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  • Resources for understanding iOS architecture [closed]

    - by BlackJack
    I recently finished reading Randall Hyde's excellent book Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine, and I have a much better knowledge of what's going on under the hood now. I want to start making iPhone apps, and there are lots of guides for that. Embracing my inner Hyde, however, I want to first learn about the iOS system architecture. Apple has a really good overview here: iOS Technology Overview Before I start, I wanted to know if there were any other good resources for understanding iOS architecture and using that knowledge for iPhone programming. Thanks.

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  • F# open source project hosting using SVN

    - by Stephen Swensen
    Hi all, I'm looking to choose open source project hosting site for an F# project using SVN. CodePlex is where the .NET community in general and most F# projects are hosted, but I'm worried TFS + SvnBridge is going to give me headaches. So I'm looking elsewhere and seeking advice here. Or if you think CodePlex is still the best choice in my scenario, I'd like to hear that too. So far, Google Code is looking appealing to me. They have a clean interface and true SVN hosting. But there are close to no F# projects currently hosted (it's not even in their search by programming language list), so I'm wondering if there are any notable downsides besides the lack of community I might encounter. If there is yet another option, I'd like to hear that too. Thanks!

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  • Why do operating systems do low level stuff in C and C++? Why not just C++?

    - by Cole Johnson
    On the Wikipedia page for Windows, it states the Windows is written in Assembly for the bootloader and task switcher, and C and C++ for kernel routines. This confuses me because AFAIK, you can call C++ functions from an extern "C"'d block as C++ is just C with extra features (all of which can be rewritten in C if you wanted to AFAIK). I can get using C for the kernel functions so pure C apps can use them (like printf and such), but if they can just be wrapped in an extern "C " block, then why code in C? So my question is: Why would a kernel be written in both C and C++ instead of just C++

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  • Builder Pattern: When to fail?

    - by skiwi
    When implementing the Builder Pattern, I often find myself confused with when to let building fail and I even manage to take different stands on the matter every few days. First some explanation: With failing early I mean that building an object should fail as soon as an invalid parameter is passed in. So inside the SomeObjectBuilder. With failing late I mean that building an object only can fail on the build() call that implicitely calls a constructor of the object to be built. Then some arguments: In favor of failing late: A builder class should be no more than a class that simply holds values. Moreover, it leads to less code duplication. In favor of failing early: A general approach in software programming is that you want to detect issues as early as possible and therefore the most logical place to check would be in the builder class' constructor, 'setters' and ultimately in the build method. What is the general concensus about this?

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  • Advice on starting a new job

    - by Sisiutl
    In a week I will start a new job at a manufacturing company managing the development of a new eCommerce site. The company scores about a 3 on the "Joel" test. I will inherit 3 programmers who developed the company web site and do general IT programming. I have the grey hair and credentials to have their initial respect but I'm an engineer, not a manager. I'm looking for practical advise - particularly for the first 90 days - on how to establish myself, keep the team together, and move forward.

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  • Multiple vulnerabilities in Oracle Java Web Console

    - by RitwikGhoshal
    CVE DescriptionCVSSv2 Base ScoreComponentProduct and Resolution CVE-2011-0534 Resource Management Errors vulnerability 5.0 Apache Tomcat Solaris 10 SPARC: 147673-04 X86: 147674-04 CVE-2011-1184 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-2204 Information Exposure vulnerability 1.9 CVE-2011-2526 Improper Input Validation vulnerability 4.4 CVE-2011-2729 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-3190 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 7.5 CVE-2011-3375 Information Exposure vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-4858 Resource Management Errors vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-5062 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-5063 Improper Authentication vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2011-5064 Cryptographic Issues vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2012-0022 Numeric Errors vulnerability 5.0 This notification describes vulnerabilities fixed in third-party components that are included in Oracle's product distributions.Information about vulnerabilities affecting Oracle products can be found on Oracle Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts page.

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  • CVE-2014-0591 Buffer Errors vulnerability in Bind

    - by Ritwik Ghoshal
    CVE DescriptionCVSSv2 Base ScoreComponentProduct and Resolution CVE-2014-0591 Buffer Errors vulnerability 2.6 Bind Solaris 10 Patches planned but not yet available Solaris 11.1 11.1.19.6.0 Solaris 8 Patches planned but not yet available Solaris 9 Patches planned but not yet available Please Note: The patches mentioned above will upgrade Bind to 9.6-ESV-R11. The fix for CVE-2014-0591 was initially distributed via 9.6-ESV-R10-P2 as described at our previous blog post. This notification describes vulnerabilities fixed in third-party components that are included in Oracle's product distributions.Information about vulnerabilities affecting Oracle products can be found on Oracle Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts page.

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  • R vs Python for data analysis

    - by The_Cthulhu_Kid
    I have been programming for about a year and I am really interested in data analysis and machine learning. I am taking part in a couple of online courses and am reading a couple of books. Everything I am doing uses either R or Python and I am looking for suggestions on whether or not I should concentrate on one language (and if so which) or carry on with both; do they complement each other? -- I should mention that I use C# in school but am familiar with Python through self-study.

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  • Do higher resolution laptop displays matter for programmers?

    - by Jason Baker
    I'm buying a new laptop that I'll be using mainly for programming. A couple of options that really intrigue me are the Asus Zenbook UX31A and the new Retina Macbook Pro. It's obvious that the high-resolution displays on these laptops is useful for entertainment, photo-editing, and other things. My question is this: Do these displays provide any benefit for programmers? Do these displays make code any easier to read? Are they any easier on the eyes after a whole day of staring at the screen?

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  • Platform for DS/Gameboy Dev - Managed Memory, Tools, and Unit Testing

    - by ashes999
    I'm interested in dabbling in Nintendo DS, 3DS, or GBA development. I would like to know what my (legal) options for development tools and IDEs are. In particular, I would not consider moving in this direction unless I can find: A programming language that has managed memory (garbage collection) A unit testing tool akin to JUnit, NUnit, etc. for unit tests I would also prefer if other tools exist, like code-coverage, etc. for that platform. But the main thing is managed memory and unit testing. What options are out there?

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  • dependency problems now not able to install or remove any package

    - by Manish gour
    I was installing wvdial, now I do not need that, but because of that machine got problem with dependencies, and due to that I am unable to install any package, please help, Below is my stack trace: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libqt3-mt:i386: Depends: libjpeg62 but it is not installed libusb-dev: Depends: libusb-0.1-4 (= 2:0.1.12-14) but 2:0.1.12-20 is installed dependency problems:i386: Depends: libc6 (= 2.4) but 2.15-0ubuntu10.4 is installed Depends: libuniconf4.4 but it is not installed Depends: libwvstreams4.4-base but it is not installed Depends: libwvstreams4.4-extras but it is not installed Depends: libxplc0.3.13 but it is not installed Depends: ppp (= 2.3.0) but it is not installed

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  • Cowboy Agile?

    - by Robert May
    In a previous post, I outlined the rules of Scrum.  This post details one of those rules. I’ve often heard similar phrases around Scrum that clue me in to someone who doesn’t understand Scrum.  The phrases go something like this: “We don’t do Agile because the idea of letting people just do whatever they want is wrong.  We believe in a more structured approach.” (i.e. Work is Prison, and I’m the Warden!) “I love Agile.  Agile lets us do whatever we want!” (Cowboy Agile?) “We’re Agile, but we use a process that I’ve created.” (Cowboy Agile?) All of those phrases have one thing in common:  The assumption that Agile, and I mean Scrum, lets you do whatever you want.  This is simply not true. Executing Scrum properly requires more dedication, rigor, and diligence than happens in most traditional development methods. Scrum and Waterfall Compared Since Scrum and Waterfall are two of the most commonly used methodologies, a little bit of contrasting and comparing is in order. Waterfall Scrum A project manager defines all tasks and then manages the tasks that team members are working on. The team members define the tasks and estimates of the stories for the current iteration.  Any team member may work on any task in the iteration. Usually only a few milestones that need to be met, the milestones are measured in months, and these milestones are expected to be missed.  Little work is ever done to improve estimates and poor estimators can hide behind high estimates. Stories must be delivered every iteration, milestones are measured in hours, and the team is expected to figure out why their estimates were wrong, even when they were under.  Repeated misses can get the entire team fired. Partially completed work is normal. Partially completed work doesn’t count. Nobody knows the task you’re working on. Everyone knows what you’re working on, whether or not you’re making progress and how much longer you think its going to take, in hours. Little requirement to show working code.  Prototypes are ok. Working code must be shown each iteration.  No smoke and mirrors allowed.  Testing is done in lengthy cycles at the end of development.  Developers aren’t held accountable. Testing is part of the team.  If the testers don’t accept the story as complete, the team can’t count it.  Complete means that the story’s functionality works as designed.  The team can’t have any open defects on the story. Velocity is rarely truly measured and difficult to evaluate. Velocity is integral to the process and can be seen at a glance and everyone in the company knows what it is. A business analyst writes requirements.  Designers mock up screens.  Developers hide behind “I did it just like the spec doc told me to and made the screen exactly like the picture” Developers are expected to collaborate in real time.  If a design is bad or lacks needed details, the developers are required to get it right in the iteration, because all software must be functional.  Designers and Business Analysts are part of the team and must do their work in iterations slightly ahead of the developers. Upper Management is often surprised.  “You told me things were going well two months ago!” Management receives updates at the end of every iteration showing them exactly what the team did and how that compares to what' is remaining in the backlog.  Managers know every iteration what their money is buying. Status meetings are rare or don’t occur.  Email is a primary form of communication. Teams coordinate every single day with each other and use other high bandwidth communication channels to make sure they’re making progress.  Email is used only as a last resort.  Instead, team members stand up, walk to each other, and talk, face to face.  If that’s not possible, they pick up the phone. IF someone asks what happened, its at the end of a lengthy development cycle measured in months, and nobody really knows why it happened. Someone asks what happened every iteration.  The team talks about what happened, and then adapts to make sure that what happened either never happens again or happens every time.   That’s probably enough for now.  As you can see, a lot is required of Scrum teams! One of the key differences in Scrum is that the burden for many activities is shifted to a group of people who share responsibility, instead of a single person having responsibility.  This is a very good thing, since small groups usually come up with better and more insightful work than single individuals.  This shift also results in better velocity.  Team members can take vacations and the rest of the team simply picks up the slack.  With Waterfall, if a key team member takes a vacation, delays can ensue. Scrum requires much more out of every team member and as a result, Scrum teams outperform non-Scrum teams working 60 hour weeks. Recommended Reading Everyone considering Scrum should read Mike Cohn’s excellent book, User Stories Applied. Technorati Tags: Agile,Scrum,Waterfall

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  • Workflow with Flash Pro CS6 and FlashDevelop: Using fla and swc to store assets

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I am using this tutorial: http://www.flashdevelop.org/wikidocs/index.php?title=AS3:FlexAndFlashCS3Workflow In the past older versions of Flash Pro I was able to complete these steps: right-click on the symbol in the Library panel, select "Linkage..." dialog, check "Export for ActionScript" and fill in the symbol name (ie. MySymbol_design or assets.MySymbol_design), do not change the base class (ie. flash.display.MovieClip). Right now, I am stuck at that part. Any hints? What I wish to do is: Use fla for the artist to store assets. Publish to swc Extract the assets in FlashDevelop by creating an instance of their class. ... How is this done in CS6? To clear things up, this is what I see when I right click a Flash symbol:

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  • Why isn't Java more widely used for game development?

    - by Anto
    I'm not a game developer or anything, but I know that Java is not very widely used for game development. Java should be fast enough for most games, so where's the catch? I can think of some reasons: Lack of game developers with expertice in Java Lack of good game development frameworks Programmers don't want to accept Java as a games programming language. Most only accept C++ as that? No support for game consoles (though the PC market still exists) It could of course be something else. Could someone who knows the business better than me explain why Java isn't getting momentum when it comes to game development?

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  • Innovative Applications with WebSphere Server Feature Packs and Rational Tooling

    This webcast will cover how the new open standards and programming models that are delivered through WebSphere Application Server Feature Packs can be used to create innovative web applications that help you to stay ahead of your competition. The Feature Packs covered will include: Web 2.0, Service Component Architecture, Communication Enabled Applications, and OSGi. It will also cover the IBM Rational tooling that can help you to quickly leverage the new capabilities delivered in these Feature Packs and accelerate the delivery of new applications. <b>Date / Time:</b> &#9;&#10;Wednesday, December 15, 2010 / 11:00 AM PT / 2:00 PM ET

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  • "Il faut repenser les OS pour les processeurs multi-coeurs", d'après Microsoft

    "Il faut repenser les OS pour les processeurs multi-coeurs", d'après Microsoft Dave Probert est expert du noyau chez Microsoft. Selon lui, l'approche actuelle du multi-coeur n'est pas encore à même d'en exploiter toute la puissance, et est trop "compliquée". Aussi, propose-t-il une autre organisation. Car, d'après lui, "la solution" ne se situerait pas dans l'amélioration de techniques "comme le parallel programming, mais plutôt dans le refonte des abstractions de base qui constituent le modèle du système d'exploitation". Il explique qu'on ne tire pas assez parti des performances offertes par les processeurs multicoeurs et qu'aujourd'hui, on ne devrait plus avoir à patienter de...

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  • Project planning and customer tracking system

    - by Daniel Hollands
    First off, sorry if this is the wrong 'stack' site, but it seemed like a good place to start. I'm happy to report that my services as a web developer are starting to be in quite a lot of demand, and I have a few existing and potentially new customers all lining up - but I'm finding it very hard to keep track of everything. What I'm hoping for is some (preferably web-based) system which I can use to keep track of who my customers are, the various projects that I've got going on for them, and (if possible) the individual sub-tasks that make up each project. What would be even better is if the relevant customer was able to log into the site, and see the process of their projects. I do hope you know what I'm talking about, and that you'll be able to offer some suggestions of either web-base sites that offer something along these lines, or of some open source solution or something like that? Thank you

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  • Algorithms and Programmer's day-to-day job

    - by Lior Kogan
    As of July 10, 2012, Stack Overflow contains 3,345,864 questions, out of which 20,840 questions are tagged as "Algorithm" - this is less than 0.6% ! I find it disturbing. Many programmers have several years of academic education in computer science / software engineering. Most of them are smart... When asked, most would say that they love algorithms. Computer programming is generally about solving problems using algorithms... Yet, only 1 of 160 questions is tagged as algorithm related. What does it say about our profession?

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  • Should a senior developer refuse to take paper exams during an interview?

    - by ??? Shengyuan Lu
    I found that many senior developers refuse to do paper exams in interviews. They regard the exam as a kind of humiliation, because they think that "They don't trust my programming ability even if I have five years working experience... only junior staff need take a paper exam...". However, Joel insists: 11. Do new candidates write code during their interview? Would you hire a magician without asking them to show you some magic tricks? Of course not. Is it justifiable if a senior developer refuses to take a paper exam in an interview?

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  • how to plot scatterplot and histogram using R [migrated]

    - by Wee Wang Wang
    I have a dataset about maximum wind speed(cm) as below: Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2011 4.5 5.6 5.0 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.4 3.8 2010 4.6 5.0 5.8 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.6 2009 4.5 5.3 4.3 3.9 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.6 4.9 4.1 2008 3.8 1.9 5.6 4.7 4.7 4.3 5.9 4.9 4.9 5.6 5.2 4.4 2007 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.6 4.2 3.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.3 5.6 1.5 2006 4.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 5.9 4.4 2005 2.7 4.3 5.7 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.9 5.6 1.8 How to create monthly max wind speed scatterplot (month in x-axis and wind speed in y-axis) and also the monthly max wind speed histogram by using R programming?

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  • Why don't computers store decimal numbers as a second whole number?

    - by SomeKittens
    Computers have trouble storing fractional numbers where the denominator is something other than a solution to 2^x. This is because the first digit after the decimal is worth 1/2, the second 1/4 (or 1/(2^1) and 1/(2^2)) etc. Why deal with all sorts of rounding errors when the computer could have just stored the decimal part of the number as another whole number (which is therefore accurate?) The only thing I can think of is dealing with repeating decimals (in base 10), but there could have been an edge solution to that (like we currently have with infinity).

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  • Will high reputation in Programmers help to get a good job?

    - by Lorenzo
    In reference to this question, do you think that having a high reputation on this site will help to get a good job? Aside silly and humorous questions, on Programmers we can see a lot of high quality theory questions. I think that, if Stack Overflow will eventually evolve in "strictly programming related" (which usually is "strictly coding related"), the questions on Programmers will be much more interesting and meaningful ("Stack Overflow" = "I have this specific coding/implementation issue"; "Programmers" = "Best practices, team shaping, paradigms, CS theory"). So could high reputation on this site help (or at least be a good reference)? And then, more o less than Stack Overflow?

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  • Informed TDD &ndash; Kata &ldquo;To Roman Numerals&rdquo;

    - by Ralf Westphal
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/05/28/informed-tdd-ndash-kata-ldquoto-roman-numeralsrdquo.aspxIn a comment on my article on what I call Informed TDD (ITDD) reader gustav asked how this approach would apply to the kata “To Roman Numerals”. And whether ITDD wasn´t a violation of TDD´s principle of leaving out “advanced topics like mocks”. I like to respond with this article to his questions. There´s more to say than fits into a commentary. Mocks and TDD I don´t see in how far TDD is avoiding or opposed to mocks. TDD and mocks are orthogonal. TDD is about pocess, mocks are about structure and costs. Maybe by moving forward in tiny red+green+refactor steps less need arises for mocks. But then… if the functionality you need to implement requires “expensive” resource access you can´t avoid using mocks. Because you don´t want to constantly run all your tests against the real resource. True, in ITDD mocks seem to be in almost inflationary use. That´s not what you usually see in TDD demonstrations. However, there´s a reason for that as I tried to explain. I don´t use mocks as proxies for “expensive” resource. Rather they are stand-ins for functionality not yet implemented. They allow me to get a test green on a high level of abstraction. That way I can move forward in a top-down fashion. But if you think of mocks as “advanced” or if you don´t want to use a tool like JustMock, then you don´t need to use mocks. You just need to stand the sight of red tests for a little longer ;-) Let me show you what I mean by that by doing a kata. ITDD for “To Roman Numerals” gustav asked for the kata “To Roman Numerals”. I won´t explain the requirements again. You can find descriptions and TDD demonstrations all over the internet, like this one from Corey Haines. Now here is, how I would do this kata differently. 1. Analyse A demonstration of TDD should never skip the analysis phase. It should be made explicit. The requirements should be formalized and acceptance test cases should be compiled. “Formalization” in this case to me means describing the API of the required functionality. “[D]esign a program to work with Roman numerals” like written in this “requirement document” is not enough to start software development. Coding should only begin, if the interface between the “system under development” and its context is clear. If this interface is not readily recognizable from the requirements, it has to be developed first. Exploration of interface alternatives might be in order. It might be necessary to show several interface mock-ups to the customer – even if that´s you fellow developer. Designing the interface is a task of it´s own. It should not be mixed with implementing the required functionality behind the interface. Unfortunately, though, this happens quite often in TDD demonstrations. TDD is used to explore the API and implement it at the same time. To me that´s a violation of the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) which not only should hold for software functional units but also for tasks or activities. In the case of this kata the API fortunately is obvious. Just one function is needed: string ToRoman(int arabic). And it lives in a class ArabicRomanConversions. Now what about acceptance test cases? There are hardly any stated in the kata descriptions. Roman numerals are explained, but no specific test cases from the point of view of a customer. So I just “invent” some acceptance test cases by picking roman numerals from a wikipedia article. They are supposed to be just “typical examples” without special meaning. Given the acceptance test cases I then try to develop an understanding of the problem domain. I´ll spare you that. The domain is trivial and is explain in almost all kata descriptions. How roman numerals are built is not difficult to understand. What´s more difficult, though, might be to find an efficient solution to convert into them automatically. 2. Solve The usual TDD demonstration skips a solution finding phase. Like the interface exploration it´s mixed in with the implementation. But I don´t think this is how it should be done. I even think this is not how it really works for the people demonstrating TDD. They´re simplifying their true software development process because they want to show a streamlined TDD process. I doubt this is helping anybody. Before you code you better have a plan what to code. This does not mean you have to do “Big Design Up-Front”. It just means: Have a clear picture of the logical solution in your head before you start to build a physical solution (code). Evidently such a solution can only be as good as your understanding of the problem. If that´s limited your solution will be limited, too. Fortunately, in the case of this kata your understanding does not need to be limited. Thus the logical solution does not need to be limited or preliminary or tentative. That does not mean you need to know every line of code in advance. It just means you know the rough structure of your implementation beforehand. Because it should mirror the process described by the logical or conceptual solution. Here´s my solution approach: The arabic “encoding” of numbers represents them as an ordered set of powers of 10. Each digit is a factor to multiply a power of ten with. The “encoding” 123 is the short form for a set like this: {1*10^2, 2*10^1, 3*10^0}. And the number is the sum of the set members. The roman “encoding” is different. There is no base (like 10 for arabic numbers), there are just digits of different value, and they have to be written in descending order. The “encoding” XVI is short for [10, 5, 1]. And the number is still the sum of the members of this list. The roman “encoding” thus is simpler than the arabic. Each “digit” can be taken at face value. No multiplication with a base required. But what about IV which looks like a contradiction to the above rule? It is not – if you accept roman “digits” not to be limited to be single characters only. Usually I, V, X, L, C, D, M are viewed as “digits”, and IV, IX etc. are viewed as nuisances preventing a simple solution. All looks different, though, once IV, IX etc. are taken as “digits”. Then MCMLIV is just a sum: M+CM+L+IV which is 1000+900+50+4. Whereas before it would have been understood as M-C+M+L-I+V – which is more difficult because here some “digits” get subtracted. Here´s the list of roman “digits” with their values: {1, I}, {4, IV}, {5, V}, {9, IX}, {10, X}, {40, XL}, {50, L}, {90, XC}, {100, C}, {400, CD}, {500, D}, {900, CM}, {1000, M} Since I take IV, IX etc. as “digits” translating an arabic number becomes trivial. I just need to find the values of the roman “digits” making up the number, e.g. 1954 is made up of 1000, 900, 50, and 4. I call those “digits” factors. If I move from the highest factor (M=1000) to the lowest (I=1) then translation is a two phase process: Find all the factors Translate the factors found Compile the roman representation Translation is just a look-up. Finding, though, needs some calculation: Find the highest remaining factor fitting in the value Remember and subtract it from the value Repeat with remaining value and remaining factors Please note: This is just an algorithm. It´s not code, even though it might be close. Being so close to code in my solution approach is due to the triviality of the problem. In more realistic examples the conceptual solution would be on a higher level of abstraction. With this solution in hand I finally can do what TDD advocates: find and prioritize test cases. As I can see from the small process description above, there are two aspects to test: Test the translation Test the compilation Test finding the factors Testing the translation primarily means to check if the map of factors and digits is comprehensive. That´s simple, even though it might be tedious. Testing the compilation is trivial. Testing factor finding, though, is a tad more complicated. I can think of several steps: First check, if an arabic number equal to a factor is processed correctly (e.g. 1000=M). Then check if an arabic number consisting of two consecutive factors (e.g. 1900=[M,CM]) is processed correctly. Then check, if a number consisting of the same factor twice is processed correctly (e.g. 2000=[M,M]). Finally check, if an arabic number consisting of non-consecutive factors (e.g. 1400=[M,CD]) is processed correctly. I feel I can start an implementation now. If something becomes more complicated than expected I can slow down and repeat this process. 3. Implement First I write a test for the acceptance test cases. It´s red because there´s no implementation even of the API. That´s in conformance with “TDD lore”, I´d say: Next I implement the API: The acceptance test now is formally correct, but still red of course. This will not change even now that I zoom in. Because my goal is not to most quickly satisfy these tests, but to implement my solution in a stepwise manner. That I do by “faking” it: I just “assume” three functions to represent the transformation process of my solution: My hypothesis is that those three functions in conjunction produce correct results on the API-level. I just have to implement them correctly. That´s what I´m trying now – one by one. I start with a simple “detail function”: Translate(). And I start with all the test cases in the obvious equivalence partition: As you can see I dare to test a private method. Yes. That´s a white box test. But as you´ll see it won´t make my tests brittle. It serves a purpose right here and now: it lets me focus on getting one aspect of my solution right. Here´s the implementation to satisfy the test: It´s as simple as possible. Right how TDD wants me to do it: KISS. Now for the second equivalence partition: translating multiple factors. (It´a pattern: if you need to do something repeatedly separate the tests for doing it once and doing it multiple times.) In this partition I just need a single test case, I guess. Stepping up from a single translation to multiple translations is no rocket science: Usually I would have implemented the final code right away. Splitting it in two steps is just for “educational purposes” here. How small your implementation steps are is a matter of your programming competency. Some “see” the final code right away before their mental eye – others need to work their way towards it. Having two tests I find more important. Now for the next low hanging fruit: compilation. It´s even simpler than translation. A single test is enough, I guess. And normally I would not even have bothered to write that one, because the implementation is so simple. I don´t need to test .NET framework functionality. But again: if it serves the educational purpose… Finally the most complicated part of the solution: finding the factors. There are several equivalence partitions. But still I decide to write just a single test, since the structure of the test data is the same for all partitions: Again, I´m faking the implementation first: I focus on just the first test case. No looping yet. Faking lets me stay on a high level of abstraction. I can write down the implementation of the solution without bothering myself with details of how to actually accomplish the feat. That´s left for a drill down with a test of the fake function: There are two main equivalence partitions, I guess: either the first factor is appropriate or some next. The implementation seems easy. Both test cases are green. (Of course this only works on the premise that there´s always a matching factor. Which is the case since the smallest factor is 1.) And the first of the equivalence partitions on the higher level also is satisfied: Great, I can move on. Now for more than a single factor: Interestingly not just one test becomes green now, but all of them. Great! You might say, then I must have done not the simplest thing possible. And I would reply: I don´t care. I did the most obvious thing. But I also find this loop very simple. Even simpler than a recursion of which I had thought briefly during the problem solving phase. And by the way: Also the acceptance tests went green: Mission accomplished. At least functionality wise. Now I´ve to tidy up things a bit. TDD calls for refactoring. Not uch refactoring is needed, because I wrote the code in top-down fashion. I faked it until I made it. I endured red tests on higher levels while lower levels weren´t perfected yet. But this way I saved myself from refactoring tediousness. At the end, though, some refactoring is required. But maybe in a different way than you would expect. That´s why I rather call it “cleanup”. First I remove duplication. There are two places where factors are defined: in Translate() and in Find_factors(). So I factor the map out into a class constant. Which leads to a small conversion in Find_factors(): And now for the big cleanup: I remove all tests of private methods. They are scaffolding tests to me. They only have temporary value. They are brittle. Only acceptance tests need to remain. However, I carry over the single “digit” tests from Translate() to the acceptance test. I find them valuable to keep, since the other acceptance tests only exercise a subset of all roman “digits”. This then is my final test class: And this is the final production code: Test coverage as reported by NCrunch is 100%: Reflexion Is this the smallest possible code base for this kata? Sure not. You´ll find more concise solutions on the internet. But LOC are of relatively little concern – as long as I can understand the code quickly. So called “elegant” code, however, often is not easy to understand. The same goes for KISS code – especially if left unrefactored, as it is often the case. That´s why I progressed from requirements to final code the way I did. I first understood and solved the problem on a conceptual level. Then I implemented it top down according to my design. I also could have implemented it bottom-up, since I knew some bottom of the solution. That´s the leaves of the functional decomposition tree. Where things became fuzzy, since the design did not cover any more details as with Find_factors(), I repeated the process in the small, so to speak: fake some top level, endure red high level tests, while first solving a simpler problem. Using scaffolding tests (to be thrown away at the end) brought two advantages: Encapsulation of the implementation details was not compromised. Naturally private methods could stay private. I did not need to make them internal or public just to be able to test them. I was able to write focused tests for small aspects of the solution. No need to test everything through the solution root, the API. The bottom line thus for me is: Informed TDD produces cleaner code in a systematic way. It conforms to core principles of programming: Single Responsibility Principle and/or Separation of Concerns. Distinct roles in development – being a researcher, being an engineer, being a craftsman – are represented as different phases. First find what, what there is. Then devise a solution. Then code the solution, manifest the solution in code. Writing tests first is a good practice. But it should not be taken dogmatic. And above all it should not be overloaded with purposes. And finally: moving from top to bottom through a design produces refactored code right away. Clean code thus almost is inevitable – and not left to a refactoring step at the end which is skipped often for different reasons.   PS: Yes, I have done this kata several times. But that has only an impact on the time needed for phases 1 and 2. I won´t skip them because of that. And there are no shortcuts during implementation because of that.

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  • Configuring mouse buttons to switch between apps?

    - by Matt Gregory
    I just installed 14.04, so I'm using the default setup (Unity, I guess). I have these two extra mouse buttons on the side of my mouse. Is there any way to map these so they can switch between open apps? What would be perfect is if clicking on button 6 (or whatever it is) would cycle forward through apps, button 7 would go backwards, and holding one of the buttons would show the task list and let you click on the app you want. That's really what I want.

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  • How does an Engine like Source process entities?

    - by Júlio Souza
    [background information] On the Source engine (and it's antecessor, goldsrc, quake's) the game objects are divided on two types, world and entities. The world is the map geometry and the entities are players, particles, sounds, scores, etc (for the Source Engine). Every entity has a think function, which do all the logic for that entity. So, if everything that needs to be processed comes from a base class with the think function, the game engine could store everything on a list and, on every frame, loop through it and call that function. On a first look, this idea is reasonable, but it can take too much resources, if the game has a lot of entities.. [end of background information] So, how does a engine like Source take care (process, update, draw, etc) of the game objects?

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