p; int firstrun = 1; do{ p = fork(); printf("PID: %d", p); if (p < 0) {printf("Error forking"); exit(-1);} if (p > 0){ wait(NULL); firstrun = 0; printf("\n> "); bzero(input, 500); fflush(stdout); read(0, input, 499); input[strlen(input)-1] = '\0'; } else exit(0); else { if (parse(input) != 0 && firstrun != 1) { printf("Error parsing"); exit(-1); } exit(0); } }while(strcmp(input, "exit") != 0); return 0; }

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  • How to call a function from another class file

    - by Guy Parker
    I am very familiar with writing VB based applications but am new to Xcode (and Objective C). I have gone through numerous tutorials on the web and understand the basics and how to interact with Interface Builder etc. However, I am really struggling with some basic concepts of the C language and would be grateful for any help you can offer. Heres my problem… I have a simple iphone app which has a view controller (FirstViewController) and a subview (SecondViewController) with associated header and class files. In the FirstViewController.m have a function defined @implementation FirstViewController (void) writeToServer:(const uint8_t ) buf { [oStream write:buf maxLength:strlen((char)buf)]; } It doesn't really matter what the function is. I want to use this function in my SecondViewController, so in SecondViewController.m I import FirstViewController.h import "SecondViewController.h" import "FirstViewController.h" @implementation SecondViewController -(IBAction) SetButton: (id) sender { NSString *s = [@"Fill:" stringByAppendingString: FillLevelValue.text]; NSString *strToSend = [s stringByAppendingString: @":"]; const uint8_t *str = (uint8_t *) [strToSend cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; FillLevelValue.text = strToSend; [FirstViewController writeToServer:str]; } This last line is where my problem is. XCode tells me that FirstViewController may not respond to writeToServer. And when I try to run the application it crashes when this function is called. I guess I don't fully understand how to share functions and more importantly, the relationship between classes. In an ideal world I would create a global class to place my functions in and call them as required. Any advice gratefully received.

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  • Dynamic stack allocation in C++

    - by Poni
    I want to allocate memory on the stack. Heard of _alloca / alloca and I understand that these are compiler-specific stuff, which I don't like. So, I came-up with my own solution (which might have it's own flaws) and I want you to review/improve it so for once and for all we'll have this code working: /*#define allocate_on_stack(pointer, size) \ __asm \ { \ mov [pointer], esp; \ sub esp, [size]; \ }*/ /*#define deallocate_from_stack(size) \ __asm \ { \ add esp, [size]; \ }*/ void test() { int buff_size = 4 * 2; char *buff = 0; __asm { // allocate mov [buff], esp; sub esp, [buff_size]; } // playing with the stack-allocated memory for(int i = 0; i < buff_size; i++) buff[i] = 0x11; __asm { // deallocate add esp, [buff_size]; } } void main() { __asm int 3h; test(); } Compiled with VC9. What flaws do you see in it? Me for example, not sure that subtracting from ESP is the solution for "any kind of CPU". Also, I'd like to make the commented-out macros work but for some reason I can't.

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  • Can I specify default value?

    - by atch
    Why is it that for user defined types when creating an array of objects every element of this array is initialized with default ctor but when I create built-in type this isn't the case? And second question: is it possible to specify default value to be used while initialize? Something like this (not valid): char* p = new char[size]('\0'); And another question in this topic while I'm with arrays. I suppose that when creating an array of user defined type and knowing the fact that every elem. of this array will be initialized with default value firstly why? If arrays for built in types do not initialize their elems. with their dflts why do they do it for UDT, and secondly: is there a way to switch it off/avoid/circumvent somehow? It seems like bit of a waste if I for example have created an array with size 10000 and then 10000 times dflt ctor will be invoked and I will (later on) overwrite this values anyway. I think that behaviour should be consistent, so either every type of array should be initialized or none. And I think that the behaviour for built-in arrays is more appropriate.

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  • How to read data from file(.dat) in append mode

    - by govardhan
    We have an application which requires us to read data from a file (.dat) dynamically using deserialization. We are actually getting first object and it throws null pointer exception and "java.io.StreamCorruptedException:invalid type code:AC" when we are accessing other objects using a "for" loop. File file=null; FileOutputStream fos=null; BufferedOutputStream bos=null; ObjectOutputStream oos=null; try{ file=new File("account4.dat"); fos=new FileOutputStream(file,true); bos=new BufferedOutputStream(fos); oos=new ObjectOutputStream(bos); oos.writeObject(m); System.out.println("object serialized"); amlist=new MemberAccountList(); oos.close(); } catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); } Reading objects: try{ MemberAccount m1; file=new File("account4.dat");//add your code here fis=new FileInputStream(file); bis=new BufferedInputStream(fis); ois=new ObjectInputStream(bis); System.out.println(ois.readObject()); **while(ois.readObject()!=null){ m1=(MemberAccount)ois.readObject(); System.out.println(m1.toString()); }/*mList.addElement(m1);** // Here we have the issue throwing null pointer exception Enumeration elist=mList.elements(); while(elist.hasMoreElements()){ obj=elist.nextElement(); System.out.println(obj.toString()); }*/ } catch(ClassNotFoundException e){ } catch(EOFException e){ System.out.println("end"); } catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); }

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  • Write raw struct contents (bytes) to a file in C. Confused about actual size written

    - by d11wtq
    Basic question, but I expected this struct to occupy 13 bytes of space (1 for the char, 12 for the 3 unsigned ints). Instead, sizeof(ESPR_REL_HEADER) gives me 16 bytes. typedef struct { unsigned char version; unsigned int root_node_num; unsigned int node_size; unsigned int node_count; } ESPR_REL_HEADER; What I'm trying to do is initialize this struct with some values and write the data it contains (the raw bytes) to the start of a file, so that when I open this file I later I can reconstruct this struct and gain some meta data about what the rest of the file contains. I'm initializing the struct and writing it to the file like this: int esprime_write_btree_header(FILE * fp, unsigned int node_size) { ESPR_REL_HEADER header = { .version = 1, .root_node_num = 0, .node_size = node_size, .node_count = 1 }; return fwrite(&header, sizeof(ESPR_REL_HEADER), 1, fp); } Where node_size is currently 4 while I experiment. The file contains the following data after I write the struct to it: -bash$ hexdump test.dat 0000000 01 bf f9 8b 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0000010 I expect it to actually contain: -bash$ hexdump test.dat 0000000 01 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0000010 Excuse the newbiness. I am trying to learn :) How do I efficiently write just the data components of my struct to a file?

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  • Optimize a MySQL count each duplicate Query

    - by Onema
    I have the following query That gets the city name, city id, the region name, and a count of duplicate names for that record: SELECT Country_CA.City AS currentCity, Country_CA.CityID, globe_region.region_name, ( SELECT count(Country_CA.City) FROM Country_CA WHERE City LIKE currentCity ) as counter FROM Country_CA LEFT JOIN globe_region ON globe_region.region_id = Country_CA.RegionID AND globe_region.country_code = Country_CA.CountryCode ORDER BY City This example is for Canada, and the cities will be displayed on a dropdown list. There are a few towns in Canada, and in other countries, that have the same names. Therefore I want to know if there is more than one town with the same name region name will be appended to the town name. Region names are found in the globe_region table. Country_CA and globe_region look similar to this (I have changed a few things for visualization purposes) CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Country_CA` ( `City` varchar(75) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `RegionID` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `CountryCode` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `CityID` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`City`,`RegionID`), KEY `CityID` (`CityID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; AND CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `globe_region` ( `country_code` char(2) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `region_code` char(2) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `region_name` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`country_code`,`region_code`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci; The query on the top does exactly what I want it to do, but It takes way too long to generate a list for 5000 records. I would like to know if there is a way to optimize the sub-query in order to obtain the same results faster. the results should look like this City CityID region_name counter sheraton 2349269 British Columbia 1 sherbrooke 2349270 Quebec 2 sherbrooke 2349271 Nova Scotia 2 shere 2349273 British Columbia 1 sherridon 2349274 Manitoba 1

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  • C++ operator lookup rules / Koenig lookup

    - by John Bartholomew
    While writing a test suite, I needed to provide an implementation of operator<<(std::ostream&... for Boost unit test to use. This worked: namespace theseus { namespace core { std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } }} This didn't: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const theseus::core::PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } Apparently, the second wasn't included in the candidate matches when g++ tried to resolve the use of the operator. Why (what rule causes this)? The code calling operator<< is deep within the Boost unit test framework, but here's the test code: BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(core_image) BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_output) { using namespace theseus::core; BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE(PixelRGB(5,5,5)); // only compiles with operator<< definition inside theseus::core std::cout << PixelRGB(5,5,5) << "\n"; // works with either definition BOOST_CHECK(true); // prevent no-assertion error } BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END() For reference, I'm using g++ 4.4 (though for the moment I'm assuming this behaviour is standards-conformant).

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  • Error when linking C executable to OpenCV

    - by Ghilas BELHADJ
    I'm compiling OpenCV under Ubuntu 13.10 using cMake. i've already compiled c++ programs and they works well. now i'm trying to compile a C file using this cMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8) project (hello) find_package (OpenCV REQUIRED) add_executable (hello src/test.c) target_link_libraries (hello ${OpenCV_LIBS}) here is the test.c file: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <opencv/highgui.h> int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { IplImage* img = NULL; const char* window_title = "Hello, OpenCV!"; if (argc < 2) { fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s IMAGE\n", argv[0]); return EXIT_FAILURE; } img = cvLoadImage(argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED); if (img == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "couldn't open image file: %s\n", argv[1]); return EXIT_FAILURE; } cvNamedWindow (window_title, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); cvShowImage (window_title, img); cvWaitKey(0); cvDestroyAllWindows(); cvReleaseImage(&img); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } it returns me this error whene running cmake . then make to the project: Linking C executable hello /usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/hello.dir/src/test.c.o: undefined reference to symbol «lrint@@GLIBC_2.1» /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [hello] Erreur 1 make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/hello.dir/all] Erreur 2 make: *** [all] Erreur 2

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  • How to deal with Unicode strings in C/C++ in a cross-platform friendly way?

    - by Sorin Sbarnea
    On platforms different than Windows you could easily use char * strings and treat them as UTF-8. The problem is that on Windows you are required to accept and send messages using wchar* strings (W). If you'll use the ANSI functions (A) you will not support Unicode. So if you want to write truly portable application you need to compile it as Unicode on Windows. Now, In order to keep the code clean I would like to see what is the recommended way of dealing with strings, a way that minimize ugliness in the code. Type of strings you may need: std::string, std::wstring, std::tstring,char *,wchat_t *, TCHAR*, CString (ATL one). Issues you may encounter: cout/cerr/cin and their Unicode variants wcout,wcerr,wcin all renamed wide string functions and their TCHAR macros - like strcmp, wcscmp and _tcscmp. constant strings inside code, with TCHAR you will have to fill your code with _T() macros. What approach do you see as being best? (examples are welcome) Personally I would go for a std::tstring approach but I would like to see how would do to the conversions where they are necessary.

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