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  • Why do I get "request for member in something not a struct or union" from this code?

    - by pyroxene
    I'm trying to teach myself C by coding up a linked list. I'm new to pointers and memory management and I'm getting a bit confused. I have this code: /* Remove a node from the list and rejiggle the pointers */ void rm_node(struct node **listP, int index) { struct node *prev; struct node *n = *listP; if (index == 0) { *listP = *listP->next; free(n); return; } for (index; index > 0; index--) { n = n->next; if (index == 2) { prev = n; } } prev->next = n->next; free(n); } to remove an element from the list. If I want to remove the first node, I still need some way of referring to the list, which is why the listP arg is a double pointer, so it can point to the first element of the list and allow me to free the node that used to be the head. However, when I try to dereference listP to access the pointer to the next node, the compiler tells me error: request for member ‘next’ in something not a structure or union . What am I doing wrong here? I think I might be hopelessly mixed up..?

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  • visual studio macro - copy a definition or declaration from/to .h to/from .cpp

    - by Michael
    Is it possible to do a macro that copies a definition of a function to a declaration, and also the opposite? For instance class Foo { Foo(int aParameter, int aDefaultParameter = 0); int someMethod(char aCharacter) const; }; from the .h file would be: Foo::Foo(int aParameter, int aDefaultParameter){ // } int Foo::someMethod(char aCharacter) const { return 0; } in the .cpp file. The opposite wouldn't work with the default value, but it would still be cool if it copied the declaration into the class in the header file. Also if it could return a default value as in someMethod (based on the return value from the declaration). Personally I tried to do macrocoding some year ago (I think it was around 2005) but the tutorials and documentation of macros was thin (or I hadn't searched enough). I ended up going through the examples that they had in the IDE but gave up when I figured it would take too long to learn. I would however like to give it a try again. So if there are anyone with knowledge of good tutorials or documentation that aims at Visual Studio .Net (and maybe also covers the above problem) I would probably accept that as an answer as well :)

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  • Why are virtual methods considered early bound?

    - by AspOnMyNet
    One definition of binding is that it is the act of replacing function names with memory addresses. a) Thus I assume early binding means function calls are replaced with memory addresses during compilation process, while with late binding this replacement happens during runtime? b) Why are virtual methods also considered early bound (thus the target method is found at compile time, and code is created that will call this method)? As far as I know, with virtual methods the call to actual method is resolved only during runtime and not compile time?! thanx EDIT: 1) A a=new A(); a.M(); As far as I know, it is not known at compile time where on the heap (thus at which memory address ) will instance a be created during runtime. Now, with early binding the function calls are replaced with memory addresses during compilation process. But how can compiler replace function call with memory address, if it doesn’t know where on the heap will object a be created during runtime ( here I’m assuming the address of method a.M will also be at same memory location as a )? 2) v-table calls are neither early nor late bound. Instead there's an offset into a table of function pointers. The offset is fixed at compile time, but which table the function pointer is chosen from depends on the runtime type of the object (the object contains a hidden pointer to its v-table), so the final function address is found at runtime. But assuming the object of type T is created via reflection ( thus app doesn’t even know of existence of type T ), then how can at compile time exist an entry point for that type of object?

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  • Pthread-ed filetransfer application crash

    - by N.R.S.Sowrabh
    I am developing a file transfer application and am using pthreads on the receiver side for receiving multiple files. The function which is passed to pthreads calls the following function and at the end of this function I get a SIGABRT error and stack-smashing error appears on the terminal. Please help me find the bugs. If you need anymore code I'd be able to post the same. Thanks in advance. void recv_mesg(int new_sockid, char *fname) { cout<<"New Thread created with "<<new_sockid<<" and "<<fname<<endl; char buf[MAXLINE]; int fd; fd = open(fname, O_WRONLY ); int len =0; while (len<1024) { int curr = recv(new_sockid, buf, 1024-len, 0); //fprintf(stdout,"Message from Client:\n"); len += curr; //write (fd, buf, curr); fputs(buf, stderr); } int file_size = 0; sscanf(buf,"%d",&file_size); if(file_size<=0) perror("File Size < 0"); sprintf(buf,"Yes"); send(new_sockid,buf,strlen(buf),0); len = 0; while (len<file_size) { int curr = recv(new_sockid, buf, min(file_size-len,MAXLINE), 0); len += curr; write (fd, buf, curr); //fputs(buf, stdout); //fflush(stdout); } len = 0; close(fd); close(new_sockid); }

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  • F# Inline Function Specialization

    - by Ben
    Hi, My current project involves lexing and parsing script code, and as such I'm using fslex and fsyacc. Fslex LexBuffers can come in either LexBuffer<char> and LexBuffer<byte> varieties, and I'd like to have the option to use both. In order to user both, I need a lexeme function of type ^buf - string. Thus far, my attempts at specialization have looked like: let inline lexeme (lexbuf: ^buf) : ^buf -> string where ^buf : (member Lexeme: char array) = new System.String(lexbuf.Lexeme) let inline lexeme (lexbuf: ^buf) : ^buf -> string where ^buf : (member Lexeme: byte array) = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(lexbuf.Lexeme) I'm getting a type error stating that the function body should be of type ^buf -> string, but the inferred type is just string. Clearly, I'm doing something (majorly?) wrong. Is what I'm attempting even possible in F#? If so, can someone point me to the proper path? Thanks!

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  • function pointers callbacks C

    - by robUK
    Hello, I have started to review callbacks. I found this link: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/142789/what-is-a-callback-in-c-and-how-are-they-implemented which has a good example of callback which is very similar to what we use at work. However, I have tried to get it to work, but I have many errors. #include <stdio.h> /* Is the actual function pointer? */ typedef void (*event_cb_t)(const struct event *evt, void *user_data); struct event_cb { event_cb_t cb; void *data; }; int event_cb_register(event_ct_t cb, void *user_data); static void my_event_cb(const struct event *evt, void *data) { /* do some stuff */ } int main(void) { event_cb_register(my_event_cb, &my_custom_data); struct event_cb *callback; callback->cb(event, callback->data); return 0; } I know that callback use function pointers to store an address of a function. But there is a few things that I find I don't understand. That is what is meet by "registering the callback" and "event dispatcher"? Many thanks for any advice,

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  • How to determine values saved on the stack?

    - by Brian
    I'm doing some experimenting and would like to be able to see what is saved on the stack during a system call (the saved state of the user land process). According to http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v2.6.30.1/arch/x86/kernel/entry_32.S it shows that the various values of registers are saved at those particular offsets to the stack pointer. Here is the code I have been trying to use to examine what is saved on the stack (this is in a custom system call I have created): asm("movl 0x1C(%esp), %ecx"); asm("movl %%ecx, %0" : "=r" (value)); where value is an unsigned long. As of right now, this value is not what is expected (it is showing a 0 is saved for the user value of ds). Am I correctly accessing the offset of the stack pointer? Another possibility might be could I use a debugger such as GDB to examine the stack contents while in the kernel? I don't have much extensive use with debugging and am not sure of how to debug code inside the kernel. Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Removing "Using temporary; Using filesort" from this MySQL select+join+group by query

    - by claytontstanley
    I have the following query: select t.Chunk as LeftChunk, t.ChunkHash as LeftChunkHash, q.Chunk as RightChunk, q.ChunkHash as RightChunkHash, count(t.ChunkHash) as ChunkCount from chunksubset as t join chunksubset as q on t.ID = q.ID group by LeftChunkHash, RightChunkHash And the following explain table: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 SIMPLE subsets ref PRIMARY,IDIndex,SubsetIndex SubsetIndex 767 const 522014 "Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort" 1 SIMPLE subsets eq_ref PRIMARY,IDIndex,SubsetIndex PRIMARY 771 sotero.subsets.Id,const 1 "Using where; Using index" 1 SIMPLE c ref IDIndex IDIndex 4 sotero.subsets.Id 12 "Using where" 1 SIMPLE c ref IDIndex IDIndex 4 sotero.subsets.Id 12 note the "using temporary; using filesort". When this query is run, I quickly run out of RAM (presumably b/c of the temp table), and then the HDD kicks in, and the query slows to a halt. I thought it might be an index issue, so I started adding a few that sort of made sense: Table Non_unique Key_name Seq_in_index Column_name Collation Cardinality Sub_part Packed Null Index_type Comment Index_comment chunks 0 PRIMARY 1 ChunkId A 17796190 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 ChunkHashIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 IDIndex 1 Id A 1483015 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 ChunkIndex 1 Chunk A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 ChunkTypeIndex 1 ChunkType A 2 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkIDIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkIDIndex 2 ChunkId A 17796190 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkTypeIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkTypeIndex 2 ChunkType A 261708 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByIDIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByIDIndex 2 Id A 17796190 NULL NULL BTREE But still using the temporary table. The db engine is MyISAM. How can I get rid of the using temporary; using filesort in this query? Just changing to InnoDB w/o explaining the underlying cause is not a particularly satisfying answer. Besides, if the solution is to just add the proper index, then that's much easier than migrating to another db engine.

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  • Why MSMQ won't send a space character?

    - by cyclotis04
    I'm exploring MSMQ services, and I wrote a simple console client-server application that sends each of the client's keystrokes to the server. Whenever hit a control character (DEL, ESC, INS, etc) the server understandably throws an error. However, whenever I type a space character, the server receives the packet but doesn't throw an error and doesn't display the space. Server: namespace QIM { class Program { const string QUEUE = @".\Private$\qim"; static MessageQueue _mq; static readonly object _mqLock = new object(); static XmlSerializer xs; static void Main(string[] args) { lock (_mqLock) { if (!MessageQueue.Exists(QUEUE)) _mq = MessageQueue.Create(QUEUE); else _mq = new MessageQueue(QUEUE); } xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(string)); _mq.BeginReceive(new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0), new object(), OnReceive); while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Escape) { } } static void OnReceive(IAsyncResult result) { Message msg; lock (_mqLock) { try { msg = _mq.EndReceive(result); Console.Write("."); Console.Write(xs.Deserialize(msg.BodyStream)); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.Write(ex); } } _mq.BeginReceive(new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0), new object(), OnReceive); } } } Client: namespace QIM_Client { class Program { const string QUEUE = @".\Private$\qim"; static MessageQueue _mq; static void Main(string[] args) { if (!MessageQueue.Exists(QUEUE)) _mq = MessageQueue.Create(QUEUE); else _mq = new MessageQueue(QUEUE); ConsoleKeyInfo key = new ConsoleKeyInfo(); while (key.Key != ConsoleKey.Escape) { key = Console.ReadKey(); _mq.Send(key.KeyChar.ToString()); } } } } Client Input: Testing, Testing... Server Output: .T.e.s.t.i.n.g.,..T.e.s.t.i.n.g...... You'll notice that the space character sends a message, but the character isn't displayed.

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  • What limits scaling in this simple OpenMP program?

    - by Douglas B. Staple
    I'm trying to understand limits to parallelization on a 48-core system (4xAMD Opteron 6348, 2.8 Ghz, 12 cores per CPU). I wrote this tiny OpenMP code to test the speedup in what I thought would be the best possible situation (the task is embarrassingly parallel): // Compile with: gcc scaling.c -std=c99 -fopenmp -O3 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> int main(){ const uint64_t umin=1; const uint64_t umax=10000000000LL; double sum=0.; #pragma omp parallel for reduction(+:sum) for(uint64_t u=umin; u<umax; u++) sum+=1./u/u; printf("%e\n", sum); } I was surprised to find that the scaling is highly nonlinear. It takes about 2.9s for the code to run with 48 threads, 3.1s with 36 threads, 3.7s with 24 threads, 4.9s with 12 threads, and 57s for the code to run with 1 thread. Unfortunately I have to say that there is one process running on the computer using 100% of one core, so that might be affecting it. It's not my process, so I can't end it to test the difference, but somehow I doubt that's making the difference between a 19~20x speedup and the ideal 48x speedup. To make sure it wasn't an OpenMP issue, I ran two copies of the program at the same time with 24 threads each (one with umin=1, umax=5000000000, and the other with umin=5000000000, umax=10000000000). In that case both copies of the program finish after 2.9s, so it's exactly the same as running 48 threads with a single instance of the program. What's preventing linear scaling with this simple program?

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  • Returning object from function

    - by brainydexter
    I am really confused now on how and which method to use to return object from a function. I want some feedback on the solutions for the given requirements. Scenario A: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which need not be modified during its lifetime. Thus, const Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { const Foo& l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } Scneraio B: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which will be modified during its lifetime. Thus, void SomeClass::GetFoo(Foo& a_Foo_ref) { a_Foo_ref = Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo; someClassPInstance-GetFoo(l_Foo); //... } I have one question here: Lets say that Foo cannot have a default constructor. Then how would you deal with that in this situation, since we cant write this anymore: Foo l_Foo Scenario C: Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } I think this is not the recommended approach since it would incur constructing extra temporaries. What do you think ? Also, do you recommend a better way to handle this instead ?

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  • problem with fork()

    - by john
    I'm writing a shell which forks, with the parent reading the input and the child process parsing and executing it with execvp. pseudocode of main method: do{ pid = fork(); print pid; if (p<0) { error; exit; } if (p>0) { wait for child to finish; read input; } else { call function to parse input; exit; } }while condition return; what happens is that i never seem to enter the child process (pid printed is always positive, i never enter the else). however, if i don't call the parse function and just have else exit, i do correctly enter parent and child alternatingly. full code: int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ char input[500]; pid_t p; int firstrun = 1; do{ p = fork(); printf("PID: %d", p); if (p < 0) {printf("Error forking"); exit(-1);} if (p > 0){ wait(NULL); firstrun = 0; printf("\n> "); bzero(input, 500); fflush(stdout); read(0, input, 499); input[strlen(input)-1] = '\0'; } else exit(0); else { if (parse(input) != 0 && firstrun != 1) { printf("Error parsing"); exit(-1); } exit(0); } }while(strcmp(input, "exit") != 0); return 0; }

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  • I am not able to kill a child process using TerminateProcess

    - by user1681210
    I have a problem to kill a child process using TerminateProcess. I call to this function and the process still there (in the Task Manager) This piece of code is called many times launching the same program.exe many times and these process are there in the task manager which i think is not good. sorry, I am quiet new in c++ I will really appreciate any help. thanks a lot!! the code is the following: STARTUPINFO childProcStartupInfo; memset( &childProcStartupInfo, 0, sizeof(childProcStartupInfo)); childProcStartupInfo.cb = sizeof(childProcStartupInfo); childProcStartupInfo.hStdInput = hFromParent; // stdin childProcStartupInfo.hStdOutput = hToParent; // stdout childProcStartupInfo.hStdError = hToParentDup; // stderr childProcStartupInfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW; childProcStartupInfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE; PROCESS_INFORMATION childProcInfo; /* for CreateProcess call */ bOk = CreateProcess( NULL, // filename pCmdLine, // full command line for child NULL, // process security descriptor */ NULL, // thread security descriptor */ TRUE, // inherit handles? Also use if STARTF_USESTDHANDLES */ 0, // creation flags */ NULL, // inherited environment address */ NULL, // startup dir; NULL = start in current */ &childProcStartupInfo, // pointer to startup info (input) */ &childProcInfo); // pointer to process info (output) */ CloseHandle( hFromParent ); CloseHandle( hToParent ); CloseHandle( hToParentDup ); CloseHandle( childProcInfo.hThread); CloseHandle( childProcInfo.hProcess); TerminateProcess( childProcInfo.hProcess ,0); //this is not working, the process thanks

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  • How to give a textbox a fixed width of 17,5 cm?

    - by Natrium
    I have an application with a textbox, and the width of the textbox on the screen must always be 17,5 centimeters on the screen of the user. This is what I tried so far: const double centimeter = 17.5; // the width I need const double inches = centimeter * 0.393700787; // convert centimeter to inches float dpi = GetDpiX(); // get the dpi. 96 in my case. var pixels = dpi*inches; // this should give me the amount of pixels textbox1.Width = Convert.ToInt32(pixels); // set it. Done. private float GetDpiX() { floar returnValue; Graphics graphics = CreateGraphics(); returnValue = graphics.DpiX; graphics.Dispose(); // don’t forget to release the unnecessary resources return returnValue; } But this gives me different sizes with different resolutions. It gives me 13 cm with 1680 x 1050 and 19,5 cm with 1024 x 768. What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to call a function from another class file

    - by Guy Parker
    I am very familiar with writing VB based applications but am new to Xcode (and Objective C). I have gone through numerous tutorials on the web and understand the basics and how to interact with Interface Builder etc. However, I am really struggling with some basic concepts of the C language and would be grateful for any help you can offer. Heres my problem… I have a simple iphone app which has a view controller (FirstViewController) and a subview (SecondViewController) with associated header and class files. In the FirstViewController.m have a function defined @implementation FirstViewController (void) writeToServer:(const uint8_t ) buf { [oStream write:buf maxLength:strlen((char)buf)]; } It doesn't really matter what the function is. I want to use this function in my SecondViewController, so in SecondViewController.m I import FirstViewController.h import "SecondViewController.h" import "FirstViewController.h" @implementation SecondViewController -(IBAction) SetButton: (id) sender { NSString *s = [@"Fill:" stringByAppendingString: FillLevelValue.text]; NSString *strToSend = [s stringByAppendingString: @":"]; const uint8_t *str = (uint8_t *) [strToSend cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; FillLevelValue.text = strToSend; [FirstViewController writeToServer:str]; } This last line is where my problem is. XCode tells me that FirstViewController may not respond to writeToServer. And when I try to run the application it crashes when this function is called. I guess I don't fully understand how to share functions and more importantly, the relationship between classes. In an ideal world I would create a global class to place my functions in and call them as required. Any advice gratefully received.

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  • C# Web Service gets stuck waiting for lock, does not return

    - by blue
    We have a C#(2.0) application which talks to our server(in java) via web services. Lately we have started seeing following behavior in (ONLY)one of our lab machines(XP): Once in a while(every few days), one of the webservice request will just get stuck, will not return or timeout. Following is the stacktrace where it seem to be stuck. Have no clue what is going on here. Any pointer would be of great help. ESP EIP 05eceeec 7c90eb94 [GCFrame: 05eceeec] 05ecefbc 7c90eb94 [HelperMethodFrame_1OBJ: 05ecefbc] System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(System.Object) 05ecf014 7a5b0034 System.Net.ConnectionGroup.Disassociate(System.Net.Connection) 05ecf040 7a5aeaa7 System.Net.Connection.PrepareCloseConnectionSocket(System.Net.ConnectionReturnResult ByRef) 05ecf0a4 7a5ac0e1 System.Net.Connection.ReadStartNextRequest(System.Net.WebRequest, System.Net.ConnectionReturnResult ByRef) 05ecf0e8 7a5b1119 System.Net.ConnectStream.CallDone(System.Net.ConnectionReturnResult) 05ecf0fc 7a5b3b5a System.Net.ConnectStream.ReadChunkedSync(Byte[], Int32, Int32) 05ecf114 7a5b2b90 System.Net.ConnectStream.ReadWithoutValidation(Byte[], Int32, Int32, Boolean) 05ecf160 7a5b29cc System.Net.ConnectStream.Read(Byte[], Int32, Int32) 05ecf1a0 79473cab System.IO.StreamReader.ReadBuffer(Char[], Int32, Int32, Boolean ByRef) 05ecf1c4 79473bd6 System.IO.StreamReader.Read(Char[], Int32, Int32) 05ecf1e8 69c29119 System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ReadData() 05ecf1f8 69c2ad70 System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ParseDocumentContent() 05ecf20c 69c292d7 System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.Read() 05ecf21c 69c2929d System.Xml.XmlTextReader.Read() 05ecf220 6991b3e7 System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.ReadResponse(System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapClientMessage, System.Net.WebResponse, System.IO.Stream, Boolean) 05ecf268 69919ed1 System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(System.String, System.Object[])

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  • C++ cin questions

    - by Kim
    This seems to be weird: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { cout << "function main() .." << '\n'; char ch = 0; double number_value=1.1; cin >> ch; cin.putback(ch); cin >> number_value; cout << "1 .. " << " " << cin.good() << " " << number_value << '\n'; cin >> number_value; cout << "2 .. " << " " << cin.good() << " " << number_value << '\n'; return 0; } If I input the following: 7a 1 I get the following: function main() .. 7a 1 1 .. 1 7 2 .. 0 0 I understand the: 1 .. 1 7 but why the variable number_value is 0. cin.good() shows failure so nothing would have read and the value in number_value from the previous assignment would remain. I expect the value of 7.

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  • Test Driven Development with C++: How to test a class which depends on other classes?

    - by Nikhil
    Suppose I have a class A which depends on 3 other classes X, Y and Z, either A uses these through a reference or a pointer or say A is templated to be instantiated with X, Y and Z doesn't matter, the key is that in order to test A, I need to have X, Y and Z. So I need to have fakes for A, B and C. Suppose I write them. Now, how do I swap real and fake objects easily? I can see that this works very easily in the case of templates. In order to make it work when A depends on X, Y and Z through a reference or a pointer, I would need to have a base class say X_Interface from which I can inherit X_Real and X_Fake. So basically, I would end up in having 3 times the number of classes for every class that would need to have a fake. I am most likely missing something. There has to be a simpler way to do this. Having a base class X_Interface is also quite expensive as I will be using more space and making virtual calls. I guess I could use CRTP as I know whether its a X_Real or X_Fake at compile time but still there must be a better way.

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  • Write raw struct contents (bytes) to a file in C. Confused about actual size written

    - by d11wtq
    Basic question, but I expected this struct to occupy 13 bytes of space (1 for the char, 12 for the 3 unsigned ints). Instead, sizeof(ESPR_REL_HEADER) gives me 16 bytes. typedef struct { unsigned char version; unsigned int root_node_num; unsigned int node_size; unsigned int node_count; } ESPR_REL_HEADER; What I'm trying to do is initialize this struct with some values and write the data it contains (the raw bytes) to the start of a file, so that when I open this file I later I can reconstruct this struct and gain some meta data about what the rest of the file contains. I'm initializing the struct and writing it to the file like this: int esprime_write_btree_header(FILE * fp, unsigned int node_size) { ESPR_REL_HEADER header = { .version = 1, .root_node_num = 0, .node_size = node_size, .node_count = 1 }; return fwrite(&header, sizeof(ESPR_REL_HEADER), 1, fp); } Where node_size is currently 4 while I experiment. The file contains the following data after I write the struct to it: -bash$ hexdump test.dat 0000000 01 bf f9 8b 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0000010 I expect it to actually contain: -bash$ hexdump test.dat 0000000 01 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0000010 Excuse the newbiness. I am trying to learn :) How do I efficiently write just the data components of my struct to a file?

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  • Thread-safe data structure design

    - by Inso Reiges
    Hello, I have to design a data structure that is to be used in a multi-threaded environment. The basic API is simple: insert element, remove element, retrieve element, check that element exists. The structure's implementation uses implicit locking to guarantee the atomicity of a single API call. After i implemented this it became apparent, that what i really need is atomicity across several API calls. For example if a caller needs to check the existence of an element before trying to insert it he can't do that atomically even if each single API call is atomic: if(!data_structure.exists(element)) { data_structure.insert(element); } The example is somewhat awkward, but the basic point is that we can't trust the result of "exists" call anymore after we return from atomic context (the generated assembly clearly shows a minor chance of context switch between the two calls). What i currently have in mind to solve this is exposing the lock through the data structure's public API. This way clients will have to explicitly lock things, but at least they won't have to create their own locks. Is there a better commonly-known solution to these kinds of problems? And as long as we're at it, can you advise some good literature on thread-safe design? EDIT: I have a better example. Suppose that element retrieval returns either a reference or a pointer to the stored element and not it's copy. How can a caller be protected to safely use this pointer\reference after the call returns? If you think that not returning copies is a problem, then think about deep copies, i.e. objects that should also copy another objects they point to internally. Thank you.

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  • What makes this "declarator invalid"? C++

    - by nieldw
    I have Vertex template in vertex.h. From my graph.h: 20 template<class edgeDecor, class vertexDecor, bool dir> 21 class Vertex; which I use in my Graph template. I've used the Vertex template successfully throughout my Graph, return pointers to Vertices, etc. Now for the first time I am trying to declare and instantiate a Vertex object, and gcc is telling me that my 'declarator' is 'invalid'. How can this be? 81 template<class edgeDecor, class vertexDecor, bool dir> 82 Graph<edgeDecor,int,dir> Graph<edgeDecor,vertexDecor,dir>::Dijkstra(vertex s, bool print = false) const 83 { 84 /* Construct new Graph with apropriate decorators */ 85 Graph<edgeDecor,int,dir> span = new Graph<edgeDecor,int,dir>(); 86 span.E.reserve(this->E.size()); 87 88 typename Vertex<edgeDecor,int,dir> v = new Vertex(INT_MAX); 89 span.V = new vector<Vertex<edgeDecor,int,dir> >(this->V.size,v); 90 }; And gcc is saying: graph.h: In member function ‘Graph<edgeDecor, int, dir> Graph<edgeDecor, vertexDecor, dir>::Dijkstra(Vertex<edgeDecor, vertexDecor, dir>, bool) const’: graph.h:88: error: invalid declarator before ‘v’ graph.h:89: error: ‘v’ was not declared in this scope I know this is probably another noob question, but I'll appreciate any help.

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  • Template compilation error in Sun Studio 12

    - by Jagannath
    We are migrating to Sun Studio 12.1 and with the new compiler [ CC: Sun C++ 5.10 SunOS_sparc 2009/06/03 ]. I am getting compilation error while compiling a code that compiled fine with earlier version of Sun Compiler [ CC: Sun WorkShop 6 update 2 C++ 5.3 2001/05/15 ]. This is the compilation error I get. "Sample.cc": Error: Could not find a match for LoopThrough(int[2]) needed in main(). 1 Error(s) detected. * Error code 1. CODE: #include <iostream> #define PRINT_TRACE(STR) \ std::cout << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ":" << STR << "\n"; template<size_t SZ> void LoopThrough(const int(&Item)[SZ]) { PRINT_TRACE("Specialized version"); for (size_t index = 0; index < SZ; ++index) { std::cout << Item[index] << "\n"; } } /* template<typename Type, size_t SZ> void LoopThrough(const Type(&Item)[SZ]) { PRINT_TRACE("Generic version"); } */ int main() { { int arr[] = { 1, 2 }; LoopThrough(arr); } } If I uncomment the code with Generic version, the code compiles fine and the generic version is called. I don't see this problem with MSVC 2010 with extensions disabled and the same case with ideone here. The specialized version of the function is called. Now the question is, is this a bug in Sun Compiler ? If yes, how could we file a bug report ?

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  • Crash generated during destruction of hash_map

    - by Alien01
    I am using hash_map in application as typedef hash_map<DWORD,CComPtr<IInterfaceXX>> MapDword2Interface; In main application I am using static instance of this map static MapDword2Interface m_mapDword2Interface; I have got one crash dump from one of the client machines which point to the crash in clearing this map I opened that crash dump and here is assembly during debugging > call std::list<std::pair<unsigned long const ,ATL::CComPtr<IInterfaceXX> >,std::allocator<std::pair<unsigned long const ,ATL::CComPtr<IInterfaceXX> > > >::clear > mov eax,dword ptr [CMainApp::m_mapDword2Interface+8 (49XXXXX)] Here is code where crash dump is pointing. Below code is from stl:list file void clear() { // erase all #if _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING this->_Orphan_ptr(*this, 0); #endif /* _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING */ _Nodeptr _Pnext; _Nodeptr _Pnode = _Nextnode(_Myhead); _Nextnode(_Myhead) = _Myhead; _Prevnode(_Myhead) = _Myhead; _Mysize = 0; for (; _Pnode != _Myhead; _Pnode = _Pnext) { // delete an element _Pnext = _Nextnode(_Pnode); this->_Alnod.destroy(_Pnode); this->_Alnod.deallocate(_Pnode, 1); } } Crash is pointing to the this->_Alnod.destroy(_Pnode); statement in above code. I am not able to guess it, what could be reason. Any ideas??? How can I make sure, even is there is something wrong with the map , it should not crash?

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  • Dynamic stack allocation in C++

    - by Poni
    I want to allocate memory on the stack. Heard of _alloca / alloca and I understand that these are compiler-specific stuff, which I don't like. So, I came-up with my own solution (which might have it's own flaws) and I want you to review/improve it so for once and for all we'll have this code working: /*#define allocate_on_stack(pointer, size) \ __asm \ { \ mov [pointer], esp; \ sub esp, [size]; \ }*/ /*#define deallocate_from_stack(size) \ __asm \ { \ add esp, [size]; \ }*/ void test() { int buff_size = 4 * 2; char *buff = 0; __asm { // allocate mov [buff], esp; sub esp, [buff_size]; } // playing with the stack-allocated memory for(int i = 0; i < buff_size; i++) buff[i] = 0x11; __asm { // deallocate add esp, [buff_size]; } } void main() { __asm int 3h; test(); } Compiled with VC9. What flaws do you see in it? Me for example, not sure that subtracting from ESP is the solution for "any kind of CPU". Also, I'd like to make the commented-out macros work but for some reason I can't.

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  • Short names versus long names in Windows

    - by normski
    I have some code which gets the short name from a file path, using GetShortNameW(), and then later retrieves the long name view GetLongNameA(). The original file is of the form "C:/ProgramData/My Folder/File.ext" However, following conversion to short, then back to long, the filename becomes "C:/Program Files/My Folder/Filename.ext". The short name is of the form "C:/PROGRA~2/MY_FOL~1/FIL~1.EXT" The short name is being incorrectly resolved. The code compiles using VS 2005 on Windows 7 (I cannot upgrade the project to VS2008) Does anybody have any idea why this might be happening? DWORD pathLengthNeeded = ::GetShortPathNameW(aRef->GetFilePath().c_str(), NULL, 0); if(pathLengthNeeded != 0) { WCHAR* shortPath = new WCHAR[pathLengthNeeded]; DWORD newPathNameLength = ::GetShortPathNameW(aRef->GetFilePath().c_str(), shortPath, pathLengthNeeded); if(newPathNameLength != 0) { UI_STRING unicodePath(shortPath); std::string asciiPath = StringFromUserString(unicodePath); pathLengthNeeded = ::GetLongPathNameA(asciiPath.c_str(),NULL, 0); if(pathLengthNeeded != 0) {// convert it back to a long path if possible. For goodness sake can't we use Unicode throughout?F char* longPath = new char[pathLengthNeeded]; DWORD newPathNameLength = ::GetLongPathNameA(asciiPath.c_str(), longPath, pathLengthNeeded); if(newPathNameLength != 0) { std::string longPathString(longPath, newPathNameLength); asciiPath = longPathString; } delete [] longPath; } SetFullPathName(asciiPath); } delete [] shortPath; }

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